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The Ris verbs agree with 4 moods, 6 aspects and 2 voices. It is split into two paradigms; one for each voice.
The Ris verbs agree with 4 moods, 6 aspects and 2 voices. It is split into two paradigms; one for each voice.
Three basic form of the Ris verbs is the supine. It acts like a verbal noun and most often ends in <-er> or <-a>. There are no tenses in the language.
====Active conjugation====
====Active conjugation====
The first paradigm is in the [[Ris#Active voice|active voice]]. The verbs are conjugated as follows. It is presented in the first person patientive singular, with a suffixed "-o".
The first paradigm is in the [[Ris#Active voice|active voice]]. The verbs are conjugated as follows. It is presented in the first person patientive singular, with the enclitic first  person pronouns.  


=====Positive paradigm=====
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 600px; text-align: center;"
|-
! colspan="5" scope="col"|''kater -'' to write
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="col"|
! scope="col"|Supine
| colspan="3" scope="col"|''kater''
|-
! scope="col"|Participle
| colspan="3" scope="col"|''katramena''
|-
! scope="col"|Indicative
! scope="col"|Subjunctive
! scope="col"|Potential
! scope="col"|Imperative
|-
! colspan="5" scope="col"|Aspects
|-
!Perfective
|ká.te.ro


{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 600px; text-align: center;"|-! colspan="5" scope="col"|''kater -'' to write|-! rowspan="3" scope="col"|! scope="col"|Supine| colspan="3" scope="col"|''kater''|-! scope="col"|Participle| colspan="3" scope="col"|''katramena''|-! scope="col"|Indicative! scope="col"|Subjunctive! scope="col"|Potential! scope="col"|Imperative|-! colspan="5" scope="col"|Aspects|-!Perfective|ká.te.ro''katero''|ka.tér.ra''katerra''|ka.te.ríj.a''katria''|ka.tér.ro''katerro''|-!Imperfective|ka.te.rís.to''katristo''|ka.tér.ris.ta''katerrista''|ka.te.rís.tia''katristia''|ka.tér.ris.to''katerristo''|-!Iterative|ki.ká.te.ro''kikatero''|ki.ka.tér.ra''kikaterra''|ki.ka.tə.ríj.a''kikatria''|ki.ka.tér.ro''kikaterro''|-! colspan="5"|Applicative forms|-!Cessative| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|ka.tə.rás.χo''katraskho''|-!Inceptive| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|ka.te.ríz.o''katrizo/katerizo''|-!Benefactive| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|ka.te.rés.a''katresa''|}{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 600px; text-align: center;"|-! colspan="5" scope="col"|''kanther -'' to write|-! rowspan="3" scope="col"|! scope="col"|Supine| colspan="3" scope="col"|''kanther''|-! scope="col"|Participle| colspan="3" scope="col"|''kanthramena''|-! scope="col"|Indicative! scope="col"|Subjunctive! scope="col"|Potential! scope="col"|Imperative|-! colspan="5" scope="col"|Aspects|-!Perfective|kán.θe.ro''kanthro''|kan.θér.ra''kantherra''|kan.θe.ríj.a''kanthria''|kan.θér.ro''kantherro''|-!Imperfective|kan.θe.rís.to''kanthristo''|kan.θér.ris.ta''kantherrista''|kan.θe.rís.ti.a''katristia''|kan.θér.ris.to''kantherristo''|-!Iterative|kã.kán.θe.ro''kaukanthro''|kã.kan.θér.ra''kaukantherra''|kã.kan.θe.ríj.a''kaukanthria''|ki.kan.θér.ro''kaukantherro''|-! colspan="5"|Applicative forms|-!Cessative| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|kan.θe.rás.χo''kanthraskho''|-!Inceptive| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|kan.θe.ríz.o''kanthrizo''|-!Benefactive| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|kan.θe.rés.a''kanthresa''|}
''katero''
|ka.tér.ra


{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 750px; text-align: center;"
''katerrha''
|ka.te.ríj.a
''katria''
|ka.tér.ro
''katerrho''
|-
!Imperfective
|ka.te.rís.to
''katristo''
|ka.tér.ris.ta
''katerrhista''
|ka.te.rís.tia
''katristia''
|ka.tér.ris.to
''katerrhisto''
|-
!Iterative
|ki.ká.te.ro
''kikatero''
|ki.ka.tér.ra
''kikaterrha''
|ki.ka.tə.ríj.a
''kikatria''
|ki.ka.tér.ro
''kikaterrho''
|-
! colspan="5"|Applicative forms
|-
!Cessative
| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|ka.tə.rás.χo
''katraskho''
|-
!Inceptive
| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|ka.te.ríz.o
''katrizo/katerizo''
|-
!Benefactive
| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|ka.te.rés.a
''katresa''
|}
 
=====Negative paradigm=====
The negative conjugation of verbs is most often formed by infixing an <nowiki><-</nowiki>n<nowiki>-></nowiki> to the first or second consonant.
 
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 600px; text-align: center;"
|-
|-
! colspan="5" scope="col"|''mní -'' to see
! colspan="5" scope="col"|''kanther -'' not to write
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" scope="col"|
! rowspan="3" scope="col"|
! scope="col"|Supine
! scope="col"|Supine
| colspan="3" scope="col"|''mnía''
| colspan="3" scope="col"|''kanther''
|-
|-
! scope="col"|Participle
! scope="col"|Participle
| colspan="3" scope="col"|''mnínta''
| colspan="3" scope="col"|''kanthramena''
|-
|-
! scope="col"|Indicative
! scope="col"|Indicative
Line 32: Line 100:
|-
|-
!Perfective
!Perfective
|mwi.o
|kán.θe.ro
''mnío''
 
|mwi.ra
''kanthro''
''mníra''
|kan.θér.ra
|mwi.wa
 
''mníoua''
''kantherrha''
|mwi.ro
|kan.θe.ríj.a
''mníro''
''kanthria''
|kan.θér.ro
''kantherrho''
|-
|-
!Imperfective
!Imperfective
|mwi.is.to
|kan.θe.rís.to
''mnī́sto''
''kanthristo''
|mwi.ris.ta
|kan.θér.ris.ta
''mnirísta''
''kantherrhista''
|mwi.is.twa
|kan.θe.rís.ti.a
''mnī́stoua''
''katristia''
|mwi.ris.to
|kan.θér.ris.to
''minrísto''
''kantherrhisto''
|-
|-
!Iterative
!Iterative
|me.mwi.o
|kã.kán.θe.ro
''memnío''
''kaukanthro''
|me.mwi.ra
|kã.kan.θér.ra
''memníra''
''kaukantherrha''
|me.mwi.wa
|kã.kan.θe.ríj.a
''memníoua''
''kaukanthria''
|me.mwi.ro
|ki.kan.θér.ro
''memníro''
''kaukantherrho''
|-
|-
! colspan="5"|Applicatives
! colspan="5"|Applicative forms
|-
|-
!Cessative
!Cessative
|mwi.as.kho
| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|kan.θe.rás.χo
''mnískho''
''kanthraskho''
|mwi.ras.kha
''mniráskha''
|mwi.as.khe.wa
''mniáskheua''
|mwi.ras.kho
''mniráskho''
|-
|-
!Inceptive
!Inceptive
|mni.i.zo
| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|kan.θe.ríz.o
''mnī́zo''
''kanthrizo''
|mwi.ri.za
''mníriza''
|mwi.ri.zwa
''mnírizoua''
|mwi.ri.zo
''mnírizo''
|-
|-
!Benefactive
!Benefactive
|mni.i.o
| colspan="4" rowspan="1"|kan.θe.rés.a
''mnī́o''
''kanthresa''
|mwi.ri.a
''mníria''
|mwi.i.wa
''mnī́oua''
|mwi.ri.o
''mnírio''
|}
|}


===Mediopassive conjugation===
===Mediopassive conjugation===
The [[w:Mediopassive voice|mediopassive]] voice is created by prefixing ''an-'' to the verb, or sometimes ''en-''.
The [[w:Mediopassive voice|mediopassive]] voice is created by prefixing <an-> to the verb, or sometimes <ana->.


==Nominal==
==Nominal==
Line 264: Line 316:
|''ouiar''
|''ouiar''


|''niai''
|''nai''


|''kiara''
|''kiara''
Line 580: Line 632:
*C[+plosive, -nas, -asp, -voice] > C[+plosive, -nas, +asp, -voice] / C[+plosive, -nas, -asp, -voice, +hom]_V
*C[+plosive, -nas, -asp, -voice] > C[+plosive, -nas, +asp, -voice] / C[+plosive, -nas, -asp, -voice, +hom]_V
=====First paradigm=====
=====First paradigm=====
Dated, but the inflexion ought to work for the relay. Nouns ending in <-n> recieve a stem of <-nta>, in the declensions.
The singulative corresponds to singular, the plurative to plural, and the collective is nowadays called the plural indefinite.
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible  mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;"
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible  mw-collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="4"|''kḗrax'' - bird
! colspan="4"|''kḗrax'' - bird
Line 657: Line 712:
! scope="row"|
! scope="row"|
! scope="col"|gȳ́p-
! scope="col"|gȳ́p-
! scope="col"|gȳ́ps - friend-to-be
! scope="col"|gȳ́ps - friend-to-be; kin
! scope="col"|ma-an
! scope="col"|ma-an
|-
|-
Line 668: Line 723:
|gup.əs
|gup.əs
''gȳ́ps''
''gȳ́ps''
|gup.nəs
|guph.nəs
''gȳ́pne''
''gȳ́pne''
|gup.ais
|guph.ais
''gȳ́pai''
''gȳ́phai''
|-
|-
! scope="row"|Agentive
! scope="row"|Agentive
|gup.əis.ə
|gup.əis.ə
''gȳ́pir''
''gȳ́phir''
|gup.nəis.ə
|gup.nəis.ə
''gȳ́pnir''
''gȳ́pnir''
Line 683: Line 738:
! scope="row"|Dative
! scope="row"|Dative
|gup.ais
|gup.ais
''gȳ́pai''
''gȳ́phai''
|gup.nais
|gup.nais
''gȳ́pnai''
''gȳ́pnai''
Line 691: Line 746:
! scope="row"|Instrumental
! scope="row"|Instrumental
|gup.ans
|gup.ans
''gȳ́pan''
''gȳ́phan''
|gup.nans
|gup.nans
''gȳ́pnan''
''gȳ́pnan''
|gup.ans.ai
|gup.ans.ai
''gȳ́panta''
''gȳ́phanta''
|-
|-
! scope="row"|Genitive
! scope="row"|Genitive
|gup.əis
|gup.əis
''gȳ́pi''
''gȳ́phi''
|gup.nəis
|gup.nəis
''gȳ́pni''
''gȳ́pni''
Line 707: Line 762:
! scope="row"|Locative
! scope="row"|Locative
|gup.os
|gup.os
''gȳ́pou''
''gȳ́phou''
|gup.nos
|gup.nos
''gȳ́pnou''
''gȳ́pnou''
|gup.os.əi
|gup.os.əi
''gȳ́pouri''
''gȳ́phouri''
|-
|-
! scope="row"|Vocative
! scope="row"|Vocative
|gup.əs
|gup.əs
''goupá''
''gouphá''
|gup.əs
|gup.əs
''gȳ́pne''
''gȳ́pne''
|gup.əs.əi
|gup.əs.əi
''goupéri''
''gouphéri''
|}
|}


Line 1,075: Line 1,130:
''spatī́ere''
''spatī́ere''
|}
|}
====Number====
Ris has three numbers, all of which are equally common in the language. The Ris numbers are different to those of English, instead using a so-called [[w:singulative number|collective-singulative]] distinction.
The distinction infers that the basic form of a noun is the [[w:collective number|collective]], which is indifferent to the number and unmarked. However, in Ris, the collective form has an additional meaning, and can also signify [[w:dual number|dual]]s. It is thus the singulative that most often goes unmarked.
=====Singulative=====
The [[w:singulative|singulative]] ({{sc|sg}}) denotes one, single noun, and roughly corresponds to the English equivalent of [[w:singular|singular]]. A singulative noun is a single item, either of a collective noun or even a mass noun.
{|  cellpadding="4" style="line-height: 1em; border:1px solid #CCC; background:#f5f5f5"
|+
<!-- Sentence -->
| colspan="4"|'''thýo trḗ{{blue|ma}}'''
!
| colspan="4"|'''mnío {{blue|klī́ta}} mna'''
!
| colspan="5"|'''íntrai páki{{blue|ma}} ḗs?'''
|-
<!-- Pronunciation-->
| colspan="4"|/ˈtʰʉ̩ɔ ˈtreːma/
!
| colspan="4"|/ˈmnɪ̩ːɔ ˈklɪːta mna/
!
| colspan="5"|/ˈɪntraɪ̯ ˈpakɪma eːs/
|-
<!-- Morphemes-->
|<small>thý</small>
|<small>-o</small>
|<small>trḗ</small>
|<small>{{blue|-ma}}</small>
!
|<small>mní</small>
|<small>-o</small>
|<small>{{blue|klī́ta}}</small>
|<small>mna</small>
!
|<small>ín-</small>
|<small>-trai</small>
|<small>paki-</small>
|<small>{{blue|-ma}}</small>
|<small>ḗs</small>
|-
<!-- Gloss-->
|to want
| -{{sc|ind.prfv.1.sg.m}}
|wheat.{{sc|unm.inan}}
| -{{sc|pat.{{blue|sg}}}}
!
|to see
| -{{sc|ind.prfv.1.sg.m}}
|wolf.{{sc|ma.an.pat.{{blue|sg}}}}
| one
!
|to be
| -{{sc|subj.prfv.1.sg.m}}
|time.{{sc|unm.inan}}
| -{{sc|pat.{{blue|sg}}}}
| you.{{sc|2.dat.sg.an.}}
|-
<!-- Translations -->
| colspan="4"| ''I want a grain of wheat.''
!
| colspan="4"|''I see a wolf.''
!
| colspan="5"|''Do you have a minute?''
|}


[[Category:Ris]]
[[Category:Ris]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Ris/Morphology"