User:Chrysophylax/yow tha: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | |||
===the vowels=== | ===the vowels=== | ||
<poem> | <poem> | ||
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m n | m n | ||
</poem> | </poem> | ||
== | ===syllable=== | ||
The syllable is bound: | The syllable is bound: | ||
| Line 19: | Line 20: | ||
where g = glide, and C = any consonant | where g = glide, and C = any consonant | ||
===phonological word=== | |||
==phonological word== | |||
Additional binds: | Additional binds: | ||
| Line 26: | Line 26: | ||
e.g. ~takʰ → [takkʰa] | e.g. ~takʰ → [takkʰa] | ||
====morphophonemic==== | |||
m- prefix ~n before t tʰ | |||
===sandhi=== | |||
====dissimilatory processes==== | |||
*Semivowel exchange: | |||
:A /w/ after /o/ will change to /j/, whilst /j/ after /i/ becomes /w/. E.g. underlying |sʰwo-wt-| → /sʰwojt/ → [sʰwojta] 'meat' | |||
*Semivowel dissimilation | |||
: final /w/ becomes [kʰ] when followed by another word containing /w/ in the onset. E.g. /ʔjow ʕwan/ → [ʔjokʰ‿ʕwan] | |||
===aphaeresis=== | |||
vowels occurring in positions with little stress might be reduced or deleted, e.g. /sanatakkʰa/ → [sənatakkʰa] / [snatakkʰa] | |||
==prasadī== | ==prasadī== | ||
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*da interrogative intones σ<sup>13(4)</sup> | *da interrogative intones σ<sup>13(4)</sup> | ||
==morphology== | ==morphology== | ||
===word classes=== | |||
===verbs=== | |||
do not inflect for subject | |||
e.g. ''ʾikh ħwanta natakkha'' 'I hold that great valley' (Lit. 'that great valley hold') | |||
====suffix==== | |||
=====y-suffix===== | |||
The y-affix represents the conflation of the categories: non-present, non-past, unrealised, counterfactual, atelic, which we denote {{sc|unreal}}. | |||
The affix will be infixed when it is so possible (glide position not occupied), else it will realise as -ay | |||
e.g. ''takʰ'' + ''-y'' > ''taykʰ-'' but ''sawʕ'' + ''y'' > ''sawʕay'' | |||
====prefix verb extension==== | |||
=====s-prefix===== | |||
=====h-prefix===== | |||
=====m-prefix===== | |||
stative | |||
===determiners=== | |||
{| class=wikitable | |||
|- | |||
!{{sc|prox.}}!!{{sc|dist.}} | |||
|- | |||
|ʾakh||ʾikh | |||
|} | |||
===nomina=== | |||
====-t-==== | |||
augments da nomen | |||
====-n-==== | |||
intensifies da meaning | |||
====-sʰ-==== | |||
dat be a tool | |||
===reduplication=== | ===reduplication=== | ||
====reduplication as copulative==== | |||
creates copulative form, e.g. ''yow'' 'shade' → ''yoyow'' '(Y) is shade' | |||
==syntax== | |||
===noun phrasis=== | |||
====compounding==== | |||
* head-final | |||
e.g. ''ʾyow tha'' 'speech of the shaded valley' (short for ''ʾyow ħwan tha'' lit. 'shade dale word') | |||
Latest revision as of 03:46, 7 January 2016
Phonology
the vowels
i
o
a
the consonants
t tʰ k kʰ
s sʰ h
ʔ ʕ
y w
m n
syllable
The syllable is bound:
- C(g)V(g)(C)
where g = glide, and C = any consonant
phonological word
Additional binds:
can only end on a nasal, glide, vowel, fricative.
e.g. ~takʰ → [takkʰa]
morphophonemic
m- prefix ~n before t tʰ
sandhi
dissimilatory processes
- Semivowel exchange:
- A /w/ after /o/ will change to /j/, whilst /j/ after /i/ becomes /w/. E.g. underlying |sʰwo-wt-| → /sʰwojt/ → [sʰwojta] 'meat'
- Semivowel dissimilation
- final /w/ becomes [kʰ] when followed by another word containing /w/ in the onset. E.g. /ʔjow ʕwan/ → [ʔjokʰ‿ʕwan]
aphaeresis
vowels occurring in positions with little stress might be reduced or deleted, e.g. /sanatakkʰa/ → [sənatakkʰa] / [snatakkʰa]
prasadī
da sentinz
- da indicative sentinz is intoned σ31
- da interrogative intones σ13(4)
morphology
word classes
verbs
do not inflect for subject
e.g. ʾikh ħwanta natakkha 'I hold that great valley' (Lit. 'that great valley hold')
suffix
y-suffix
The y-affix represents the conflation of the categories: non-present, non-past, unrealised, counterfactual, atelic, which we denote unreal. The affix will be infixed when it is so possible (glide position not occupied), else it will realise as -ay e.g. takʰ + -y > taykʰ- but sawʕ + y > sawʕay
prefix verb extension
s-prefix
h-prefix
m-prefix
stative
determiners
| prox. | dist. |
|---|---|
| ʾakh | ʾikh |
nomina
-t-
augments da nomen
-n-
intensifies da meaning
-sʰ-
dat be a tool
reduplication
reduplication as copulative
creates copulative form, e.g. yow 'shade' → yoyow '(Y) is shade'
syntax
noun phrasis
compounding
- head-final
e.g. ʾyow tha 'speech of the shaded valley' (short for ʾyow ħwan tha lit. 'shade dale word')