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''Negation'':
''Negation'':


Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is.
Negation is done though the VAT vowel, it changes from the +, positive or affirmative coloumn, to the -, negative or negation coloumn of the same sort along with agreeing like the vowel normally is, along with a suffix prior to it. -ŋ- prior to the VAT vowel, unless the final consonant prior is plosive velar, k or g, in which it is -m- instead.


:{| {{style|center}}
:{| {{style|center}}
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And thirdly they are used to modify the verb in the phrase.
And thirdly they are used to modify the verb in the phrase.


To get the subject or object back into the clause one uses the Postpositions Kwë and Tlë, both highly irregular, before the participle with the noun in their proper case.
To get the subject or object back into the clause one simply puts the noun infront of the participle in postpositional case, similar to "The '''man''' eating woman".


Active voice cannot be used in participles.
Active voice cannot be used in participles.


To form a participle the conjugated verb is taken with the addition of a vowel which is depended on the tense in question and a consonant which depends on the gender of the subject that is being relativized, doesn't matter which of the two uses, and the voice in question.
To form a participle the conjugated verb is taken with the addition of a vowel which is depended on the tense in question and a consonant which depends on the gender of the subject that is being relativized, doesn't matter which of the two uses, and the voice in question. The vowel may be omitted when phonotactics allows it.


:{|{{style|center}}
:{|{{style|center}}
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|-
|-
! Passive
! Passive
| -yn || -aam
| -(y)n || -(aa)m
|-
|-
! Anti-passive
! Anti-passive
| -im || -ën
| -(im) || -(ë)n
|-
|-
! Circumstantial
! Circumstantial
| -yŋ || -iiŋ
| -(y)ŋ || -(ii)ŋ
|}
|}
The vowel in the voice-polarity suffix is not used in present tempus or where phonotactics allows it's omition


The adverbial participle can be used in several manners and each manner usually requires a specific set of tempuses to be used
The adverbial participle can be used in several manners and each manner usually requires a specific set of tempuses to be used
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===Supine===
===Supine===
The supine describes actions done for the purpose of something ora result of the action. In english it is often the infitive form of the verb, "We walked over to Ronald '''To help him'''".
The supine describes actions done for the purpose of something or a result of the action. In english it is often the infitive form of the verb, "We walked over to Ronald '''To help him'''". Important to notice is that the supine, unlike adverbial participles, can inherently take an object if it neccesitates it.
 
Can also mark the purpose of a noun if used infront of them.


Supines don't take conjugational affixation but rather these to mark positive or negative, to do or not to do it.
Supines don't take conjugational affixation but rather these to mark positive or negative, to do or not to do it.
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''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Gerund|Examples]]''
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Gerund|Examples]]''
===Infinitives===


===Modal Forms===
===Modal Forms===
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<sup>1</sup> vowels are omitable if the phonotactic allows it
<sup>1</sup> vowels are omitable if the phonotactic allows it
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Modal Verbs|Examples]]''


===Sequence of tenses===
===Sequence of tenses===
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| y-uu-o
| y-uu-o
|}
|}
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Declension|Examples]]''


===Possession===
===Possession===
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Inalienable possession refer to possession that is static through time, your arm will always be your arm, parents will always be parents even if disowned. In this case both are in indefiniate state but the same case.
Inalienable possession refer to possession that is static through time, your arm will always be your arm, parents will always be parents even if disowned. In this case both are in indefiniate state but the same case.


In both cases the possessed comes before the possessor in the word order.
In both cases the possessed comes after the possessor in the word order.
 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Possession|Examples]]''


==Adjective==
==Adjective==
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|}
|}


 
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Adjective|Examples]]''
 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | Forms
|-
! Form
! Suffix
|-
| Negative
| -öššw
|-
| Equative
| -yž
|-
| Positive
| -oovj
|}


===Predicate===
===Predicate===
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====Interogative Pronouns====
====Interogative Pronouns====
The pronouns are similar to english with a few addition, it distinguishes between an item, a living thing, an animal and a sapient being.
The pronouns are similar to english with a few addition, it distinguishes between an item, a living thing, an animal and a sapient being.
{| {{style|center}}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=7 | Interrogative pronouns
! colspan=7 | Interrogative pronouns
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| flat || fljat || flwat
| flat || fljat || flwat
|}
|}
There is a hierarchy of choice which you ask for depending on level of knowledge, the higher it is in the hierarchy the more specific it must be that kind of entity.
High > ''Person'' '''>''' ''Animal'' '''>''' ''Living'' '''>''' ''Thing'' > Low
===Demonstratives===
===Demonstratives===
Demonstratives are highly contextual. They refer to a specific entity of some sort that is deduced from what is said and done around.
Demonstratives are highly contextual. They refer to a specific entity of some sort that is deduced from what is said and done around.
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! colspan=11 | Demonstrative Determiner
! colspan=11 | Demonstrative Determiner
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
! colspan=11 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}}
! colspan=11 | {{red|mag}} - {{green|liv}} - {{purple|art}} - {{blue|non}} <br> {{yellow|mag - liv}} - {{cyan|art - non}}
|-  
|-  
! colspan=1 | Case↓
! colspan=1 | Case↓
! colspan=1 | This
! colspan=3 | This
! colspan=1 | That
! colspan=3 | That
! colspan=1 | Yon  
! colspan=3 | Yon  
|-
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
! Sg.
! Pc.
! Pl.
|-
|-
! Int
! Int
<!-- This -->
<!-- This -->
| {{red|tlet}} <br> {{green|tlež}} <br> {{purple|tlezj}} <br> {{blue|tledj}}
| {{red|tlet}} <br> {{green|tlež}} <br> {{purple|tlezj}} <br> {{blue|tledj}}
| {{yellow|tljëv}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëv}}
| tliizz
| {{red|zzliit}} <br> {{green|zzliž}} <br> {{purple|zzliizj}} <br> {{blue|zzliidj}}
| {{red|zzliit}} <br> {{green|zzliž}} <br> {{purple|zzliizj}} <br> {{blue|zzliidj}}
| {{red|tslyt}} <br> {{green|tslyž}} <br> {{purple|tslyzj}} <br> {{blue|tslydj}}
| {{red|tslyt}} <br> {{green|tslyž}} <br> {{purple|tslyzj}} <br> {{blue|tslydj}}
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! Erg
! Erg
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tležžw}} <br> {{purple|tlezzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tležžw}} <br> {{purple|tlezzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{yellow|tljëz}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëz}}
| tliizw
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliižžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliizzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliižžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliizzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslyžžw}} <br> {{purple|tslyzzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslyžžw}} <br> {{purple|tslyzzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
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! Acc
! Acc
| {{red|tlesn}} <br> {{green|tležwn}} <br> {{purple|tlezjn}} <br> {{blue|tlezn}}
| {{red|tlesn}} <br> {{green|tležwn}} <br> {{purple|tlezjn}} <br> {{blue|tlezn}}
| {{yellow|tljëvm}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëvm}}
| tliizn
| {{red|zzliisn}} <br> {{green|zzliižwn}} <br> {{purple|zzliizjn}} <br> {{blue|zzliizn}}
| {{red|zzliisn}} <br> {{green|zzliižwn}} <br> {{purple|zzliizjn}} <br> {{blue|zzliizn}}
| {{red|tslysn}} <br> {{green|tslyžwn}} <br> {{purple|tslyzjn}} <br> {{blue|tslyzn}}
| {{red|tslysn}} <br> {{green|tslyžwn}} <br> {{purple|tslyzjn}} <br> {{blue|tslyzn}}
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! Pst
! Pst
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tledžw}} <br> {{purple|tledzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{red|tletsw}} <br> {{green|tledžw}} <br> {{purple|tledzw}} <br> {{blue|tledzw}}
| {{yellow|tljëdw}} <br> {{cyan|tlwëdw}}
| tliidz
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliidžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliidzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|zzliitsw}} <br> {{green|zzliidžw}} <br> {{purple|zzliidzw}} <br> {{blue|zzliidzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslydžw}} <br> {{purple|tslydzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
| {{red|tslytsw}} <br> {{green|tslydžw}} <br> {{purple|tslydzw}} <br> {{blue|tslydzw}}
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| džlwidts
| džlwidts
|}
|}
====Compound demonstratives====
There exist also compound demonstratives, they are composed of demonstrative pronoun + postposition. Key thing to remember is that the demonstrative pronoun takes the gender of the noun it acts upon, wether determiner or pronoun, and the postposition takes the same gender, but the demonstrative pronoun takes the neccisery case marking of the postposition
{| {{style|center}}
! Determiner
| Demonstrative<br>Pronoun
| Postposition
|}
This only expands the determiners and not the pronouns except a few handful cases
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Compound Demonstratives|Examples]]''


===Gender mixture===
===Gender mixture===
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| tšwat || tšwlat
| tšwat || tšwlat
|-
|-
! rowspan="8"|3rd
! rowspan="10"|3rd
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4| Object
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=5| Object
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Animal
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
!style="font-size: x-small;"| Magical
| tsjaš
| tsjaš
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| džwazd || džwlazd
| džwazd || džwlazd
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=3|Person
!style="font-size: x-small;" rowspan=4|Person
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1|General
| ŋŋo
| ŋŋo
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| miit || mliit
| miit || mliit
| mmat || mlat
| mmat || mlat
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=1| Sick one
|-
|-
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
!style="font-size: x-small;" colspan=2|General
Line 2,562: Line 2,599:
|}
|}


 
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | First person inclusive dual
|-
! Case
! Pro-noun
|-
! Int
|-
! Erg
|-
! Acc
|-
! Pst
|}
 
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsštstuvyzžüëö
abdefgǧhijklmnŋñoprsštstuvyzžüëö


Line 2,611: Line 2,662:
! Likely
! Likely
<!-- Condition -->
<!-- Condition -->
| Past Initio
| Causum
| Indicative
| Indicative
| Base
| Base
Line 2,625: Line 2,676:
| Abilative
| Abilative
<!-- Result-->
<!-- Result-->
| Initio
| Futurm Consequenta
| Subjunctive
| Subjunctive
| Hypothetical
| Hypothetical
Line 2,635: Line 2,686:
| Base
| Base
<!-- Result-->
<!-- Result-->
| Ingressus
| Consequentum
| Subjunctive
| Subjunctive
| Hypothetical
| Hypothetical
Line 2,641: Line 2,692:


==Accusative Absolute==
==Accusative Absolute==
Accusative Absolute is similar to latins {{lg|Ablative Absolute}}, a participle plus a noun describing things around the verb. It always occure in the begining before the subject or agent.
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Accusative Absolute|Examples]]''


==Modality==
==Modality==
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This is achived by putting the noun into intransitive construction state with the proper number vowel and then use it as an ordinary verb.
This is achived by putting the noun into intransitive construction state with the proper number vowel and then use it as an ordinary verb.
Adjectives for noun predicates, "''He is a '''green''' dog''", is used like an adjective predicate present adverbial participle.
Relative clause for noun predicates, "''He is the man '''that I saw yesterday'''''", is used adverbial participle.


''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Noun Copula|Examples]]''
''See [[Umbrean/Examples#Noun Copula|Examples]]''
Line 2,704: Line 2,763:


==Question==
==Question==
===Polarity questions===
Polarity
===Content Question===
Questions are formed by inverting the position of the Agent and the Object if its transitive, otherwise it remains the same with the Subject. The question word and particles does the rest to signify it is a question.
Questions are formed by inverting the position of the Agent and the Object if its transitive, otherwise it remains the same with the Subject. The question word and particles does the rest to signify it is a question.


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|-
|-
! Right
! Right
| {{cd|Pjodwia}}
| {{term|Pjodwia}}
| {{cd|Amodwia}}
| {{term|Amodwia}}
| {{cd|Migna}}
| {{term|Migna}}
|-
|-
! Left
! Left
| {{cd|Bjana}}
| {{term|Bjana}}
| {{cd|Bjuma}}
| {{term|Bjuma}}
| {{cd|Bfignina}}
| {{term|Bfignina}}
|-
|-
! Up
! Up
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Down
! Down
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Forward
! Forward
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|-
|-
! Backward
! Backward
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
| {{cd|}}
| {{term|}}
|}
|}


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|-
|-
| -
| -
| Time when done<br />happen
| Time when or place<br /> where done happen
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
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|-
|-
|  
|  
| Used to do verb
| Instrumental Used to do verb
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
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|  
|  
| Part of
| Part of
| Verb
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
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| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(o)ŋ
| -ŋ
| living thing
| living thing
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(y)nn
| -nn
| Female of
| Female of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -(ö)mm
| -mm
| Male of
| Male of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
| -dwa
| -tjidw
| Dominion of, domain of
| Dominion of, domain of
| Noun
| Noun
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| Language of
| Language of
| Verb
| Verb
| Noun
|-
| -nits
| Producer of
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|-
Line 3,232: Line 3,303:
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
| Noun
|}
===To Adjective===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | To Adjective
|-
|-
! colspan=4 | From Verb
|
|
| Noun
| Noun
|-
|
|
| Noun
| Noun
|}
 
===To Adjective===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:center;"
! colspan=4 | To Adjective
|-
! colspan=4 | From Verb
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
! rowspan=2 | Suffix
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| Adj
| Adj
|-
|-
|
| -lo
|
| for the purpose of
| Verb
| Adj
|-
| -lë
| not for the purpose of
| Verb
| Verb
| Adj
| Adj
Line 3,682: Line 3,768:
*Adjectives ()
*Adjectives ()
**
**
==Sentence Order==
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Intransitive
|-
| colspan=2 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
|-
| colspan=2 | {{blue|'''Intransitive'''}}<br>case
|-
! colspan=6 | Transitive
|-
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 colspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
|-
! colspan=6 | Ditransitive
|-
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<br>phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Noun Phrase
|-
| Postpositional<br>Clause
| Number
| Determiner
| Adjective
| Relative<br>Clause
| Noun
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<sub>gerund</sub>
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|- style="border-top:2px solid;"
| colspan=6 | Infinitive
|}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=6 | Relative Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Postpositional'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Supine'''<br>Phrase
| rowspan=2 | '''Verb'''<sub>participle</sub>
| colspan=1 | '''Noun'''<br>Phrase
|-
| colspan=1 | {{Green|'''Ergative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{red|'''Accusative'''}}<br>case
| colspan=1 | {{purple|'''Postpositional'''}}<br>case
|}
{| {{style|center}}
! colspan=2 | Postpositional <br> Phrase
|-
| Noun <br> Phrase
| Postpostition
|}
[[Category: Umbrean]]
[[Category: Umbrean]]
[[Category:Languages]]
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