Häskä: Difference between revisions

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====Gender====
====Gender====
If the subject is feminine, the verb takes the feminine prefix nə-.


====Aspect====
====Aspect====

Revision as of 16:56, 6 July 2018

Häskä/Wordlist

Häskä
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Lakovic
  • Häskä
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Häskä (dülut Häskä /dylut hæskæ/; modern: sä dülut Häskä Bjeheond: [sɛ dʉlut hɛskɛ]; Fəxom: [sa dʉlut haska]) is a Lakovic language with an Amharic- and Malay-inspired aesthetic. Modern Häskä is Tricin's lingua franca, and is official in the USB, Tumhan and Fəxom.

consonantism is conservative (except p > f); vowels harmonize

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ñ /ŋ/
Stop plain (p /p/) t /t/ k /k/ ʔ /ʔ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative f /f/ s /s/ x /ɬ/ š /ʃ/ h /h/
Affricate c /ts/ q /tɬ/ č /tʃ/
Approximant w /w/ r /r/ l /l/ y /j/

Vowels

a e i o u ä ə ü /ɑ e i o u æ ə ʉ/

in modern Häskä: ä-e merger in Bjeheondian Häskä, ä-a merger in Fəxomese Häskä

Stress

Stress is usually penultimate.

Morphology

Nouns

Häska nouns are either masculine or feminine. Nouns denoting females or that end in the feminine marker -i (from Proto-Lakovic *-s) are feminine.

Classical Häskä: Austronesian alignment?

Modern Häskä number markers:

  • = singular
  • ta = plural
  • hän = collective

Verbs

Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.

In the imperative, the subject is omitted. The cohortative ('let's VERB') uses the form VERB-yac.

Gender

If the subject is feminine, the verb takes the feminine prefix nə-.

Aspect

Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication.

Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (F) or last consonant (L)

  • imperfective/stative = unmarked
  • perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with em- for others
  • prospective = hef- (closest equivalent of future tense)
  • momentane = bla-
  • progressive = ăL-
  • gnomic = FăL-
  • frequentative = eNFă-
  • inchoative/inceptive = oLă-
  • graduative = tăFa-

Intensive

  • thu- = intensive prefix

Voice affixes

Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed.

  • ‹ăc› = Dynamic passive
  • ‹ră›, ‹wă› = Stative passive
  • ‹ăb› = Reflexive

Trigger affixes

  • ‹ăn/ăng› = Applicative trigger
  • ‹ith› = Locative trigger
  • ‹ăw› = Instrumental trigger
  • ‹ăfong› = Destination trigger
  • ‹ălis› = Comitative trigger
  • ‹ăm› = Source/cause trigger
  • ‹ăchem› = Benefactive/purpose trigger
  • ‹ărea› = Malefactive trigger

Derivational morphology

  • yə- = adjectivizer