Modern Ravenish: Difference between revisions

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|+ Standard personal pronouns
|+ Standard personal pronouns
|-
|-
! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative
! colspan=3 | !! Nominative
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
! rowspan=2 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
| {{term|muk}} || {{term|mük}}
| {{term|ik}}
|- valign="top"
|- valign="top"
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | dual
| {{term|unk}} || {{term|ünk}}
|-
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural
| {{term|uns}} || {{term|üns}}
| {{term|vir}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
! rowspan=2 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
| {{term|tuk}} || {{term|tük}}
| {{term|tuu}}
|-
! colspan=2 | dual
| {{term|unk}} || {{term|ünk}}
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | plural
! colspan=2 | plural
| {{term|juur}} || {{term|jüür}}
| {{term|juur}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=6 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine
! rowspan=6 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine
| {{term|ur}} || {{term|ür}}
| {{term|ir}}
|-
|-
! feminine
! feminine
| {{term|suu}} || {{term|süü}}
| {{term|sii}}
|-
|-
! neuter
! neuter
| {{term|ut}} || {{term|üt}}
| {{term|it}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine
! rowspan=3 | plural !! masculine
| {{term|uur}} || {{term|üür}}
| {{term|iir}}
|-
|-
! feminine
! feminine
| {{term|ijaar}} || {{term|ijäär}}
| {{term|ijaar}}
|-
|-
! neuter
! neuter
| {{term|ijo}} || {{term|ijö}}
| {{term|ijo}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive
! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive
| {{term|se}} || {{term|së}}
| {{term|se}}
|-
|-
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Informal personal pronouns
|+ Colloquial personal pronouns
|-
|-
! colspan=3 | !! Nominative !! Accusative
! colspan=3 | !! Nominative
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
! rowspan=2 | first<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular
| {{term|muk}} || {{term|mük}}
| {{term|minä}}
|- valign="top"
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural
| {{term|me}}
|-
|-
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural
! rowspan=3 | second<br>person !! colspan=1 rowspan=2 | singular !! formal
| {{term|muka}} || {{term|mükä}}
| {{term|Te}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
! colspan=1 | familiar
| {{term|tuk}} || {{term|tük}}
| {{term|sinä}}
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | plural
! colspan=2 | plural
| {{term|tuka}} || {{term|tükä}}
| {{term|te}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
! rowspan=2 | third<br>person !! colspan=2 | singular
| {{term|ut}} || {{term|üt}}
| {{term|hän}}
|-
|-
! ! colspan=2 | plural
! colspan=2 | plural
| {{term|uta}} || {{term|ütä}}
| {{term|he}}
|-
|-
! rowspan=1 colspan=3 | reflexive
! colspan=3 | reflexive
| {{term|se}} || {{term|së}}
| {{term|se}}
|-
|-
|}
|}


All the informal pronouns here are marked under the epicene, see the below noun table to see how to mark for gender.
Gender marking has become relatively rare in everyday speech, while additional affixes for it do exist, they're treated as unnecessary unless the distinction is important to the given information.


====Nouns====
====Nouns====

Revision as of 17:23, 21 October 2024


Ravenish
tiudisko
Ravenish flag.png
Pronunciation[tiy̯.dis.kø]
Created bywfosøra
Indo-European
Early form
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Ravenish (autoglossonym: tiudisko; Ravenish: [tiy̯.dis.kø) is a Germanic language, with strong influence from Finnish. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both groups after the Ravenish tribe migrated to the area that is now North Ostrobothnia. These connections slowly formed the modern language, which, under influence of Finnish for centuries, led to the innovation of several new forms, such as a conditional verb form and definiteness distinctions in nouns.

Introduction

Goals

  • Fun
  • Learn more Germanic

Setting

Inspiration

  • Finnish
  • Proto-Germanic
  • My love for old Germanic languages

Summary of changes from Proto-Germanic

All case endings are fully dropped, Genitive and Dative are marked through affixes, nominative and accusative are marked through vowel harmony.

Etymology

The language name derives from the same source as German Deutsch, þiudiskaz. The English name is in reference to a cultural aspect of the people, their unusually large reverence for Ravens, they place an oddly high importance on Ravens even for a Germanic tribe.

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography
IPA Letter
/ɑ, æ/ ä, a
/d/ d
/ɤ, e/ ë, e
/f/ f
/g/ g
/h/ h
/i/ i
/j/ j
/k/ k
/l/ l
/m/ m
/n/ n
/o, ø/ ö, o
/p/ p
/r/ r
/s/ s
/t/ t
/u, y/ ü, u
/ʋ/ v, b

Consonants

Consonant phonemes
Labial alveolar
/Palatal
Velar
/Glottal
Nasal m n (ŋ
Stop p t, d k, g
Fricative f s h
Approximant ʋ l, j
Trill r
  1. allophone of /n/ before /k/
  2. allophone of /n/ before /kʷ/
  3. allophone of /s/ before velars and at word ends

Vowels

Vowel phonemes
Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
short long short long short long short long
Close i y u
mid e ø øː ɤ ɤː o
Open æ æː ɑ ɑː

Prosody

Stress

Stress, like in PG, still lies solely on the first syllable unless prefixed, where stress moves with the root word.

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Grammar

Morphology

Take ALL forms with '?' with caution, the proto-Germanic form is unknown so this is me doing very, VERY basic comparisons to figure out a Possible form.

Pronouns

Standard personal pronouns
Nominative
first
person
singular ik
plural vir
second
person
singular tuu
plural juur
third
person
singular masculine ir
feminine sii
neuter it
plural masculine iir
feminine ijaar
neuter ijo
reflexive se
Colloquial personal pronouns
Nominative
first
person
singular minä
plural me
second
person
singular formal Te
familiar sinä
plural te
third
person
singular hän
plural he
reflexive se

Gender marking has become relatively rare in everyday speech, while additional affixes for it do exist, they're treated as unnecessary unless the distinction is important to the given information.

Nouns

All stems merged under a stemless form marked with vowel harmony and suffixes, this greatly reduced system makes the grammar arguably simpler than an analytical system due to how severely basic the inflectional system is.

Masculine Feminine Neuter Epicene
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Definite Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite Indefinite
Nominative -ar -oo -ai -anir -o -uun -aar -uunir -an -oo -o -ono - -a
Accusative -är -öö -äi -änir -üün -äär -üünir -än -öö -önö -
Dative -äümär -äümöö -äümäi -äümänir -äümö -äümüün -äümäär -äümüünir -äümän -äümöö -äümö -äümönö -äüm -äümä

Genitive is marked through '-n', it's added after the conjugation stem, so the Genitive nominative of 'rust' would be 'rustn'

Verbs

Verb declensions haven't changed much, the dual has fell out of use outside of formal situations, where even there it's rare, the dual is sometimes still used casually for couples, like 'they're walking together (as partners)' is {translation here}

Adjectives and Determiners

Adjectives and determiners use the same declension as nouns except a very small difference, an infixed '-i-', so 'rusty' would be '*rustiar' (actually 'rustag'), this has no etymological origin, instead being added as a countermeasure to keep nouns and adjectives from declining, and thus appearing, identical.

Adverbs

Numbers

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Beowulf Sentence 1

Language Sentence 1 of Beowulf
English Indeed (or 'Yes!')! We of the Spear-Danes, in days old, had our great kings who discovered the glory of what that man's courage could do.
Old English Hƿæt! Ƿē Gār-Dena in geār‐dagum þēod‐cyninga ⁠þrym gefrūnon, hu ðā æðelingas ellen fremedon.
Ravenish hat! uns gaizdanarn un järändägäümänir {þeïdöökïnïngöön þrumjaz gafrëëgun, hwo þo aþulungoz aljanan framidëëdun}
Pronunciation

Other resources