Umbrean/Examples: Difference between revisions
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'''Active''' - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject. | '''Active''' - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject. | ||
fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw | "''fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw''" | ||
{{Um-IPA|fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw}} | {{Um-IPA|fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw}} | ||
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wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}} | wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}} | ||
A wolf bit me | "''A wolf bit me''" | ||
'''Anti-Passive''' - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning. | '''Anti-Passive''' - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning. | ||
fššedy ǧlovets | "''fššedy ǧlovets''" | ||
{{Um-IPA|fššed-y ǧlov-ets}} | {{Um-IPA|fššed-y ǧlov-ets}} | ||
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wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf}} bite-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}} | wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf}} bite-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}} | ||
A wolf is not biting <br> wolves don't bite | "''A wolf is not biting''" <br> "''wolves don't bite''" | ||
'''Passive''' - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement | '''Passive''' - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement | ||
tswë ǧlovukwš | "''tswë ǧlovukwš''" | ||
{{Um-IPA|tswë ǧlovukwš}} | {{Um-IPA|tswë ǧlovukwš}} | ||
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{{sc|1s.int}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term}} | {{sc|1s.int}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term}} | ||
I stopped being bitten <br> I am stopping being bitten | "''I stopped being bitten''" <br> "''I am stopping being bitten''" | ||
===Mood=== | ===Mood=== | ||
'''Indicative''' - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself | '''Indicative''' - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself | ||
Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll | "''Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll''" | ||
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll}} | {{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll}} | ||
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{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} see-{{sc|ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | {{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} see-{{sc|ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | ||
I will see the wolf now/soon | "''I will see the wolf now/soon''" | ||
'''Optative''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel | '''Optative''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel | ||
Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill | "''Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill''" | ||
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill}} | {{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill}} | ||
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{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|opt}}>see-{{sc|opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | {{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|opt}}>see-{{sc|opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | ||
I want to see the wolf now/soon | "''I want to see the wolf now/soon''" | ||
'''Subjunctive''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel | '''Subjunctive''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel | ||
Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall | "''Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall''" | ||
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall}} | {{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall}} | ||
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{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|sjv}}>see-{{sc|sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | {{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|sjv}}>see-{{sc|sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | ||
I probably will see the wolf soon | "''I probably will see the wolf soon''" | ||
===Circumstantial=== | ===Circumstantial=== | ||
[[Category:Umbrean]] | [[Category:Umbrean]] | ||
Revision as of 17:16, 10 May 2013
Verb
VAT
Active - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.
"fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw"
/fʃ:edys: t͡sumj xlovɛsw:/
fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw
wolf-erg.s.indf 1s.acc bite-1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf
"A wolf bit me"
Anti-Passive - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.
"fššedy ǧlovets"
/fʃ:ed-y xlov-et͡s/
fššed-y ǧlov-ets
wolf-int.s.indf bite-1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont
"A wolf is not biting"
"wolves don't bite"
Passive - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement
"tswë ǧlovukwš"
/t͡swɛ xlovʉkwʃ/
tswë ǧlov-ukwš
1s.int bite-1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term
"I stopped being bitten"
"I am stopping being bitten"
Mood
Indicative - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself
"Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll"
/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw v:ɨdjo:l:/
Tšees fššed-ylw vvidj-ooll
1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def see-ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep
"I will see the wolf now/soon"
Optative - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel
"Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill"
/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw ɒv:ɨdjlɨ:l:/
Tšees fššed-ylw a>vvidj<l-iill
1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def <opt>see-opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep
"I want to see the wolf now/soon"
Subjunctive - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel
"Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall"
/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw ʉ:v:ɨdljɒ:l:/
Tšees fššed-ylw uu>vvidj<lj-aall
1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def <sjv>see-sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep
"I probably will see the wolf soon"