Umbrean/Examples: Difference between revisions
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fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw | fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw | ||
wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}} | wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf.liv}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}} | ||
"''A wolf bit me''" | "''A wolf bit me''" | ||
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fššed-y ǧlov-ets | fššed-y ǧlov-ets | ||
wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf}} bite-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}} | wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf.liv}} bite-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}} | ||
"''A wolf is not biting''" <br> "''wolves don't bite''" | "''A wolf is not biting''" <br> "''wolves don't bite''" | ||
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Tšees fššed-ylw vvidj-ooll | Tšees fššed-ylw vvidj-ooll | ||
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} see-{{sc|ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | {{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def.liv}} see-{{sc|ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | ||
"''I will see the wolf now/soon''" | "''I will see the wolf now/soon''" | ||
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Tšees fššed-ylw a>vvidj<l-iill | Tšees fššed-ylw a>vvidj<l-iill | ||
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|opt}}>see-{{sc|opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | {{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def.liv}} <{{sc|opt}}>see-{{sc|opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | ||
"''I want to see the wolf now/soon''" | "''I want to see the wolf now/soon''" | ||
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Tšees fššed-ylw uu>vvidj<lj-aall | Tšees fššed-ylw uu>vvidj<lj-aall | ||
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|sjv}}>see-{{sc|sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | {{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def.liv}} <{{sc|sjv}}>see-{{sc|sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}} | ||
"''I probably will see the wolf soon''" | "''I probably will see the wolf soon''" | ||
Revision as of 17:30, 10 May 2013
Verb
VAT
Active - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.
"fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw"
/fʃ:edys: t͡sumj xlovɛsw:/
fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw
wolf-erg.s.indf.liv 1s.acc bite-1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf
"A wolf bit me"
Anti-Passive - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.
"fššedy ǧlovets"
/fʃ:ed-y xlov-et͡s/
fššed-y ǧlov-ets
wolf-int.s.indf.liv bite-1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont
"A wolf is not biting"
"wolves don't bite"
Passive - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement
"tswë ǧlovukwš"
/t͡swɛ xlovʉkwʃ/
tswë ǧlov-ukwš
1s.int bite-1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term
"I stopped being bitten"
"I am stopping being bitten"
Mood
Indicative - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself
"Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll"
/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw v:ɨdjo:l:/
Tšees fššed-ylw vvidj-ooll
1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def.liv see-ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep
"I will see the wolf now/soon"
Optative - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel
"Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill"
/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw ɒv:ɨdjlɨ:l:/
Tšees fššed-ylw a>vvidj<l-iill
1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def.liv <opt>see-opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep
"I want to see the wolf now/soon"
Subjunctive - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel
"Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall"
/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw ʉ:v:ɨdljɒ:l:/
Tšees fššed-ylw uu>vvidj<lj-aall
1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def.liv <sjv>see-sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep
"I probably will see the wolf soon"