Swuntsim: Difference between revisions
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*''utcütsi'' (7) or ''cütsi'' (8, pl) = 'shell' | *''utcütsi'' (7) or ''cütsi'' (8, pl) = 'shell' | ||
**''Scütsi'' (Class 4 - collectives and augmentatives) = personal name, meaning 'patient, enduring' | **''Scütsi'' (Class 4 - collectives and augmentatives) = personal name, meaning 'patient, enduring' | ||
*'' | *''Yəy, yo fədway?'' = Hello, what's your name? | ||
==Diachronical sketch== | ==Diachronical sketch== |
Revision as of 04:41, 16 March 2018
Swuntsim | |
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təSfətsiv | |
Pronunciation | [/təsfətsiv/] |
Created by | IlL |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Tsimulh
| |
Sfətsiv (natively təSfətsiv /təsfətsiv/) is a modern Tsimulh language. It is the vernacular language of the Sfətsiv people.
It's inspired by Lushootseed and Welsh.
Todo
pluralization - mess it up
- utcütsi (7) or cütsi (8, pl) = 'shell'
- Scütsi (Class 4 - collectives and augmentatives) = personal name, meaning 'patient, enduring'
- Yəy, yo fədway? = Hello, what's your name?
Diachronical sketch
- m n > v dh
- sn > zd
- b d > b d
- g > gh > compensatory lengthening
Getting the aesthetic
- q qʷ > ŋ ŋʷ > n m
- gʷ > w when not word initial.
- sb sd > zv zd
- xʷ > f
- ʔC > C: (geminate)
- /ʔb ʔd/ > /b d/
- Zəpətj ʔusansj ʔəsoməv tüdjonf = the living fish swims in water
- ʔəmam = mother; ʔəpap = father
- tüdjo = water
- tjvic = house
- üvC > uuC
Orthography
Sfətsiv is usually written in the Sfətsiv alphabet. It's occasionally transcribed into Windermere, Talmic or Clofabic scripts.
Phonology
Consonants
Like many Tsimulh languages, Sfətsiv has no liquids in native words. However, liquids occur in loaned vocabulary.
Labial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Laryngeal | Glottal | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
central | lateral | plain | lab'zed | ||||||
Nasal | m m | n n | |||||||
Stop | tenuis | p p | t t | c k | cw kʷ | ʔ ʔ | |||
voiced | b b | d d | g g | gw gʷ | |||||
Fricative | voiceless | f f | s s | σ ɬ | sj ʃ | ch χ | chw χʷ | h h | |
voiced | v v | dh ð z z |
zj ʒ | ||||||
Affricate | tenuis | ts ts | ξ tɬ | tj tʃ | |||||
voiced | dj dʒ | ||||||||
Approximant | (r r) | y j | w w | (l ɴ̆) |
gw, chw become g, ch before rounded vowels /y u o/.
r, l are used in loanwords.
Geminates are allowed and are rendered by doubling (for digraphs, doubling the first consonant)
Vowels
i ü u e ə o a /i ü u e ə o a/ + long vowels
Stress
???
Grammar
Modern Sfətsiv is SVO.
Modern Sfətsiv has lost the Proto-Tsimulh noun class system, which was still active in Sacred Sfətsiv. Pronouns and verbs only agree in animacy and number.
Nouns
The genitive is marked with -s or -əs: stsaσ 'a forest or similar collection' > stsaσəs 'of a forest'
-s- is often inserted between nouns in compounds.
Nouns with unmarked plurals and marked singulars are common. The singulative is marked with gü- in this case.
Expected noun class reflexes:
- ʔə-, pl. tsə- = humans, spirits
- bü-, pl. də- = animals and other things that move on their own
- p-, pl. əpi- = plants and mushrooms; things that grow
- s-, pl. yüsj-/yüs-/yü- = collections or large things
- üt-, pl. pσə- = roughly round, compact objects
- va-, pl. wə- = long objects; tools, instruments, devices
- tj-, pl. abi- = places, locations, slots
- gü-, pl. 0- or dh- = various... including fluids (powder, water, liquids, fire, light, waves, wind, ...)
- σi-, pl. chwi- = time periods; events; things that are temporary (e.g. ice)
- t-, ti- = abstractions, manner, way, infinitives, verbal nouns (Class 10+11)
- bda- = -ness, -hood (Class 12)
Determiners
TODO: Separate forms for mass nouns
- every, all: tsəcwadh 'everyone, every (for animates)'; wəcwadh 'all things (for inanimates)'; cwadh 'everything; all (mass nouns)'
- many: tsəzab 'many people'; wəzab 'many things'; zab 'much (mass nouns)'
- few: tsənuu 'few people'; wənuu 'few things'; nuu 'few (mass nouns)'
Verbs
Concord
The animate subject affix is ʔə- in the singular and tsə- in the plural. Verbs with inanimate subjects do not have any subject affix.
Personal affixes:
- 1sg cə-
- 2sg fə-
- 1pl gwə-
- 2pl tsü-