Naeng/Wordlist

• tsi'eth = thing, object
• ǎcnas = high
• thpey = low
• săpeath-păchnay = patriotism
• ro'ărocs = cycle
• honochs = boundary
• roschon = (mathematics) homology
• prăcăbäs = pupil
• tswäs = glass
• tba = later
• cămra = to nickname
• yut = to shine
• yic = only
• tănse = to act
  • bintănse = action
• roac = time (occurrence)
  • N roac = N times
• csie = star
• wălieb = to be stunned
• wăroaș = valley
• clisăyfal = harmony
• ftsüen = live
  • fitsüen = era, epoch
  • sǎftsüen = life
• păstar = staircase; (musical) scale
• hăldoan = unity
• dălisoan = (music) unison
• tluaf = tone
• hăsüs = yet, still
  • die hăsüs = not anymore (NOT "not yet")
• ălcăfol = to change
• ansongfay = climate
  • bintădadech ansongfay = climate change (lit. climate heating)
  • ălcifol ansongfay = (euphemistic) climate change (lit. climate change)
  • thwang ansongfay = climate emergency/crisis
• tsmä = now
• torchmea = rather
• răfongteaf = variation
• gac = rabbit
• lătgic = to chew
• spănga = feather
• gow = feather
• thusăyieng = evil
• frăcing = sin (violation of religious law)
• răchim = (biology) male; (grammar) masculine
• mătsoac = (biology) female; (grammar) feminine
• fteach = body
• strath = (poetic) sea
• șroy = to pay
  • șișămiroy = usury
• lăhuats = to rebel
  • nulăhuats = rebel
  • osatslăhuats = to rebel
  • binlăhuats = rebellion
• nudlüey = vegan
• chteas = vegetable
  • nuchteas = vegetarian
• tăbiets = to ask
• thwang = emergency (< thuwang)
• hăltsăbas = dignity
• chaneab = infinite, endless
• că'oang = pulse
• pdeas = slow
• tsum = name
  • Chatsum = the Nameless (an epithet for the Second Mover, used especially by Snialites)
  • tsithum = to name
  • tsithum fi Chatsum = to do something foolish, futile, wrongheaded, or nonsensical (lit. to name the Nameless); [an expression popularized by Etsoj Jopah]
  • tsăfongum = to assign (someone as), to nominate
  • tsăreayum = to stigmatize
• crilath = doubt (from cirea rath "two thoughts")
• chtif = bee
• lăhoal = rest, remainder
• ătsoal = slave
• łișfo = to meet
• hăgep = to go out
• fech = enough
• mingsäch = week
• răbam = to advise, to argue
  • rămbam = to formulate (Easter egg)
• wăha = yes
  • nungil-wăha = yes-man
  • wăhang = well then
• osatshuats = to rebel
• nga = complementizer
• rădäf = alphabet
• fănaw = true
  • fănaw fănaw = verily, forsooth
  • șän-fănaw = wake-up call
• ămflü = (literary) wake up
  • ăthămflü = wake up
• chărea'i = to scorn
• tieth = no
• hălăhing = solstice
  • hălăhing srel = winter solstice
  • hălăhing doach = summer solstice
• păchan = equinox (from Thensarian *bucsanom "middle, intermediate")
  • păchan șer = spring equinox
  • păchan prith = autumn equinox
• lăde = to need
• lăfongte = to entail, to imply
• patsrin = food
• clăcleng = bullshit, nonsense (onomatopoeia for hollow ringing)
• ămeay-lămeay = pretentious-sounding nonsense (borrowed from Eevo)
• thngop Ronea = Ngronaism
• thngop rith-Mărots = Mărotłism
• thngop Asra = Clofabian paganism
• thngop Nutu = Pategian religion
• thngop wălam = Naquian theaterism
• thngop Sădew = Tlu religion
• thngop Crănun = Ko religion
• thngop Nufüș Hirath = Second Stopperism
• thngop Umpa-Lumpa = Oompa-Loompaism
• gling = to take
• yăfüș = to stop
• emcă'iguy = ideology
• iguy = claim, -ism
  • iguy psoam-ișeal = pro-natalism
  • iguy căräng-ișeal = antinatalism
• cduay = language
• peth = old
  • pănăreth = senescent, senile
• wüts = gift, grace, favor
• chmoap = people, folk
• thrăbets = enemy
• clăduang = receive
• tguay = face
  • clăduang tguay = to welcome
• ha, hay = vocative particle
• năłeng = virtue
  • dinăłeng = vice
• chnărwüng = excellent
• bü = baby (< *mpuʔ)
• Wen Lăchua = (poetic) Wen Dămea
• tge = voice
• ăyied = (smaller) box
• lăpüts = chest, larger box
• tge-ba = person (calque from Eevo vyllwar)
• lăłof = trombone
• łădmä = plant
• lithgow = to act, to play a character (actor)
• lăgow = to pretend
• ăntseng = violin
• yă'ef = very
• sifa = kantele
• fithnar = translate
• hathbur = artificial, manmade
• sănoc = to multiply, to copy
• socsănoc = (linguistics) to reduplicate
• binsocsănoc = (linguistics) reduplication
• năse = today
• ngothreach = accent
• ngăwes = strong
• năhän = weak
• cdeal = daring, bold
• tsăm'oap = to split, to fork
• slăda = to grind
• pra = polite 2sg pronoun
  • impra = polite 2pl pronoun
• hănuł = to encircle
  • sänuł = empire
• łăduy = again
• fnüc = hour
• thăyol = to use
• thof ăcreng = guppy
• triem băr'i = rhinoceros -- a neologism from brey 'horn' and cră'i 'nose'
• thăreng = net
• ăcrăłüth = colorful
• binngistoach = network (of people)
• thăreng tsor sngeaf = WWW
• sapleach = glory
• pănărleach = glorious
• mot = equative copula
• chmi = to be at
• ruay = to have; there exists
• făsor = away from
• șămar = mile
• wăthra = "zillion"
• părtos = pavilion
• sngan = open
• călciel = tile
• pătseal = rage, fury
• chwăhe = sad
• hoad = often
• wăceath = (archaic) to become
• căfol = to become
• yeang = dew
• twas = lamp
• păthan = stick
  • păthănthan = (Modern) chopstick(s)
• ăfăyfay = calmly, nonchalantly
• binpăreatü = violence
• șăgor = spirit, soul
• tsoa = morning
• ărăngeal = terrible
• stăthed = same
• lăhal = pen
• wăyha = death
• tăgib = frost
• op = (Classical) voici! here it is!
• cănga = (Classical) it is obvious, it can be seen
  • placănărnga = obvious
• tsămüt = paper
• hădüel = evening
• łăhea = must
• lăhüł = to whisper
• ăguas = hinge
• tsră'am = to be tired
• łăhoam = to praise
• nă'üng = until
• thuthănggem = to desire
• sti = to distribute, to spread
• păhuch = wise, astute
• łäm = place
• łämthutălieng = laboratory
• chnur = song
  • chnărnur = (Modern) art song
• cda = (Modern) ta-da!
• hüec trămäy = umbrella
• ăwieng = to perform, to have an effect
• thăceas = beard
• tsăding = lung
• rătsof Łălad = the galaxy to which Tricin's sun belongs (lit. 'Łălad's path'; Łălad is a mythical figure)
• pălat = alcoholic drink
  • thwălat = to ferment into ethanol
• măgän = vinegar
• răsu = flesh, meat
• răsu = galaxy (from Tseer raxu)
• tsăley = joyful
• călüw căley = triumphantly joyful
• Tsor ngean to mif fnüd ășeal! = Happy birthday!
• yămał = element
• ăläch = task, assignment
• cădüp = kernel
• hălcăngeb = heritage
• fă'oy = to win (a game), to pass (a test)
• emfă'oy = to acquire
• făm'oy = to grant
• măruth = salt
  • mișruth = salty
• dual = sound, tone
• dălisual = chord
• lăblach = to sound
• thuhămil = to resonate
  • eanăhil = to echo
• prüen = sour
  • păyrüen = acid
• oal = bitter
• chmol = wheat
• wăgier = tempeh
• hăcea = rice
• fă'iel = bread
• thwäs = tears
• sraf = forward
• răbüch = leap
• srathbüch = antelope (with some random changes)
• mithbua = prayer
• tuath = gratitude
• ngituath (șa-) = to thank
• thăbew = basis
• rüe = give
  • thrüe = offer
  • răfongüe = to endow
  • răchemüe = to donate; to give charitably
• snüe = land
• moang = for (benefactive)
• ba = through
• crea = think
• șămchats = to endeavor, to give effort
• swoch = self
• tsămăchean = to request
• mitsmăchean = (intj) please
• cithwił = receive
• pămrang = be pleased
• tăthathbur = create by hand
• thpeaș = dirt
  • yăthpeaș = mediocre
• șăbac = increase
• rithuy = rich
• ămdaw = past
• cots = whole
• tănar = home
• mășua = (genitive)
• thănge = (Classical) after
• năbath = to sweat
• cithfaw = to come forth
• trămäy = rain
• hac = passive particle
• săchemnüch = bless
• thăbur = work
• tatsliet = urgent
• sipoach = harvest
• tămo = (literary) greatly, very (intensifier for verbs and adjectives)
• hif = to sell
• thuhif = to advertise, to market
• ăgat = to cook
• ngăpngap = disturbed
• güf = bread
• gleaș = to fry
• fngor = alcoholic drink
• răbiel = spring (mechanical device)
• hăwä = pot
• wădey = stove
• feats = pan; stir-fry
• plaw = honey
• tăloac = die, cube
• rătsal = to call
  • răytsal = order
  • rămtsal = to invoke
• ătsuy = farm
  • nu'ătsuy = farmer
• łălen = to beware
• măsol = falsehood
  • yămsol = false
• fnüd se = today
• fnüd saf = yesterday
• fnüd nang = tomorrow
• fnüd łăbie-nang = the day after tomorrow
• fnüd tăngap-saf = the day before yesterday
• wăłon = to gather
• chrăbong = easy (*koHbaŋ + ⟨r⟩)
  • chnărăbong = complacent
• tăngap = before
  • tămngap = to prepare
  • tălisngap = to foretell
• łăbie = after
  • łăngbie = to delay
  • thułăngbie = to procrastinate
• roan = to wait
  • nuroan = patient (adj.)
• thăwä = border
• thănwä = to border
• ngiș = dune
• tăru = a flourish; an ornament
• ftoał = corner
• smin = flow
• chüem = flow
• hăgea = bundle
  • hișcea = to bind, tie together
  • hăliscea = society
• tănet = to breed
  • tănnăret = cultivated
• săngäł = mallet
• cieng = block
• mădo = to lose (something)
  • plamăpto = (euphemistic) to pass away
  • endămisto = (Modern) to wander
  • măreado = to abandon
• fră'es = sick
• mäw = to hug
• ăthie = to take out of water; save
• chrifas = apple
• reach = to tell
  • preach = messenger
  • prămeach = angel
  • ritheach = news
  • nureach = storyteller
• pamithlin = (mathematics) complex (relating to complex numbers)
• săway = to estimate
• binsăfongway = (mathematics) analysis
• făndaw = to test
• binfăndaw = exam
• panăfongsual = colony
• tłach = to move, to act
• thiec = some (less than 1)
• yoath = to start
  • yămoath = to finish, to conclude
• ămłua = to study
• siet = to teach
• ămie = roof
• ălu = letter (writing)
• siet = letter (character)
• să'äm = flag
• săfal = friend
• łă'im = iron
• păchwa = flea
• șwet = rose
• cmath = jaw
• cmil = to vote
• drił = stream
• ngăhuat = example (from a univerbation of "nga hatuay")
  • ngămhuat = to illustrate
  • mongămhuat = illustrative
• thbam = peace (obsolete; nowadays the Talmic word lăwi is used)
  • yăthbam = peaceful, calm, serene
• ciem = to combine
• ăfur = noble
  • nu'ăfur = aristocrat
  • ing'ăfur = to glorify (something mediocre or evil)
• cătheng = fellow
  • sactheng = fellowship
• scin = to stay
• lieb = to place, put; to make something [adjective]
  • to make X Y = "lieb X șa Y"
• wangpruaș = history
  • yăwangpruaș = historical
• ămuch = (Modern) full
  • ănărmuch = plentiful
• clüth = throat
• gith = to fall (of leaves)
• săwim = story
  • ingsăwim = to narrate
• thuwim = to obey (< Old Wdm. wim 'to follow')
  • nuthuwim = obedient
• binwărim = sequence
• tăchemrieth = to avenge
• tithrieth = to take revenge on
• mădung = dialect
• wăydüth = (Classical) instruction; (Modern) grammar
• hămir = milk (noun) (Note: it originally meant "to milk" and was a causative of the obsolete Old Windermere word "hir")
  • hăfongmir = to milk (Classical and Modern Windermere)
• trun = book
• thăpeal = laurel
• ăthaw = (poetic) red
• mălin = pair
  • hălmălin = duality
• șămșum = to hesitate
• eth = correct
  • eth = emphatic particle (connotes 'it does', 'doesn't it?')
  • ingeth = to correct
• tüth = to hold, to grasp
  • pădüth = meaning, intention
• iec = line/lineage
• tsăliet = fast
• fnüd = day
• thräf = pair
• șän = word
• șän-șän = word for word
• șänthüech = to apologize; apology
• șänswach = discourse; language as a reflection of one's character
• sărach = vehicle
• sămrach = to ride
• moșiew = nature
• șiew = source
• łă'o = branch
• năwäth = sine (etymology?)
• lăchüech = to recite
• lăchir = to write
• lătap = to tap?
• oar = to flow (~ Ksieħ òr 'day')
• tuach = even
• psüeth = naked
• snar = to know (Modern)
  • hălsnar = knowledge
• hălda = science (from the obsolete Old Windermere word da (know), which also survives in păda "sage")
• brits = to speak
• sngiem = to praise
• neab = end
• sngeaf = world
• tłeab = pipe
• thür = equal
• wier = beautiful
  • ithwier = to improve
  • hălwier = beauty
  • ingwier = to beautify
• snoach = learn
• *chnay = to order, to arrange, to set (not used in Modern Wdm)
  • păchnay = king
  • chrăne = form, ideal
    • hălwier-chrăne = mathematics
• tar = house
• Nutłach Hirath = Second Mover
• sieth = warm
  • tăsasieth = to warm up
• ngă'ü = to enter
• ăthüe = to exist
• piros = ratio
• sngith = time
• sngat = tiny
• łin = law, right, justice
  • păłin = judge
• hima = law (statute)
  • hithma = to declare
    • binhithma = declaration
• hi- = -th (ordinal marker)
• ălie = state, polity
• fne = to choose
• chwäp = light
• ploch = to shine
• tmea = door
• slüep = hole
• sreł = wall
• ey = side, next to
• cădä = about
• cliem = number
• chneap = to protect
  • chrăneap = fortress (chneap with patientive -r-)
• ing'ătseap = to leave, to abandon
• tsă'oam = village
• tălie = city, town
• tsnuf = shape
• ăłüth = color
• chă'uay = dark
• chpea = bright
• mătäng = war
• fuat = never
• flał = sweet
• ieng = to do
• meang = statement, sentence; verb
• săfnga = art
• cmas = (prep.) between
• mogmas = (noun) interval
• tsărir = east
• săcham = west (from a Proto-Tergetic word meaning to drown)
• meach = north
• tsăpräng = south (from a Proto-Tergetic word meaning west)
• tăle = land
• răsey = picture (noun)
• ristey = to imagine
• rithsey = to image (a Modern Windermere neologism)
• pida = (Ngronaism) religious sage
• Pda = Dr. (title for doctorates)
• șer = spring
• doach = summer
• prith = autumn
• srel = winter
• spey = healthy
  • thuspey = vigorous
  • săwpey = valid
• glan = straight
  • cănlăngcan = to stand straight; (morally) upright (etymology: FăL- gnomic reduplicant + ⟨ăng⟩ trigger + *àlkan 'straight')
• tneam = flat
• sănop = to touch
• lăwi = peace (Talmic *lawī)
• căfis = part
• hădech = hot
• rămec = ready
• răgean = free (Classical Windermere) (from PLak *ʔagHen with patientive ⟨r⟩)
  • răfongcean = to liberate
    • binrăfongcean = liberation
• pluam = free (Modern Windermere)
• că'üs = love
• ăscap = crap, heck, damn
  • ăsăfongcap = to hell with it
• să'il = sex

Function words

Conjunctions

• te = and
• uy = xor
• soas = or (either one of two)
• seam = but
• chăbec = but
• łuch șa = in order to
• yang = although
• șang = so that
• moang = relativizer
• nga = complementizer

Prepositions

• mi-: locative
• ya-: comitative
• șa-: allative
• ngie: "like"
• fa-: ablative
• tsip : without
• fe: by (passive)
• ło-: on
• tăngap: before
• woach: behind
• łăbie: after
• ba: through
• moang: of

Other particles

• fnga = potential
• thăgem = desiderative

Family

• ăma = mother
• ep = father
• ăma șir = grandmother
• ep șir = grandfather
• rith = son
• łäf = daughter
• flüech = brother
• eay = sister
• tăcats = uncle
• șășul = cousin

TODO: in-laws

Numbers

• ngits = 0 (calqued from Proto-Ashanic χam 'empty' through Talmic *ȝits- 'empty')
• do, doan = 1
• rath = 2
• stiw = 3
• smäch = 4
• müets = 5
• tach = 6
• ithoan = 7
• chräf = 8
• chăstie = 9
• thaf = 10

• thaf te-stiw = 13
• thaf te-smäch = 14

multiples of ten: thaf, liew, lidaf, raliew, müethaf, srüch, srüthaf, srüliew, srülidaf, preth

• preth = 100
• 'napreth = 1000
• rath thapreth te-thaf te-chlos = 2018

Ordinals: "First" is irregular: tăche. The other ordinal numbers use hi-: hirath, histiw, hismäch, .... "Last" is ămoach.

General

• wang = matter, affair
• făhew = help
• twi = harm
• yang = although
• ămoach = last

Colors

• sim = red
• leth = green
• cwie = yellow
• feas = white
• cdos = black
• ăłüth = color
• ăcrăłüth = colorful

Phrasebook

• Seth ya Pra = Hello (polite, to one person)
• Seth ya Impra = Hello (polite, to >1 people)
  • Seth ya łen = Hello (familiar, to one male)
  • Seth ya łes = Hello (familiar, to one female)
  • Seth ya łănam = Hello (familiar, to >1 people)
• Yu! = Bye! (very slangy; borrowed from Eevo)
• Tuath = Thank you
• Ra seaf? = How's it going? (informal)
• Ra seaf șa Pra? = How are you doing? (polite)
• Litra lăwi Pra/Impra? = How do you do? (formal/posh)
• Wăha. = Yes.
• Tieth. = No.
• Fid cǎnwies ngie cduay Tsear/Clăfap = That is Tseer/Clofabosin to me.