Yutch: Difference between revisions
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====Personal endings==== | ====Personal endings==== | ||
The following personal endings are used in the present tense: | |||
*''-(e)s'' in the third person singular (archaic: ''-(e)th'') | |||
*''-(e)st'' in the archaic second person singular | |||
Besides the above endings, only the highly irregular verb ''at est'' "to be" has differing personal forms. | |||
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Personal endings are added to the present and past stems. These stems are obtained from the 1S forms by removing the final ''-i'' if present. Note that if the 1S form does not end in ''-i'', the corresponding stem is identical to the 1S form. | Personal endings are added to the present and past stems. These stems are obtained from the 1S forms by removing the final ''-i'' if present. Note that if the 1S form does not end in ''-i'', the corresponding stem is identical to the 1S form. | ||
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'''Note:''' | '''Note:''' | ||
¹ Schwa ''-(e)-'' may be inserted before personal endings in the present tense depending on phonetics but never after vowels. | ¹ Schwa ''-(e)-'' may be inserted before personal endings in the present tense depending on phonetics but never after vowels. | ||
*In ''-(e)s'': Schwa is kept after ''-s-'', ''-z-'', ''-sj-'', ''-zj-'', ''-tj-'', and ''-dj-'' and dropped otherwise. | *In ''-(e)s'': Schwa is kept after ''-s-'', ''-z-'', ''-sj-'', ''-zj-'', ''-tj-'', and ''-dj-'' and dropped otherwise. | ||
Revision as of 14:13, 5 January 2023
Yutch (/jʌtʃ/) is a Gallo-Romance language closely related to Twench.
| Yutch | |
|---|---|
| Yutch | |
| Pronunciation | [jʌtʃ] |
| Created by | Shariifka |
Introduction
Etymology
Yutch is ultimately derived from Iuti, the Latin name for the Jutes.
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
Vowels
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Nouns
Nouns are not declined for case.
There in no grammatical gender besides natural gender (similar to English).
Plural is usually formed in -(e)s.
Articles
Precede the noun they modify.
- Definite article: le
- Indefinite article (only in the singular): a (before consonants), an (before vowels)
Pronouns
| Person/ Number | Subject | Object | Possessive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjective | Pronoun | |||
| 1S | you | me | my | mine |
| 2S (arch.) | tou | te | ty | tine |
| 3SM | el | el | sy | sine |
| 3SF | lay | lay | lay | lays |
| 3SN | lou | lou | louse | louse |
| 1P | noose | noose | noster | nosters |
| 2S+P | woose | woose | woster | wosters |
| 3P | else | else | lour | lours |
Numerals
| Cardinal | Ordinal | Fractional | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | null | nullem | — |
| 1 | une | prime | — |
| 2 | doose | second | demy |
| 3 | treece | terce | terce |
| 4 | quatter | quart | quart |
| 5 | cink | kint | kint |
| 6 | six | sixem | sixem |
| 7 | set | settem | settem |
| 8 | ought | oughtem | oughtem |
| 9 | noove | noovem | noovem |
| 10 | deace | deacem | deacem |
| 11 | onze | onzem | onzem |
| 12 | dozz | dozzem | dozzem |
| 13 | trezz | trezzem | trezzem |
| 14 | quatterze | quatterzem | quatterzem |
| 15 | kinze | kinzem | kinzem |
| 16 | sezz | sezzem | sezzem |
| 17 | setdiss | setdissem | setdissem |
| 20 | waint | waintem | waintem |
| 21 | waint-une | waint-prime | waint-unem |
| 30 | traint | traintem | traintem |
| 40 | quarant | quarantem | quarantem |
| 50 | cinkant | cinkantem | cinkantem |
| 60 | sixant | sixantem | sixantem |
| 70 | settant | settantem | settantem |
| 80 | oughtant | oughtantem | oughtantem |
| 90 | noovant | noovantem | noovantem |
| 100 | cent | centem | centem |
| 1000 | mill | millem | millem |
| 10⁶ | million | millionem | millionem |
Verbs
Principal parts
For the majority of verbs, the full conjugation can be determined from two principal parts: the (non-third person singular) simple present and the past participle.
These forms are given in dictionaries. Otherwise, the infinitive is used as the citation form.
Verb classes
Verbs may be regular or irregular.
In regular verbs, the past stem is derived regularly from the infinitive stem with the suffix -et (-t after final -e).
Irregular verbs form their past stem irregularly.
A few verbs have a past participle distinct from the past stem. For those verbs, the past tense is included as a citation form between the present and the past participle.
Personal endings
The following personal endings are used in the present tense:
- -(e)s in the third person singular (archaic: -(e)th)
- -(e)st in the archaic second person singular
Besides the above endings, only the highly irregular verb at est "to be" has differing personal forms. .
Examples of verbs
Syntax
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Example texts
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)
Toot human esters nasce liver et equal in dignitate et draights. Else son endootet of raison et conscience, et else deve at age of une alter in a spirit de frathertate.
/tuːt ˈçuːmən ˈɛstəɹz næs ˈlɪvəɹ ət iːkwəl ɪn ˈdɪɡnɪtət ət dɹeɪts ‖ ɛls sʌn ənˈdutət əv ˈɹeɪzən ət ˈkɔnʃəns | ət ɛls diːv æt eɪdʒ əv juːn ɔːltəɹ ɪn ə ˈspɪɹɪt də frɑːðəɹtət/