Umbrean/Examples: Difference between revisions

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'''Active''' - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.
'''Active''' - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.


fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw
"''fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw''"


{{Um-IPA|fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw}}
{{Um-IPA|fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw}}
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wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}}
wolf-{{sc|erg.s.indf}} {{sc|1s.acc}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf}}


A wolf bit me
"''A wolf bit me''"




'''Anti-Passive''' - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.
'''Anti-Passive''' - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.


fššedy ǧlovets
"''fššedy ǧlovets''"


{{Um-IPA|fššed-y ǧlov-ets}}
{{Um-IPA|fššed-y ǧlov-ets}}
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wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf}} bite-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}}
wolf-{{sc|int.s.indf}} bite-{{sc|1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont}}


A wolf is not biting <br> wolves don't bite
"''A wolf is not biting''" <br> "''wolves don't bite''"




'''Passive''' - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement
'''Passive''' - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement


tswë ǧlovukwš
"''tswë ǧlovukwš''"


{{Um-IPA|tswë ǧlovukwš}}
{{Um-IPA|tswë ǧlovukwš}}
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{{sc|1s.int}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term}}
{{sc|1s.int}} bite-{{sc|1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term}}


I stopped being bitten <br> I am stopping being bitten
"''I stopped being bitten''" <br> "''I am stopping being bitten''"


===Mood===
===Mood===
'''Indicative''' - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself
'''Indicative''' - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself


Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll
"''Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll''"


{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll}}
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll}}
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{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} see-{{sc|ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} see-{{sc|ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}


I will see the wolf now/soon
"''I will see the wolf now/soon''"


'''Optative''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel
'''Optative''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel


Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill
"''Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill''"


{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill}}
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill}}
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{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|opt}}>see-{{sc|opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|opt}}>see-{{sc|opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}


I want to see the wolf now/soon
"''I want to see the wolf now/soon''"


'''Subjunctive''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel
'''Subjunctive''' - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel


Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall
"''Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall''"


{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall}}
{{Um-IPA|Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall}}
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{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|sjv}}>see-{{sc|sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}
{{sc|1s.erg}} wolf-{{sc|acc.sg.def}} <{{sc|sjv}}>see-{{sc|sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep}}


I probably will see the wolf soon
"''I probably will see the wolf soon''"


===Circumstantial===
===Circumstantial===
[[Category:Umbrean]]
[[Category:Umbrean]]

Revision as of 17:16, 10 May 2013

Verb

VAT

Active - Example of active voice where the wolf is in ergative case and the speaker is in accusative case. Notice how the verbs VAT vowel is conjugated according to the object/Patient and not the subject.

"fššedyss tsümj ǧlovëssw"

/fʃ:edys: t͡sumj xlovɛsw:/

fššed-yss tsümj ǧlov-ëssw

wolf-erg.s.indf 1s.acc bite-1.aff.ind.act.pst.prf

"A wolf bit me"


Anti-Passive - Anti-passive voice, notice how the VAT vowel conjugates into a negative sense and only goes with the subject but also that it can take on a general or undefined meaning.

"fššedy ǧlovets"

/fʃ:ed-y xlov-et͡s/

fššed-y ǧlov-ets

wolf-int.s.indf bite-1.neg.ind.antip.prs.cont

"A wolf is not biting"
"wolves don't bite"


Passive - Passive voice, notice positive VAT and subject agreement

"tswë ǧlovukwš"

/t͡swɛ xlovʉkwʃ/

tswë ǧlov-ukwš

1s.int bite-1.aff.ind.pas.past/prs.term

"I stopped being bitten"
"I am stopping being bitten"

Mood

Indicative - Notice that there is no additional marking on the verb itself

"Tšees fššedylw vvidjooll"

/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw v:ɨdjo:l:/

Tšees fššed-ylw vvidj-ooll

1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def see-ind.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep

"I will see the wolf now/soon"

Optative - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel

"Tšees fššedylw avvidjliill"

/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw ɒv:ɨdjlɨ:l:/

Tšees fššed-ylw a>vvidj<l-iill

1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def <opt>see-opt.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep

"I want to see the wolf now/soon"

Subjunctive - Notice the frontal vowel, inter-L of the verb but also the vowel change on the last vowel

"Tšees fššedylw uuvvidjljaall"

/t͡ʃe:s fʃ:edylw ʉ:v:ɨdljɒ:l:/

Tšees fššed-ylw uu>vvidj<lj-aall

1s.erg wolf-acc.sg.def <sjv>see-sjv.aff.ind.3.liv.prs.incep

"I probably will see the wolf soon"

Circumstantial