Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

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| Within inside ('''nī-''') || nītiāke || nīmirte || nyukte

|-

| Near ('''mū(g)-''') || ~~mūtiāke~~ || ~~mūgmirte~~ || ~~mūgukte~~

| Near ('''ū(b)-''') || ūtiāke || ūmirte || ūbukte

|-

| Far ('''bis-''') || bistiāke || bismirte || bisukte

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| Physically attached; mounting an animal/a bike ('''tad-''') || tandiāke || tadmirte || tadukte

|-

| Hanging from; upside down ('''~~smi~~-''') || ~~smitiāke~~ || ~~smimirte~~ || ~~smyukte~~

| Hanging from; upside down ('''įs-''') || įstiāke || įsmirte || įsukte

|-

| In(to), inside ('''na(ñ)-''') || natiāke || namirte || nañukte

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| In a corner; on a border; at the limits of ('''vai-''') || vaitiāke || vaimirte || vayukte

|-

| Next to; alongside ('''šr-''') || ~~šṛtiāke~~ || ~~šṛmirte~~ || ~~šrukte~~

| Next to; alongside ('''ėle-''') || ėletiāke || ėlemirte || ėlayukte

|-

| In the center of ('''lū(s)-''') || ~~lūtiāke~~ || ~~lūmirte~~ || ~~lūsukte~~

| In the center of ('''lā(d)-''') || lātiāke || lāmirte || lādukte

|-

| On the left ('''vyā-''') || vyātiāke || vyāmirte || vyokte

|-

| On the right ('''~~jlь~~-''') || ~~jlitiāke~~ || ~~jlimirte~~ || ~~jliukte~~

| On the right ('''māha-''') || māhatiāke || māhamirte || māhokte

|-

| Facing; towards ('''~~keil~~-''') || ~~keiltiāke~~ || ~~keilmirte~~ || ~~keilukte~~

| Facing; towards ('''pid-''') || pindiāke || pidmirte || pidukte

|-

| Facing inside ('''~~na-kel~~-''') || ~~nakeltiāke~~ || ~~nakelmirte~~ || ~~nakelukte~~

| Facing inside; near the center; ''mot.:'' convergent ('''nilь-''') || nilьtiāke || nilьmirte || niliukte

|-

| Facing outside ~~('''kau-kel-''') || kokeltiāke || kokelmirte || kokelukte~~

| Facing outside; far from the center; ''mot.:'' divergent ('''vād-''') || vāndiāke || vādmirte || vādukte

|-

~~| Near to~~ the center (''~~'mū-lū(s)-~~''~~') || molūtiāke || molūmirte || molūsukte~~

|-

~~| Far from the center~~ ('''~~bis-lū(s)~~-''') || ~~bislūtiāke~~ || ~~bislūmirte~~ || ~~bislūsukte~~

|}

These basic forms have static meanings, and are always intransitive exterior verbs. Their causative forms translate the English verbs "to put", "to seat" and "to lay" respectively, and are transitive when exterior and intransitive (middle) when interior. Verbs equivalent to English ''to remain'' are formed by attaching these prefixes to the verb ''lįnake'' for the analogues of ''-tiā/-tim'' (e.g. ''tatiāke'' → ''lįnake''; ''āntiāke'' → ''āṃlįnake''; ''šutiāke'' → ''šulįnake'' and so on), while for the others (''to remain seated; to remain lying'') the construction ''lįnake + positional infinitive'' is used (e.g. ''tamirtelęnu'' "I remain seated").

Note that '''-tiā''' verbs all have their basic (present/imperative, subjunctive, hypothetical) stem in '''-tim-''': ''tatimu'', ''~~šṛtimu~~'', ''kautimu''...

Note that '''-tiā''' verbs all have their basic (present/imperative, subjunctive, hypothetical) stem in '''-tim-''': ''tatimu'', ''ėletimu'', ''kautimu''...

These verbs all use two different place arguments: ''actual position'', which requires '''locative''' case, and ''relative position'', requiring '''exessive''' case. The latter often denotes non-inclusion in the mentioned place. Some examples:

# ''jñūmat'' ~~jlitimu~~. tree-EX.SG. stand.right.of.IND.PRES-1SG.EXT.PATIENT.TRG. I'm standing to the right of the tree.

# ''jñūmat'' māhatimu. tree-EX.SG. stand.right.of.IND.PRES-1SG.EXT.PATIENT.TRG. I'm standing to the right of the tree.

# ''domañe'' vaimertu. room-LOC.SG. be.seated.in.corner.IND.PRES-1SG.EXT.PATIENT.TRG. I'm sitting in a corner of the room.

# ''domanat'' vaimertu. room-EX.SG. be.seated.in.corner.IND.PRES-1SG.EXT.PATIENT.TRG. I'm sitting in a corner outside the room.

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: ''liliai domani namirte kilmimьsŏ'' "we talk while sitting in my room".

Note that some locations are often expressed with the last one anyway, especially if they're idiomatic — a notable example being ''yųljavyī ~~mūtime~~/~~mūmirte~~'' "standing/sitting in the kitchen", as ''yųljavyāh'' originally meant "fire for [cooking] food" and while it later was extended to "kitchen" the location is still expressed as such ("in the kitchen" = "near the fire").

Note that some locations are often expressed with the last one anyway, especially if they're idiomatic — a notable example being ''yųljavyī ūtime/ūmirte'' "standing/sitting in the kitchen", as ''yųljavyāh'' originally meant "fire for [cooking] food" and while it later was extended to "kitchen" the location is still expressed as such ("in the kitchen" = "near the fire").

====Motion verbs - Duldaradhūvī====

@@ Line 521: / Line 521: @@
 | Within inside ('''nī-''') || nītiāke || nīmirte || nyukte
 |-
-| Near ('''mū(g)-''') || mūtiāke || mūgmirte || mūgukte
+| Near ('''ū(b)-''') || ūtiāke || ūmirte || ūbukte
 |-
 | Far ('''bis-''') || bistiāke || bismirte || bisukte
@@ Line 527: / Line 527: @@
 | Physically attached; mounting an animal/a bike ('''tad-''') || tandiāke || tadmirte || tadukte
 |-
-| Hanging from; upside down ('''smi-''') || smitiāke || smimirte || smyukte
+| Hanging from; upside down ('''įs-''') || įstiāke || įsmirte || įsukte
 |-
 | In(to), inside ('''na(ñ)-''') || natiāke || namirte || nañukte
@@ Line 543: / Line 543: @@
 | In a corner; on a border; at the limits of ('''vai-''') || vaitiāke || vaimirte || vayukte
 |-
-| Next to; alongside ('''šr-''') || šṛtiāke || šṛmirte || šrukte
+| Next to; alongside ('''ėle-''') || ėletiāke || ėlemirte || ėlayukte
 |-
-| In the center of ('''lū(s)-''') || lūtiāke || lūmirte || lūsukte
+| In the center of ('''lā(d)-''') || lātiāke || lāmirte || lādukte
 |-
 | On the left ('''vyā-''') || vyātiāke || vyāmirte || vyokte
 |-
-| On the right ('''jlь-''') || jlitiāke || jlimirte || jliukte
+| On the right ('''māha-''') || māhatiāke || māhamirte || māhokte
 |-
-| Facing; towards ('''keil-''') || keiltiāke || keilmirte || keilukte
+| Facing; towards ('''pid-''') || pindiāke || pidmirte || pidukte
 |-
-| Facing inside ('''na-kel-''') || nakeltiāke || nakelmirte || nakelukte
+| Facing inside; near the center; <small>''mot.:'' convergent</small> ('''nilь-''') || nilьtiāke || nilьmirte || niliukte
 |-
-| Facing outside ('''kau-kel-''') || kokeltiāke || kokelmirte || kokelukte
+| Facing outside; far from the center; <small>''mot.:'' divergent</small> ('''vād-''') || vāndiāke || vādmirte || vādukte
-|-
-| Near to the center ('''mū-lū(s)-''') || molūtiāke || molūmirte || molūsukte
-|-
-| Far from the center ('''bis-lū(s)-''') || bislūtiāke || bislūmirte || bislūsukte
 |}
 These basic forms have static meanings, and are always intransitive exterior verbs.<br/>Their causative forms translate the English verbs "to put", "to seat" and "to lay" respectively, and are transitive when exterior and intransitive (middle) when interior. Verbs equivalent to English ''to remain'' are formed by attaching these prefixes to the verb ''lįnake'' for the analogues of ''-tiā/-tim'' (e.g. ''tatiāke'' → ''lįnake''; ''āntiāke'' → ''āṃlįnake''; ''šutiāke'' → ''šulįnake'' and so on), while for the others (''to remain seated; to remain lying'') the construction ''lįnake + positional infinitive'' is used (e.g. ''tamirtelęnu'' "I remain seated").
-Note that '''-tiā''' verbs all have their basic (present/imperative, subjunctive, hypothetical) stem in '''-tim-''': ''tatimu'', ''šṛtimu'', ''kautimu''...
+Note that '''-tiā''' verbs all have their basic (present/imperative, subjunctive, hypothetical) stem in '''-tim-''': ''tatimu'', ''ėletimu'', ''kautimu''...
 These verbs all use two different place arguments: ''actual position'', which requires '''locative''' case, and ''relative position'', requiring '''exessive''' case. The latter often denotes non-inclusion in the mentioned place. Some examples:
-# ''jñūmat'' jlitimu.<br/>tree-<small>EX</small>.<small>SG</small>. stand.right.of.<small>IND</small>.<small>PRES</small>-<small>1SG</small>.<small>EXT</small>.<small>PATIENT.TRG</small>.<br/>I'm standing to the right of the tree.
+# ''jñūmat'' māhatimu.<br/>tree-<small>EX</small>.<small>SG</small>. stand.right.of.<small>IND</small>.<small>PRES</small>-<small>1SG</small>.<small>EXT</small>.<small>PATIENT.TRG</small>.<br/>I'm standing to the right of the tree.
 # ''domañe'' vaimertu.<br/>room-<small>LOC</small>.<small>SG</small>. be.seated.in.corner.<small>IND</small>.<small>PRES</small>-<small>1SG</small>.<small>EXT</small>.<small>PATIENT.TRG</small>.<br/>I'm sitting in a corner of the room.
 # ''domanat'' vaimertu.<br/>room-<small>EX</small>.<small>SG</small>. be.seated.in.corner.<small>IND</small>.<small>PRES</small>-<small>1SG</small>.<small>EXT</small>.<small>PATIENT.TRG</small>.<br/>I'm sitting in a corner outside the room.
@@ Line 595: / Line 591: @@
 : ''liliai domani namirte kilmimьsŏ'' "we talk while sitting in my room".
-Note that some locations are often expressed with the last one anyway, especially if they're idiomatic — a notable example being ''yųljavyī mūtime/mūmirte'' "standing/sitting in the kitchen", as ''yųljavyāh'' originally meant "fire for [cooking] food" and while it later was extended to "kitchen" the location is still expressed as such ("in the kitchen" = "near the fire").
+Note that some locations are often expressed with the last one anyway, especially if they're idiomatic — a notable example being ''yųljavyī ūtime/ūmirte'' "standing/sitting in the kitchen", as ''yųljavyāh'' originally meant "fire for [cooking] food" and while it later was extended to "kitchen" the location is still expressed as such ("in the kitchen" = "near the fire").
 ====Motion verbs - Duldaradhūvī====