Häskä
Häskä | |
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Created by | IlL |
Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Lakovic
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Häskä (dülut Häskä /dylut hæskæ/; modern: sä dülut Häskä Bjeheond: [sɛ dʉlut hɛskɛ]; Fəxom: [sa dʉlut haska]) is a Lakovic language with an Amharic- and Malay-inspired aesthetic. Modern Häskä is Tricin's lingua franca, and is official in the USB, Tumhan and Fəxom.
consonantism is conservative (except p > f); vowels harmonize
Phonology
Consonants
Labial | Alveolar | Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | ñ /ŋ/ | ||||
Stop | plain | (p /p/) | t /t/ | k /k/ | ʔ /ʔ/ | ||
voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | g /g/ | ||||
Fricative | f /f/ | s /s/ | x /ɬ/ | š /ʃ/ | h /h/ | ||
Affricate | c /ts/ | q /tɬ/ | č /tʃ/ | ||||
Approximant | w /w/ | r /r/ | l /l/ | y /j/ |
Vowels
a e i o u ä ə ü /ɑ e i o u æ ə ʉ/
in modern Häskä: ä-e merger in Bjeheondian Häskä, ä-a merger in Fəxomese Häskä
Stress
Stress is usually penultimate.
Morphology
Nouns
Häska nouns are either masculine or feminine. The feminine marker is -i (from Proto-Lakovic *-s).
Classical Häskä: Austronesian alignment?
Modern Häskä number markers:
- sä = singular
- ta = plural
- hän = collective
Verbs
Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.
In the imperative, the subject is omitted. The cohortative ('let's VERB') uses the form VERB-yac.
Aspect
Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication.
Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (F) or last consonant (L)
- imperfective/stative = unmarked
- perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with em- for others
- prospective = hef- (closest equivalent of future tense)
- momentane = bla-
- progressive = ăL-
- gnomic = FăL-
- frequentative = eNFă-
- inchoative/inceptive = oLă-
- graduative = tăFa-
Intensive
- thu- = intensive prefix
Voice affixes
Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed.
- ‹ăc› = Dynamic passive
- ‹ră›, ‹wă› = Stative passive
- ‹ăb› = Reflexive
Trigger affixes
- ‹ăn/ăng› = Applicative trigger
- ‹ith› = Locative trigger
- ‹ăw› = Instrumental trigger
- ‹ăfong› = Destination trigger
- ‹ălis› = Comitative trigger
- ‹ăm› = Source/cause trigger
- ‹ăchem› = Benefactive/purpose trigger
- ‹ărea› = Malefactive trigger
Derivational morphology
- yə- = adjectivizer