Yutch

Yutch (/jʌtʃ/) is a Gallo-Romance language closely related to Twench.

Yutch
Yutch
Pronunciation	[jʌtʃ]
Created by	Shariifka
Language family	Indo-European Romance Western Romance Gallo-Romance Yutch

Introduction

Etymology

Yutch is ultimately derived from Iuti, the Latin name for the Jutes.

Phonology

Orthography

Alphabet

Letter Name IPA A a a [eɪ] B b bee [biː] C c cee [siː] D d dee [diː] E e e [iː] F f eff [ɛf] G g gee [d͡ʒiː] H h haitch [heɪt͡ʃʰ] I i i [aɪ]

Letter Name IPA J j jay [d͡ʒeɪ] K k kay [kʰeɪ] L l el [ɛɫ] M m em [ɛm] N n en [ɛn] O o o [oʊ] P p pee [pʰiː] Q q que [kʰjuː] R r ar [ɑɹ]

Letter Name IPA S s ess [ɛs] T t tee [tʰiː] U u u [juː] V v vee [viː] W w double-u [dʌbəɫ.juː] X x ex [ɛkʰs] Y y wye [waɪ] Z z zed [zɛd]

Morphology

Nouns

Nouns are not declined for case.

There in no grammatical gender besides natural gender (similar to English).

Plural is usually formed in -(e)s.

The possessive is formed in -'s (-' after -s).

Adjectives

Adjectives precede the noun they modify.

Adjectives do not decline for case, gender, or number.

Adverbs

Manner adverbs are formed from the corresponding adjectives with the suffix -ment.

Some adjectives form irregular adverbs. For example:

• bone "good" > bean "well"
• malvatch "bad" > male "badly"

Articles

Precede the noun they modify.

• Definite article: le /lə, (stressed) liː/
• Indefinite article (only in the singular):
• Before consonants: a /ə/
• Before vowels: an /ən/

Pronouns

Person/ Number	Subject	Object	Possessive
			Adjective	Pronoun
1S	you /juː/	me /miː/	my /maɪ/	mine /maɪn/
2S (arch.)	tou /taʊ/	te /tiː/	ty /taɪ/	tine /taɪn/
3SM	ill /ɪl/	le /liː/	sy /saɪ/	sine /saɪn/
3SF	ell /ɛl/	lay /leɪ/	lay /leɪ/	lays /leɪz/
3SN	louth /laʊθ/	louth /laʊθ/	louths /laʊθs/	louths /laʊθs/
1P	noose /nuːs/	noose /nuːs/	noster /nʌstər/	nosters /nʌstərz/
2S+P	woose /wuːs/	woose /wuːs/	woster /wʌstər/	wosters /wʌstərz/
3P	lie /laɪ/	else /ɛls/	lour /laʊər/	lours /laʊərz/

Numerals

Twench numerals

	Cardinal		Ordinal		Fractional
	Orth.	IPA	Orth.	IPA	Orth.	IPA
0	null	/nʊl/	nullem	/ˈnʊləm/	—
1	une	/juːn/	prime	/praɪm/	—
2	doose	/duːs/	second	/ˈsɛkənd/	demy	/ˈdɛmi/
3	treece	/triːs/	terch	/tɜrtʃ/	terch	/tɜrtʃ/
4	quatter	/ˈkwɒtər/	quart	/kwɔrt/	quart	/kwɔrt/
5	chink	/tʃɪŋk/	kint	/kɪnt/	kint	/kɪnt/
6	six	/sɪks/	sixt	/sɪkst/	sixt	/sɪkst/
7	set	/sɛt/	settem	/ˈsɛtəm/	settem	/ˈsɛtəm/
8	aught	/ɔːt/	aughtem		aughtem
9	nove	/noʊv/	novem		novem
10	deach	/diːtʃ/	deachem		deachem
11	onge	/ɒndʒ/	ongem		ongem
12	dodge	/dɔdʒ/	dodgem		dodgem
13	tredge	/trɛdʒ/	tredgem		tredgem
14	quatterge	/ˈkwɒtərdʒ/	quattergem		quattergem
15	kinge	/kɪndʒ/	kingem		kingem
16	sedge	/sɛdʒ/	sedgem		sedgem
17	setditch	/ˈsɛt.dɪtʃ/	setditchem		setditchem
20	waint	/weɪnt/	waintem		waintem
21	waint-une	/ˌweɪnt.ˈ(j)uːn/	waint-prime		waint-unem
30	traint	/treɪnt/	traintem		traintem
40	quarant	/ˈkwɔrənt/	quarantem		quarantem
50	chinkant	/ˈtʃɪŋkənt/	chinkantem		chinkantem
60	sixant	/ˈsɪksənt/	sixantem		sixantem
70	settant	/ˈsetənt/	settantem		settantem
80	aughtant	/ˈɔːtənt/	aughtantem		aughtantem
90	novant	/ˈnoʊvənt/	novantem		novantem
100	chent	/tʃɛnt/	chentem		chentem
1000	mill	/mɪl/	millem		millem
10⁶	million	/ˈmɪl.jɪn/	millionem		millionem

Verbs

Principal parts

For the majority of verbs, the full conjugation can be determined from two principal parts: the (non-third person singular) simple present and the past participle.

These forms are given in dictionaries. Otherwise, the infinitive is used as the citation form.

Verb classes

Verbs may be regular or irregular.

In regular verbs, the past stem and past participle are derived regularly from the infinitive stem with the suffix -et (-t after final -e).

Irregular verbs form their past stem irregularly.

Some irregular verbs have a past participle distinct from the past stem. For those verbs, the past tense is included as a citation form between the present and the past participle.

Personal endings

The following personal endings are used in the present tense:

• -(e)s in the third person singular (archaic: -(e)th)
• -(e)st in the archaic second person singular

Besides the above endings, only the highly irregular verb at est "to be" has differing personal forms.

Tenses

As in English, continuous tenses are formed with the verb at est followed by the present participle, and the perfect is formed with the verb at have "to have" followed by the past participle.

The future is formed with the modal verb woll "will" followed by the bare infinitive.

Voice

The passive is formed with the verb at est "to be" followed by the past participle.

Non-finite forms

Infinitive: at + present stem

Bare infinitive: present stem

Present participle: present stem + -(e)nt

Past participle: past stem

Negation and Interrogation

Negation of verbs is ordinarily accomplished using the word neen "not" (which can be abbreviated as 'n).

Negation and interrogation use the conjugated helping verb at fay "to do" followed by the bare infinitive. This construction can also be used in positive sentences for emphasis. Examples:

• You cant. "I sing." > You fay neen cant. "I do not sing." / You fay'n cant. "I don't sing."
• Ill dorms. "He sleeps." > Fays ill dorm? "Does he sleep?"
• Ell manges. "She eats." > Keeth fays ell mange? "What does she eat?"
• Lie wise. "They saw." > Lie fiss weethe. "They did see."

Modal verbs do not use the helping verb. Examples:

• You pote neen dorm. "I cannot sleep"

Archaically, non-modal verbs can likewise form their negation and interrogation without the helping verb. Examples:

• You cant neen. "I sing not."
• Dorms ill? "Sleeps he?"
• Keeth manges ell? "What eats she?"

Examples of verbs

Regular - at cant "to sing"

Conjugation of at cant "to sing"

Infinitive		at cant
Present participle		cantent
Past participle		cantet
	Present	Past	Imperative
you	cant	cantet
tou	cantest	cantetst	cant
ill/ell/louth	cants	cantet
noose	cant	cantet
woose	cant	cantet	cant
lie	cant	cantet

Irregular - at cathe "to fall"

Conjugation of at cathe "to fall"

Infinitive		at cathe
Present participle		cathent
Past participle		case
	Present	Past	Imperative
you	cathe	case
tou	cathest	casest	cathe
ill/ell/louth	cathes	case
noose	cathe	case
woose	cathe	case	cathe
lie	cathe	case

Irregular - at die "to say"

Conjugation of at die "to say"

Infinitive		at die
Present participle		dient
Past participle		diss
	Present	Past	Imperative
you	die	diss
tou	diest	dissest	die
ill/ell/louth	dies	diss
noose	die	diss
woose	die	diss	die
lie	die	diss

Irregular - at est "to be"

Conjugation of at est "to be"

Infinitive		at est
Present participle		estent
Past participle		estet
	Present	Past	Imperative
you	son	fow
tou	ist	fowst	est
ill/ell/louth	is	fow
noose	son	fore
woose	son	fore	est
lie	son	fore

Irregular: at have "to have"

Conjugation of at have "to have"

Infinitive		at have
Present participle		havent
Past participle		hat
	Present	Past	Imperative
you	have	hat
tu	hast	hatst	have
ill/ell/louth	has	hat
noose	have	hat
woose	have	hat	have
lie	have	hat	have

Irregular - at fay "to do"

Conjugation of at fay "to do"

Infinitive		at fay
Present participle		fayent
Past participle		fiss
	Present	Past	Imperative
you	fay	fiss
tou	fayest	fissest	fay
ill/ell/louth	fays	fiss
noose	fay	fiss
woose	fay	fiss	fay
lie	fay	fiss

Modal verbs

• woll "will"; woult "would"
  • Woll contracts with neen as wo'n.
  • Woll and woult can contract as 'll and 't respectively.
• pote "can"; poss "could"
• deve "should, must"

Example texts

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1)

Toot human estants nash liver et equal in dignitate et draights. Lie son endootet of raison et conscience, et lie deve at age of une alter in a spirit de frathertate.

/tuːt ˈçuːmən ˈɛstənts næʃ ˈlɪvəɹ ət iːkwəl ɪn ˈdɪɡnɪtət ət dɹeɪts ‖ laɪ sʌn ənˈduːtət əv ˈɹeɪzən ət ˈkɔnʃəns | ət laɪ diːv æt eɪdʒ əv juːn ɔːltəɹ ɪn ə ˈspɪɹɪt də frɑːðəɹtət/

Other resources

Swadesh list