Shum
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| Shum | |
|---|---|
| llhau syuun | |
| Created by | Praimhín |
| Setting | Verse:Tricin |
Hlou-Shum
| |
Shum (shoom; native name llhau syuun) is a Hlou-Shum language inspired by Marathi, Hmong and one of IlL's old sketches, Reber Wiebian.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Initials
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Retroflex Lateral | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless stop | p /p/ | tt /t̪/ | t /ʈ/ | tl /ʈᶩ/ | c /c/ | k /k/ | |||
| Aspirated stop | ph /pʰ/ | tth /t̪ʰ/ | th /ʈʰ/ | tlh /ʈᶩʰ/ | ch /cʰ/ | kh /kʰ/ | |||
| Voiced stop | b /b/ | dd /d̪/ | d /ɖ/ | dl /ɖᶩ/ | j /ɟ/ | g /ɡ/ | |||
| Murmured stop | bh /bʰ/ | ddh /d̪ʰ/ | dh /ɖʰ/ | dlh /ɖᶩʰ/ | jh /ɟʰ/ | gh /ɡʰ/ | |||
| Nasal | m /m/ | nn /n̪/ | n /ɳ/ | nl /ɳᶩ/ | nj /ɲ/ | ||||
| Murmured nasal | mh /mʰ/ | nnh /n̪ʰ/ | nh /ɳʰ/ | nlh /ɳᶩʰ/ | njh /ɲʰ/ | ||||
| Fricative | ss /s/ | s /ʂ/ | sy /ç~ɕ/ | h /h/ | |||||
| Approximant | v /ʋ/ | ll /l/ | l /ɺ̢/ | y /j/ | |||||
| Murmured approximant | vh /ʋʰ/ | llh /lʰ/ | lh /ɺ̢ʰ/ | ||||||
| Trill | r /r/ |
Rimes
- aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a mid (33) tone (spelled at it ut ah ih uh)
- aʔ iʔ uʔ ahᵃ ihⁱ uhᵘ with a low (22) tone (spelled att itt utt aha ihi uhu)
- a: e: i: o: u: ai au am~ã: em~ẽ: im~ĩ: om~õ: um~ũ: (spelled a e i o u ai au aa ee ii oo uu) with mid (33), low (21), rising (25), falling (41), dipping (313 with creaky voice on the 1), and high dipping tone (434) tones; the tone letters are as follows:
| Tone | Mid | Low | Rising | Falling | Dipping | High dipping |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spelling | n | b | d | j | s |
Registers
There are two main registers of Shumian, traditionally called White (Syuun Bhaan) and Green (Syuun Dlas). The main difference is that White Shumian uses lots of loans from Rhythoed.
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Shumian is completely isolating and head-initial.
- laan (I), mhais (boat) ⇒ mhais laan (my boat)
- ruub (eye), be (water) ⇒ be ruub (tears)
Pronouns
Shumian pronouns are based on rank, not person or gender. (laan is used only in textbooks)
Numbers
Syntax
Word order is SVO; adjectives and relative clauses come before nouns; there are postpositions instead of prepositions; determiners and classifiers are placed before the noun; complementizers are head-initial.
Constituent order
Noun phrase
Verb phrase
Sentence phrase
Dependent clauses
Lexicon
- nlhaha 'fire'
- be 'water'
- laan 'I'
- mhais 'boat'