Holenagic
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| Holenagic | |
|---|---|
| Hgâhlenaihduq hfrahb ê Ngâhlenaid | |
| Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|[[ˈɣɔɬənæjuq] [ˈɔː i ˈŋɔɬənatʃ]]]] |
| Created by | Lili21 |
| Date | Sep 2017 |
| Setting | Calémere |
| Ethnicity | Holenagics |
| Native speakers | 16,000,000 (2312) |
Evandorian languages
| |
Holenagic — natively called Hgâhlenaihduq [ˈɣɔɬənæjuq] or hfrahb ê Ngâhlenaid [ˈɔː i ˈŋɔɬənatʃ] or, rarely, hfrahb uir qehfthlehgar [ˈɔː irʲ ˈq͡χeːtʰɬe.ər] — is a language of the planet of Calémere, spoken natively by about 13 million people on Holenagika (Hol.: Ngâhlenaid [ˈɣɔɬənatʃ] Ísc.: Holenágieca; Cer.: Holenájica; Chl.: Hålinaica), Calémere's largest island, located in the northwestern corner of Evandor (mostly covered by mountains, taiga, and tundra in the north).
It is an Evandorian language and an isolate in the family, as it developed early enough to have its own peculiarities, not shared with any other Evandorian language, both in the sounds and in the grammar.It also keeps a highly etymological orthography, with many silent letters, as in hdieigv "road" /iːvʲ/ [iːvʲ] (Western Holenagic dialects: /iː/), siôhp "fruit" /ɕef/ [ɕew], or hfrahb "language" /ɔː/ [ɔː].
External History
Holenagic is a language I have rebuilt from scratch many times. Its first version had a Lithuanian-like orthography but was very un-Lithuanian-sounding, then I began to change it in order to have something that was not really like the languages near it. After all, as Holenagica is a large island at the periphery of Evandor, it kinda made sense to have unusual features in it. So I settled for it to be the outlier of the family, with unusual sounds among Evandorian languages and an opaque, very conservative orthography. My main inspirations behind it are Irish, Klingon, and Icelandic.
Morphophonology
Morphology
Mutations
Nouns
Verbs
Present tense
The present tense endings are agglutinative, but all of them except 2SG and 3SG are added to the extended stem instead of the infinitive one (with the exception of 2PL if the extended stem ends in -ṅ).
| 1SG | 2SG | 3SG | 1PL | 2PL | 3PL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Written | -* | -uis | -vṅ | -*viehh | -*hr | -*ves |
| Common pronunciation | ∅ | -uʃ | -wəŋ | -vlʲəx | -r̥ | -vlʲəʃ |
Examples:
- hjeilshn /ˈçiːʎəsʲn̥/ "to read", no ext. stem : hjeilshn, hjeilshnuis [ˈçiːʎəsʲn̥uʃ], hjeilshnvṅ [ˈçiːʎəsʲn̥əu̯ŋ], hjeilshnviehh [ˈçiːʎəsʲn̥ix], hjeilshnhr [ˈçiːʎəsʲn̥ər̥], hjeilsnves [ˈçiːʎəsʲn̥ɪu̯ʃ]
- ehd /ˈeː/ "to go out", ext. stem ehdṅ- : ehdṅ [ˈeɪ̯əŋ], ehduis [ˈeɣuʃ], ehdvṅ [ˈe(ɪ̯)wːəŋ], ehdṅviehh [ˈeɪ̯ŋvlʲəx], ehdhr [eɪ̯r̥] ehdṅves [eɪ̯ŋvlʲəʃ]
- orehg /oˈrʲeɪ̯/ "to carry", ext. stem orehgl-: orehgl [oˈrʲeːʎ], orehguis [oˈrʲeɣuʃ], orehglvṅ [oˈrʲeːlᵞuŋ] orehglviehh [oˈrʲeːlᵞvlʲəx], orehghr [oˈrʲeːr̥], orehglves [oˈrʲeːlᵞvlʲəʃ]
Reflexive verbs use the following endings (all of them after the extended stem):
| 1SG | 2SG | 3SG | 1PL | 2PL | 3PL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Written | -ohbd | -yhbd | -vuds | -eshb | -ykhbo | -vehhds |
| Common pronunciation | -oʊ̯d | -yːd | -vudz | -eʃoʊ̯ | -ytɕwo | -weːdz |
- bods orehg /bodz oˈrʲeɪ̯/ "to go", ext. stem orehgl- : orehglohbd [oˈrʲeɪ̯lᵞoʊ̯d], orehglyhbd [oˈrʲeɪ̯ʎyːd], orehglvyds [oˈrʲeɪ̯lᵞvudz], orehgleshb [oˈrʲeɪ̯ʎeʃoʊ̯], orehglykhbo [oˈrʲeɪ̯ʎytɕwo], orehglvehhds [oˈrʲeɪ̯lᵞweːdz]-->