Lakovic languages/Swadesh list
The following is a comparative Swadesh list for Proto-Lakovic and selected Lakovic languages.
1-19 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | riH | rie | ri | ri | |||
| 2 | thou | śen (m); śe(n)s (f) | łen (m); łes (f) | xen (m); xeex (f) | ||||
| 3 | he; she; it | ʔin (m); ʔins (f) | in (m); is (f) | in (m); iix (f) | ||||
| 4 | we | tsa (exc); bang (inc) | txam (exc); baa (inc) | |||||
| 5 | you | łănam | ??? | |||||
| 6 | they | ănam | ??? | |||||
| 7 | this | se | se | ti | ||||
| 8 | that | pi | fi | fi | ||||
| 9 | here | rădun se, dunse | mit | |||||
| 10 | there | rădun fi, dunfi | mif | |||||
| 11 | who | khora | ||||||
| 12 | what | ra | ||||||
| 13 | where | rădun ra, dura | mira | |||||
| 14 | when | |||||||
| 15 | how | |||||||
| 16 | not | diH | die | dii | ||||
| 17 | all | car | tsor | vikhon | ||||
| 18 | many | imHe | mea | imee | ||||
| 19 | some | toj | ||||||
20-39 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 20 | few | hanib | ||||||
| 21 | other | nătha | am | |||||
| 22 | one | ndHon | doan | |||||
| 23 | two | uHrät | rath | oorad | ||||
| 24 | three | atsiw | stiw | txiv | ||||
| 25 | four | amsHäk | smäch | khaag | ||||
| 26 | five | umsHut | müets | omøøtx | ||||
| 27 | big | šir | șir | khir | ||||
| 28 | long | ṛbHoŋ | bruang | aavruu | ||||
| 29 | wide | ḷgäb | glep (expected glap, influenced by clef 'heavy') | *awkhab | ||||
| 30 | thick | baHnog | pănuc | |||||
| 31 | heavy | agleHp | clef (expected cleaf, influenced by glep 'wide') | akheef | ||||
| 32 | small | aHdaj | doy | |||||
| 33 | short | ŋäj | ngay | |||||
| 34 | narrow | aclus | tslüs | |||||
| 35 | thin | sret | sreth | khet | ||||
| 36 | woman | sǎmeang | ||||||
| 37 | man (male) |
noaf | rakim | |||||
| 38 | person | lakof | croth | wako | ||||
| 39 | child (a youth) |
akHat | chäth | akaad | ||||
40-59 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 40 | wife | |||||||
| 41 | husband | |||||||
| 42 | mother | Hama | ăma | amaa | ||||
| 43 | father | ep | ev | |||||
| 44 | animal | drHim | triem | |||||
| 45 | fish | tap | thof | rab | ||||
| 46 | bird | rHuk | rüech | |||||
| 47 | dog | atäw | thaw | arav | ||||
| 48 | louse | cid | tsit | |||||
| 49 | snake | Hlir | lier | |||||
| 50 | worm | ogiŋ | ging | |||||
| 51 | tree | ipsuš | spüș | |||||
| 52 | forest | uskej | scey | ukeđđe | ||||
| 53 | stick (of wood) |
bi-tän | păthan | |||||
| 54 | fruit | mHont | muad | |||||
| 55 | seed | draHs | troas | |||||
| 56 | leaf | egnol | cnul | |||||
| 57 | root | qäpand | ăfod | |||||
| 58 | bark (of tree) |
eglest | cleath | |||||
| 59 | flower | jär | yar | xar | yär | |||
60-79 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 60 | grass | nrpät | năfrath | |||||
| 61 | rope | besel | păsel | |||||
| 62 | skin (of a person) |
minew | mănew | |||||
| 63 | meat (as in flesh) |
ṛso | răsu | |||||
| 64 | blood | abreH | prea | |||||
| 65 | bone | ṇwok | ăwoch | |||||
| 66 | fat (noun) |
šuŋ | șüng | |||||
| 67 | egg | agrit | crith | |||||
| 68 | horn | mbräž | bräy | |||||
| 69 | tail | beniH | pănie | |||||
| 70 | feather (rather not down) |
npsŋä | spănga | |||||
| 71 | hair | ipnäw | fnaw | |||||
| 72 | head | ŋHu | ngüe | |||||
| 73 | ear | aspHel | speal | |||||
| 74 | eye | ṃbit | bith | |||||
| 75 | nose | gṛqi | cră'i | |||||
| 76 | mouth | ŋswak | swach | twag | ||||
| 77 | tooth (rather not molar) |
ḷkoś | gloł | |||||
| 78 | tongue | edrok | troch | |||||
| 79 | fingernail | śṇdiH | łădie | |||||
80-99 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 80 | foot | rsob | srup | |||||
| 81 | leg | wämp | wab | |||||
| 82 | knee | muHd? mudH | müt | |||||
| 83 | hand | lpen | flen | |||||
| 84 | wing | ktsaHol | chtsual | |||||
| 85 | belly | msaH | smä | |||||
| 86 | guts | lboH | blua | |||||
| 87 | neck | qnel | nel | |||||
| 88 | back | tome | thăme | |||||
| 89 | breast | doc (Talmic) | ||||||
| 90 | heart | Hros? roz? | ruas | |||||
| 91 | liver | tsaHläw | tsălaw | |||||
| 92 | to drink | ŋxur | hür | roob | ||||
| 93 | to eat | crin | tsrin | |||||
| 94 | to bite | lișcoł | ||||||
| 95 | to suck | mej | mey | |||||
| 96 | to spit | mbarH | boar | |||||
| 97 | to vomit | glHus | clües | |||||
| 98 | to blow (as wind) |
ksät | scath | khoo | ||||
| 99 | to breathe | tsäś | tsał | |||||
100-119 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 100 | to laugh | täpi | tăfi | |||||
| 101 | to see | dHož | tuay | |||||
| 102 | to hear | |||||||
| 103 | to know (a fact) |
aHdä, nsär | da, mot mi snar | |||||
| 104 | to think | greH | crea | |||||
| 105 | to smell (sense odor) |
srua | ||||||
| 106 | to fear | ponäk | mot mi fănach | |||||
| 107 | to sleep | nmHeg | tmeac | |||||
| 108 | to live | mărit | faay | |||||
| 109 | to die | ṛ-tkä | răchta | |||||
| 110 | to kill | šegi | șămci | |||||
| 111 | to fight | bago | pgu | |||||
| 112 | to hunt (transitive) |
arkaj | răchoy | |||||
| 113 | to hit | xśer | łer | |||||
| 114 | to cut | Hlen | lean | |||||
| 115 | to split | tomo | thămu | |||||
| 116 | to stab (or stick) |
jäst | yäth | |||||
| 117 | to scratch (an itch) |
qodar | ător | |||||
| 118 | to dig | modil | mătil | |||||
| 119 | to swim | śämäj | łămay | |||||
120-139 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 120 | to fly | xlot | lut | |||||
| 121 | to walk | qseHp | seaf | |||||
| 122 | to come | rdel | drel | |||||
| 123 | to lie (as on one's side) |
xdal | tol | |||||
| 124 | to sit | Hdor | dur | |||||
| 125 | to stand | Hbläŋ | plang | |||||
| 126 | to turn (change direction) |
gmäc | crămats | |||||
| 127 | to fall (as in drop) |
śobäw | łăpaw | |||||
| 128 | to give | ruH | rüe | |||||
| 129 | to hold (in one's hand) |
gwiś | cwił | |||||
| 130 | to squeeze | pHliq | flie | |||||
| 131 | to rub | tonenH | thăned | |||||
| 132 | to wash | druq | tișrü | |||||
| 133 | to wipe | ʔiHt | ieth | |||||
| 134 | to pull | śkaw | scaw | |||||
| 135 | to push | Htśaj | tsoy | |||||
| 136 | to throw | tikin | tăchin | |||||
| 137 | to tie | meret | măreth | |||||
| 138 | to sew | kleH | clea | |||||
| 139 | to count | qnoŋ | nung | |||||
140-159 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 140 | to say | xŋil | ngil | |||||
| 141 | to sing | ngichnur | ||||||
| 142 | to play | dmos | tmus | |||||
| 143 | to float | qexp | eaf | |||||
| 144 | to flow | Hsmin | smin | |||||
| 145 | to freeze | qerbHa | răbo | |||||
| 146 | to swell | ŋnoš | cnuș | |||||
| 147 | sun | nHit | nieth | niid | ||||
| 148 | moon | känd | chad | wereg | ||||
| 149 | star | askiH | scie | askii | ekiđđe | |||
| 150 | water | lban | blon | aabon | ||||
| 151 | rain | drmaž | trămäy | |||||
| 152 | river | ayak | yoch | |||||
| 153 | lake | păträng (perhaps not reconstructible back to PLak) | ||||||
| 154 | sea (as in ocean) |
lkem | chlem | |||||
| 155 | salt | murot | măruth | |||||
| 156 | stone | ketin | căthin | |||||
| 157 | sand | tipis | tăfis | |||||
| 158 | dust | qwimp | wib | |||||
| 159 | earth (as in soil) |
isnuh | snüe | |||||
160-179 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 160 | cloud | |||||||
| 161 | fog | |||||||
| 162 | sky | häms | häm | ham | ||||
| 163 | wind (as in breeze) |
păłoa | ||||||
| 164 | snow | măchup | mokub | |||||
| 165 | ice | tonäm | thănam | ronam | ||||
| 166 | smoke | |||||||
| 167 | fire | säH | sä | |||||
| 168 | ashes | |||||||
| 169 | to burn (intransitive) |
|||||||
| 170 | road | |||||||
| 171 | mountain | |||||||
| 172 | red | |||||||
| 173 | green | |||||||
| 174 | yellow | |||||||
| 175 | white | |||||||
| 176 | black | |||||||
| 177 | night | |||||||
| 178 | day (daytime) |
fnüd | enfa | |||||
| 179 | year | lă'och | ||||||
180-199 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 180 | warm (as in weather) |
|||||||
| 181 | cold (as in weather) |
|||||||
| 182 | full | |||||||
| 183 | new | |||||||
| 184 | old | |||||||
| 185 | good | |||||||
| 186 | bad | |||||||
| 187 | rotten (as, a log) |
|||||||
| 188 | dirty | |||||||
| 189 | straight | |||||||
| 190 | round | |||||||
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) |
|||||||
| 192 | dull (as a knife) |
|||||||
| 193 | smooth | |||||||
| 194 | wet | |||||||
| 195 | dry (adjective) |
|||||||
| 196 | right (correct) |
|||||||
| 197 | near | |||||||
| 198 | far | |||||||
| 199 | right (side) |
|||||||
200-207 |
English | Proto-Ashanic | Windermere | Tseer | Häskä | Ferlitian | Schong | Æ |
| 200 | left (side) |
|||||||
| 201 | at | |||||||
| 202 | in | |||||||
| 203 | with (accompanying) |
|||||||
| 204 | and | |||||||
| 205 | if | |||||||
| 206 | because | |||||||
| 207 | name | kom | chum | kom | kom |