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→Phonology
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: "Yet, O illustrious queen, you left and did not again return." | : "Yet, O illustrious queen, you left and did not again return." | ||
===Phonology=== | ===Phonology=== | ||
Has three distinctive vowels: '''i''' /i/, '''u''' /u/,'''a''' /a/, which all reduce to ə in a 'weak' position. | Has three distinctive vowels: '''i''' /i/, '''u''' /u/,'''a''' /a/, which all reduce to ə in a 'weak' position<sup>1</sup>. | ||
Three consonant series: unaspirated '''b''' /p/, '''d''' /t/, '''g''' /k/, aspirated '''p''' /pʰ/, '''t''' /tʰ/, '''k''' /kʰ/, ejective '''ḇ''' /p’/, '''ḏ''' /t’/, '''ḡ''' /k’/ | Three consonant series: unaspirated '''b''' /p/, '''d''' /t/, '''g''' /k/, aspirated '''p''' /pʰ/, '''t''' /tʰ/, '''k''' /kʰ/, ejective '''ḇ''' /p’/, '''ḏ''' /t’/, '''ḡ''' /k’/ | ||
These series of stops have traditionally been termed the '''tenuis''', the '''fortis''', and the '''lenis''' series. | These series of stops have traditionally been termed the '''tenuis''', the '''fortis''', and the '''lenis''' series. | ||
The language has regressive (leftward) | The language has regressive (leftward) pre-glottalization before the fortis and lenis stops, thus ''yataḏa'' /jəˈʔtʰaʔt’a/ 'he collects' but ''gaduš'' /katuʃ/ 'knife' | ||
:<small>1. In the religious register ''yašur isali'' (“refined speech”) every vowel is pronounced as it were and does not reduce. Compare ''ašarraḡin'' (“to the queen”) pronounced /aˈʃaraʔˌk’in/ with regular /əˈʃarəʔˌk’in/ | |||
==Proto-Celtic per Hispaniam== | ==Proto-Celtic per Hispaniam== | ||