Sharqi: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:20, 28 January 2017

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→‎Stem 1

Shariifka

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 ===Verbs===
 ====Stem 1====
-Stem 1 is the base form of a verb.
+Stem 1 is the base form of a verb. The citation form is the 3rd person singular masculine perfect.
-*''FCL'' is used as the generic verb (with ''qadal'' "to kill" as the example verb).
+*''FCL'' is used as the generic verb (with ''qadal'' "kill" as the example verb).
 **''F'': first root consonant
-**''C'': second root consonant
+**''C'': second root consonant (for geminated or quadriliteral verbs, this represents the middle two consonants)
 **''L'': third root consonant
 **(''vowel''): vowel that is usually dropped unless it violates phonotactics
@@ Line 54: / Line 54: @@
 :e.g. ''sabar'' "he broke" + ''-ag'' "you (object)" → ''sabrag'' "he broke you" (not *''sabarag'')
 ::BUT ''baddal'' "he changed" + ''-ag'' → ''baddalag'' "he changed you" (*''baddlag'' violates phonotactics).
+*Some verbs have ''aa'' after the first root consonant instead of ''a'' - e.g. ''baarag'' "bless". In this case, it is never dropped. Any high tones that would apply to ''a'' are applied to the second ''a'' of ''aa'' (i.e. ''aá'').
+('''Note:''' The tones in the perfect and imperfect will most likely be removed, but I'm leaving them here for now in case I decide to keep them)
 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
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 ! colspan="5" | Verbal Noun (''f.'') || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">'''''máF(a)CaL''''' </span></center> || colspan="4" style="background: none" | <center><span style="font-weight:normal">''máqdal''</span></center>
 |-
-!  !! colspan="2" | Present Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Present Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Past Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
+!  !! colspan="2" | Imperfect !! colspan="2" | Subjunctive !! colspan="2" | Perfect !! colspan="2" | Past Negative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Affirmative !! colspan="2" | Imperative Negative
 |-
-| <center>1S</center> || <center>'''''iFáCaL'''''</center> || <center>''iqádal''</center>|| <center>'''''iF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''iqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FaCáLku'''''</center> || <center>''qadálku''</center>|| rowspan="7" | <center>'''''FaC(a)Lán'''''</center> || rowspan="7" | <center>''qadlán''</center> || <center>'''''íF(a)CiL'''''</center> || <center>''íqdil''</center>|| <center>'''''íF(a)CiL'''''</center> || <center>''íqdil''</center>
+| <center>1S</center> || <center>'''''iFáCaL'''''</center> || <center>''iqádal''</center>|| <center>'''''iF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''iqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FaCáLku'''''</center> || <center>''qadálku''</center>|| rowspan="8" | <center>'''''FaC(a)Lán'''''</center> || rowspan="8" | <center>''qadlán''</center> || <center>'''''íF(a)CiL'''''</center> || <center>''íqdil''</center>|| <center>'''''íF(a)CiL'''''</center> || <center>''íqdil''</center>
 |-
 | <center>2S</center> || <center>'''''tiFáCaL'''''</center> || <center>''tiqádal''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CíL'''''</center> ||  <center>''tiqdíl''</center>||<center>'''''FaCáLka'''''</center> || <center>''qadálka''</center>|| <center>'''''FíCiL'''''</center> || <center>''qídil''</center>|| <center>'''''tíF(i)CiL'''''</center> || <center>''tíqdil''</center>
@@ Line 79: / Line 81: @@
 | <center>IMP</center> || <center>'''''yiFáC(a)Las'''''</center> || <center>''yiqádlas''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CíLas'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdílas''</center>|| <center>'''''FáC(a)Las'''''</center> || <center>''qádlas''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CiLas'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdilas''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CiLas'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdilas''</center>
 |}
+There are various modifications depending on the root consonants:
+*If ''F'' is:-
+**w: ''i'' becomes ''u'' before ''w'', with ''iw'' becoming ''uu'' - e.g. ''yuwadad'' "he loves" (from ''*yiwadad'')
+**y: ''iy'' becomes ''ii'' - e.g. ''al tiibas'' "she/it does not dry" (from ''*tiybas'')
+**'/Ø: ''i'' is dropped - e.g. ''yaaman'' "he believes" (from ''*yi(')aaman'')
+*If ''C'' is:-
+**w (or w + consonant):
+***''aw(a)'' becomes ''oo'' - e.g. ''koon'' "he was/became" (from ''*kawan'')
+***''wi'' becomes ''uu'' (and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'') - e.g. ''ay tukuun'' "do not become" (from ''*tikwin'')
+**y (or y + consonant):
+***''ay(a)'' becomes ''ee'' - e.g. ''keed'' "he walked/went" (from ''*kayad'')
+***''yi'' becomes ''ii'' - e.g. ''ay tikiid'' "do not walk/go" (from ''*tikyid'')
+*If ''L'' is:-
+**y:
+***''(a)ya'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''sallayd'' "she prayed" (from ''*sallayad'')
+***''iy'' becomes ''ii'' - e.g. ''sillii'' "pray" (from ''*silliy'')
+**w:
+***''(a)wa'' becomes ''aw'' - e.g. ''cafawd'' "she forgave" (from ''*cafwad'')
+***''iw'' becomes ''uu'' (and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'') - e.g. ''cufuu'' "pray" (from ''*cifiw'')
+*Normal sandhi rules apply - e.g. ''sallaygu'' "I prayed"
 ==Syntax==