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Ris/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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=====Independent===== | =====Independent===== | ||
Ris independent personal pronouns are not compulsory in the language. Ris is as such a [[w:pro-drop language|pro-drop language]]. The pronouns decline according to 3 persons, 3 [[Ris#Number|numbers]], and 7 [[Ris#Cases|cases]]. | Ris independent personal pronouns are not compulsory in the language. Ris is as such a [[w:pro-drop language|pro-drop language]]. The pronouns decline according to 3 persons, 3 [[Ris#Number|numbers]], and 7 [[Ris#Cases|cases]]. | ||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 800px; text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
!Number→ | |||
! colspan="3" scope="col"|Singular | |||
! colspan="3" scope="col"|Dual | |||
! colspan="3" scope="col"|Plural | |||
! rowspan="3" scope="col"|Reflexive | |||
|- | |||
!Person→ | |||
!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width: 150px; "|1<sup>st</sup> | |||
!scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 150px; "|2<sup>nd</sup> | |||
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 150px;"|1<sup>st</sup> | |||
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 150px;"|2<sup>nd</sup> | |||
! colspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 150px;"|1<sup>st</sup> | |||
!scope="col" rowspan="2" style="width: 150px; "|2<sup>nd</sup> | |||
|- | |||
!Case ↓ | |||
!<small>Animate masculine</small> | |||
!<small>Animate feminine</small> | |||
!<small>Exclusive</small> | |||
!<small>Inclusive</small> | |||
!<small>Exclusive</small> | |||
!<small>Inclusive</small> | |||
|- | |||
!Patientive | |||
|''ei'' | |||
|''ka'' | |||
|''kai'' | |||
|''ou'' | |||
|''nai'' | |||
|''káne'' | |||
|''our'' | |||
|''néra'' | |||
|''kéra'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Agentive | |||
|''éu'' | |||
|''keu'' | |||
|''kau'' | |||
|''óuna'' | |||
|''nau'' | |||
|''kéune'' | |||
|''ounár'' | |||
|''náura'' | |||
|''kéura'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Dative | |||
|''mas'' | |||
|''kas'' | |||
|''kes'' | |||
|''ous'' | |||
|''nes'' | |||
|''káne'' | |||
|''oui'' | |||
|''nei'' | |||
|''kei'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Instrumental | |||
|''ména'' | |||
|''kána'' | |||
|''kéna'' | |||
|''ouéna'' | |||
|''nénas'' | |||
|''kánan'' | |||
|''ouenár'' | |||
|''nénai'' | |||
|''kenár'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Locative | |||
|''mou'' | |||
|''kou'' | |||
|''kiou'' | |||
|''ou'' | |||
|''niou'' | |||
|''kóune'' | |||
|''our'' | |||
|''nióura'' | |||
|''kióura'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Genitive | |||
|''mia'' | |||
| colspan="2" rowspan="1"|''kia'' | |||
|''ouia'' | |||
|''nias'' | |||
|''kiáne'' | |||
|''ouiár'' | |||
|''niai'' | |||
|''kiára'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Vocative | |||
|''me'' | |||
|''ka'' | |||
|''kei'' | |||
|''ou'' | |||
|''nei'' | |||
|''káne'' | |||
|''our'' | |||
|''ner'' | |||
|''ker'' | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 800px; text-align:center" | |||
! colspan="7"|Ris proximal demonstratives | |||
|- | |||
!Number→ | |||
! colspan="3" scope="col"|Singular | |||
! scope="col"|Dual | |||
! scope="col"|Plural | |||
! rowspan="3" scope="col"|Reflexive | |||
|- | |||
!Person→ | |||
!scope="col" colspan="3" style="width: 150px; "|3<sup>rd</sup> | |||
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 150px;"|3<sup>rd</sup> | |||
! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width: 150px;"|3<sup>rd</sup> | |||
|- | |||
!Case ↓ | |||
!<small>Animate masculine</small> | |||
!<small>Animate feminine</small> | |||
!<small>Inanimate</small> | |||
|- | |||
!Patientive | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''as'' | |||
| | |||
|''ar'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Agentive | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''aus'' | |||
| | |||
|''áuras'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Dative | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''as'' | |||
| | |||
|''ar'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Instrumental | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''ánas'' | |||
| | |||
|''árnas'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Locative | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''au'' | |||
| | |||
|''áura'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Genitive | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''ai'' | |||
| | |||
|''er'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Vocative | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|''as'' | |||
| | |||
|''ar'' | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
=====Enclitic===== | =====Enclitic===== | ||
Ris enclitic personal pronouns are attached at the end of verbs, and indicate the subject and object of the verb. The object is only marked if it is not an [[w:apellative noun|apellative noun]]. | Ris enclitic personal pronouns are attached at the end of verbs, and indicate the subject and object of the verb. The object is only marked if it is not an [[w:apellative noun|apellative noun]]. | ||