Naeng

Naeng
brits Răthoyd
Created by	IlL, Praimhín
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Language family	Lakovic Naeng

Rhythoed (ruh-THOYD; natively brits Răthoyd or brits Dămea) is the most dominant modern form of Windermere, spoken all over Bjeheond and Rhythoed and in parts of Fyxám.

Rhythoed is based on the vernacular of Imperial Windermere, and did not change significantly since, except the introduction of more loans. After the Grouidite Revolution, Windermere lost much of its importance in Talma, but still had a strong presence in Bjeheond.

Todo

Accents in Rhythoed

• General Bjeheondian
• Western Bjeheondian
• Plüeng Săfărchal
• Plüeng Midleș
• Plüeng Pădoată
• Feiden / Tumhanian
• Shumian
• General Fyxamian
• Rhythoed (the region in Wen Dămea)

Diachronics

Diglossia

Spoken Rhythoed is pretty much the same in all three continents, except for accent and a few vocabulary differences.

Wen Dămea Rhythoed is heavily diglossic: the upper classes, literature and newscasts use a language much closer to Classical Windermere. Written Rhythoed in Fyxám and Bjeheond are very close to the spoken language, but they use different alphabets: Fyxám uses the Clofabic alphabet, while Bjeheond uses the Wiobian alphabet.

Phonological history

• ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
• r > ɹ in the Bjeheond dialect (Talma has an Icelandic/Philly accent and Bjeheond has a British RP-ish accent)
• l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
• ł > ś, ş > ṣ

Grammatical history

• Aspect largely becomes a derivational device, cf. the development of PIE aspects
• Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			ng /ŋ/
Plosive	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
	voiceless	p /p/	t /t/			c /k/	' /ʔ/
Affricate			ts /ts/	tł /tɬ/
Fricative	spirant	f /f~v/	th /θ~ð/			ch /x/
	nonspirant		s /s/	ł /ɬ/	ș /ʃ/		h /h/
Resonant		w /w/	r /r/	l /l~ʟ/	y /j/

Vowels

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	i /i/	ü /y/	[ɨ]	u /u/
Near-close	ie /ɪ/	üe /ø/		ua /ʊ/
Close-mid	e /e/		ă /ə/	o /o/
Open-mid	ea /ɛ/			oa /ɔ/
Open			a /ɐ/

• Caveat: ir = ier, ur = uar, etc.
• [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ɹ/ in Bjeheondian Rhythoed.

The Bjeheond dialect

Bjeheondian Rhythoed is non-rhotic: ir ür ur er or ar are pronounced /iə yə uə eə oə ɑə/. The stops b d g are voiced. The vowel ă is /ɨ/.

Stress

Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Morphology

Verbs

Verbs are not conjugated, but are used with auxiliaries.

Auxiliaries

Tense auxiliaries

	I	thou	he	she	it	we (exc.)	we (inc.)	you (pl.)	they
present	mor	moł	mon	mos	mot	mots	mob	mong	mam
past	chear	cheał	chean	chels	chelt	chelts	chelb	cheang	cheam
future	per	perł	pern	pers	pert	perts	perb	perng	perm

Emphatic auxiliaries: mor rie, moł łen, mon in ...

Syntax

AuxSVO

Mor mi brits cdef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.

PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate

I speak of love and hate.

Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.

PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed

The bird is eating a seed.

Vocabulary

Rhythoed contains more Tamil (Proto-Clofabic) words than Classical Windermere.

Sample texts

UDHR

in Bjeheondian Rhythoed:

Mam tsor croth fa thead lua te thar mis hăltlas tes imłin. Mam hac răfongüe yas hălfăthin tes hălslithma ...