Tigol

Swadesh list for Tigol and the Tigolic languages

Tigol/Lexicon

Tigol (TEE-gol, in nTiccál from Thensarian φinom Tincatlom 'the note, the gloss; the explanation'; Eevo: Tygol; Anbirese: Tigol) is a Talmic language which arose from northern dialects of Proto-Talmic. Its aesthetics is based on Old Irish orthography. Tigol is the language of many manuscripts. Its extreme grammatical complexity caused it to diverge rapidly into the modern Tigolic languages, Skellan, Anbirese and Ciètian.

The relationship of Thensarian to Tigol was at first much like that of Latin to early Romance, or Biblical Hebrew to TibH --- Tigol was how Thensarian texts ("ketiv") were read ("qere"), and the Tigol writing system was originally a phonetic alphabet for reading Thensarian texts. However, in time many texts written in phonetically written literary Tigol followed.

Pre-Tigol

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	voiceless		t /t/			k /k/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Fricative	voiceless			s /s/			h /h/
	voiced			[z]
Trill				r /r/
Approximant		w /ʋ/	l /l/		j /j/

	Front		Central		Back
	short	long	short	long	short	long
Close	i /i/	ī /iː/			u /u/	ū /uː/
Mid	e /ɛ/				o /ɔ/
Open			a /a/	ā /aː/

The diphthongs are ai au ei eu iu oi ui.

Todo

• Agcaoili - a name
• ull = place name morpheme (eul- in Anbirese)
• Sian dom Ceamb can be a person's name
  • Eulsjeondamkjeom in Anbir
• ghdhbh is allowed: aeġḋḃithir, luġḋḃae, sóiġḋḃaṁ
• dobanis > dobh = to be like
• change ħ to ŋ
• immer < *φimmirae < φinae mirae = now
• Verb prefixes:
  • ar-: on, at
  • (deut.) as-: telic
  • (prot.) de-, (deut.) do-: in, at
  • é-: with, co-
  • fin-/sin- = well, thoroughly
  • for-: causative, through
  • (prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-: around, back
  • imm-: immediately
  • (prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-: up, out
  • ro-: down
  • sol-: a causative
  • (prot.) su-, (deut.) so-: towards
  • (prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-: back
  • (prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-: from
• Derivational affixes:
  • -ach = verbal noun
  • -aitt = adjectivizer
  • -all = verbal noun, also abstract noun?
  • an-/é- = intensive; 'very'
• -óid = origin suffix
• A nDessachthar = name of a museum (lit. "that you may see inside her [the Second Mover]")
• *nt *nk > unlenited /d g/ (normally written t c). Note that PCelt *ant,*ent > *ent > /eːd/ but *int *ont *unt > /idd odd udd/ like *nk: cét /kʲeːd/ "hundred" < PCelt *kantom (cf. Welsh cant) < PIE *kṃtóm; sét /sʲeːd/ "way" < *sentu- (vs. Breton hent); ro·icc, ric(c)/r(o)-iɡɡ/ "he reaches" < *ro-ink- (vs. Bret rankout "must, owe"); tocad /toɡað/ "luck" (vs. Bret tonkad "fate").[25]*ns > unlenited s with compensatory lengthening of a preceding vowel; *ans > *ens > és similarly to *ant *ank: géis "swan" < PCelt *gansi- < PIE *ǵʰh₂ens- (vs. Dutch gans "goose").

1. i-affection: Short *e and *o are raised to i and u when the following syllable contains a high vowel (*i, *ī, *u, *ū). It does not happen when the vowels are separated by certain consonant groups.
2. a-affection: Short *i and *u are lowered to e and o when the following syllable contains a non-high back vowel (*a, *ā, *o, *ō).
3. u-affection: Short *a, *e, *i are broken to short diphthongs au, eu, iu when the following syllable contains a *u or *ū that was later lost. It is assumed that at the point the change operated, u-vowels that were later lost were short *u while those that remain were long *ū. The change operates after i-affection so original *e may end up as iu.

Orthography

Talmic script; borrow h from Windermere script

Phonology

Consonants

• b c d f g l m n ŋ p r s t /p kʰ t f k l m n ŋ pʰ r s tʰ/
• "Lenition": ḃ ch ḋ fh ġ h mh ph sh th /b gʰ d fʰ g h mʰ bʰ sʰ dʰ/
• "Eclipsis": mb ŋc nd ŋg mf mp ns nt /ᵐb ᵑkʰ ⁿd ᵑg ᵐf ᵐpʰ ⁿs ⁿtʰ/
• Geminates: cc ll mm nn ŋŋ pp rr ss tt /kː lː mː nː ŋː pː rː sː tː/

Vowels

• a e i o u /a e i o u/
• á é í ó ú /aː eː iː oː uː/
• ai ei io oi ui
• ae ao ái éi eo éu ia ío íu iú ói oí ua úi uí /ae ao ai ei eo: ø: ia i:o y: iu: o:i oi: ua u:i ui:/

All five short vowels a e i o u could occur in a word-final unstressed syllable.

Morphology

Main article: Tigol/Morphology

Poetry

Tigol poetry from the time when Tigol was living uses the Welsh cynghanedd system.

• Na hAmroctaíḃ Óc Eo = The Chronicles of Óc Eo