The charts below show the way in which the IPA represents Ufhewat Knrawi pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.
This page is only for the variety of Knrawi spoken on Ufhewat Island, for other varieties see Knrawi IPA guides.
| IPA |
Example |
Translation |
(near) equivalent
|
| Consonants
|
| f
|
huf
|
small
|
face
|
| h
|
ufh
|
middle
|
have
|
| j
|
shaia
|
house
|
yet
|
| k
|
hyk
|
sugarcane
|
scout
|
| kʰ
|
nkh
|
far
|
cow
|
| kʲ
|
tjic
|
to cook
|
ski
|
| kʲʰ
|
chuh
|
raw
|
key
|
| kʷ
|
guq
|
small island
|
square
|
| kʷʰ
|
uqh
|
snake
|
queen
|
| m
|
iim
|
because
|
man
|
| n
|
jna
|
star
|
not
|
| ŋ
|
thga
|
wind
|
sang
|
| p
|
puskj
|
yam
|
spin
|
| pʰ
|
cuph
|
snake burrow
|
pin
|
| r
|
marg
|
south
|
rayo (Spanish)
|
| s
|
cniztí
|
to try
|
sing
|
| sʰ
|
zherg
|
cloud
|
sing
|
| t
|
riti
|
eye
|
start
|
| tʰ
|
nth
|
water
|
tart
|
| v
|
vuin
|
corner
|
have
|
| w
|
rtiu
|
where
|
wing
|
| ɰ
|
aythá
|
jasper
|
agave (Spanish)
|
| x
|
jua
|
all
|
loch
|
| xʲ
|
asi
|
shark
|
he
|
| xʲʰ
|
shiupii
|
wheat noodles
|
he
|
| xʷ
|
niwuu
|
guilty
|
white
|
| ʔ
|
ceh
|
many
|
uh-oh
Differences from standard Knrawi
- /n/ and /ŋ/ do not assimilate.
- /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [s,sʰ].
- Labialized /θ,θʰ/ are realized as [f,h].
- /k̟,k̟ʰ,x̟,x̟ʰ/ are realized as [kʲ,kʲʰ,xʲ,xʲʰ].
- /k̠,k̠ʰ/ are realized as [k,kʰ].
- /x̠,ʍ,h/ are realized as [x,xʷ,ʔ].
- sequences of /x̠,ʍ,h/ and sonorants (and vice versa) are realized as glottalized sonorants.
- /ɹ/ is realized as [r].
- Labialized /ɹ/ is realized as [v] (which doesn't merge with [w]).
- /ɉ/ is realized as [ɰ].
- /ˣ/ is realized as [ʰ].
- /θˣ,x̟ˣ/ (including labialized /θˣ/) are realized as [x].
- Fortition does not occur.
- Two-sonorant clusters syllabify the first sonorant.
- Syllabic consonants are desyllabified adjacent to vowels (including nonsyllabic vowels).
- Syllabic [m,β] and other syllabic consonants are realized as [o̞] and [ə] respectively.
- /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [i,u].
- Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [e̞,o̞].
- Unstressed /ɪ,ʊ/ are realized as [j,w] before vowels.
- [i,e̞,a] are realized as [y,ø̞,ɒ] adjacent to labiovelar consonants (except [w], but including deleted underlying /ʍ/).
- Unstressed /a/ and [ə] are realized as
- [o̞] adjacent to labiovelar consonants.
- [ə] if not [o̞].
- [ʔ̞] is realized as [ː]
- Sequences of unstressed [ə] or [o̞] and stressed /a/ are realized as [əː] or [o̞ː] respectively.
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