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{{Private}}
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Aarlaansk
|name = Aarlaansc
|nativename = Aarlaansk
|nativename = Aarlaansc
|pronunciation = ['a:ʀla:nsk]
|pronunciation = 'a:ʀla:nsk
|region = Europe
|setting = Europe
|states = The Aarlaans
|states = The Aarlaans
|nation = The Aarlaans
|nation = The Aarlaans
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|date = 2012
|date = 2012
|familycolor = Indo-European
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[w:Italic_languages|Italic]]
|fam2 = [[w:Italic_languages|Italic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan_languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
|fam3 = [[w:Latino-Faliscan_languages|Latino-Faliscan]]
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|map          = Aarlaans.gif
|map          = Aarlaans.gif
|mapcaption    = The Aarlaans
|mapcaption    = The Aarlaans
|iso1 = aa
|script1       = Latn
|iso2 = aak
|agency        = Academie a d‑Aarlaansc Leng (Aarlaansk Language Accademy)
|iso3 = aak
|creator = User:Llyn
|script       = [[w:Latin script|Latin script]]
|agency        = Akkademie a d-Aarlaansk Leng (Aarlaansk Language Accademy)
}}
}}


=General infos=
=General infos=


'''Aarlaansk''' is a language spoken in ''Hijs Aarlaans'' (= the Aarlaans), a country that, in a different reality, inclues The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a half of our France and a part of our Switzerland.
'''Aarlaansc''' is a language spoken in ''Hijs Aarlaans'' (= the Aarlaans), a country that, in a different reality, inclues The Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, a half of our France and a part of our Switzerland.
The term ''Aarlaansk'' means "(the language) of the Aarlaans". The origin of the ethnonym hasn't been completely explained yet: the most probable hypothesis explains that "Aarlaans" is a contraction of "Aarvers laans", that is "plains of the tree", ''aarvers'' is an archaic genitive case of the term ''aarf'', "tree", and ''laans'' is the plural form of the term ''laan'', "plain". The fact that in old documents, the ethnonym ''Aarlane'' is also found and that the word ''laan'' has got an archaic plural form ''lane'', supports this hypothesis.
The term ''Aarlaansc'' means "(the language) of the Aarlaans". The origin of the ethnonym hasn't been completely explained yet: the most probable hypothesis explains that "Aarlaans" is a contraction of "Aarvers laans", that is "plains of the tree", ''aarvers'' is an archaic genitive case of the term ''aarf'', "tree", and ''laans'' is the plural form of the term ''laan'', "plain". The fact that in old documents, the ethnonym ''Aarlane'' is also found and that the word ''laan'' has got an archaic plural form ''lane'', supports this hypothesis.
But why should the Romans have given this place the name of "plains of the tree"? The explanation was found only in 2609 ab U.c. (that is circa 1856 of our era): during an archaeological excavation it was found a table that dates back to 867 ab U.c. (circa 114 of our era), on this table was written the anecdote of the defeat of Germanic Tribes in a Northern territory by the Roman army of Trajan. According to this narration, the emperor had a prophetic dream: the Roman army would have won, only if it had attacked the Germanic tribes far from the forest, in an endless plain. The sign that would have shown the right place would have been a solitary tree, the only one within this immense plain. History teaches us that in the '''Battle of Vloerijgen''' (866 ab U.c., that is 113 d.C.) the future country of ''Aarlaans'' became a part of Roman Empire.
But why should the Romans have given this place the name of "plains of the tree"? The explanation was found only in 2609 ab U.c. (that is circa 1856 of our era): during an archaeological excavation it was found a table that dates back to 867 ab U.c. (circa 114 of our era), on this table was written the anecdote of the defeat of Germanic Tribes in a Northern territory by the Roman army of Trajan. According to this narration, the emperor had a prophetic dream: the Roman army would have won, only if it had attacked the Germanic tribes far from the forest, in an endless plain. The sign that would have shown the right place would have been a solitary tree, the only one within this immense plain. History teaches us that in the '''Battle of Vloerijgen''' (866 ab U.c., that is 113 d.C.) the future country of ''Aarlaans'' became a part of Roman Empire.


Aarlaansk is a ''Romance language'' that descends from Vulgar Latin, even if, in spite of other languages of the same family, in Aarlaansk many common terms derive from Classical Latin. Moreover the Aarlaansk contains many terms of Celtic - specifically of Gaulish - origin and also many terms of Germanic origin: circa 65% of Aarlaansk words comes from Latin, circa 23% comes from Gaulish and circa 12% comes from Germanic.
Aarlaansc is a ''Romance language'' that descends from Vulgar Latin, even if, in spite of other languages of the same family, in Aarlaansc many common terms derive from Classical Latin. Moreover the Aarlaansc contains many terms of Celtic - specifically of Gaulish - origin and also many terms of Germanic origin: circa 65% of Aarlaansc words comes from Latin, circa 23% comes from Gaulish and circa 12% comes from Germanic.


=Phonology=
=Phonology=
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==Alphabet==
==Alphabet==


The Aarlaansk alphabet contains 23 letters and 1 digraph that is considered a distinct letter:
The Aarlaansc alphabet contains 21 letters and 2 digraphs that are considered distinct letters:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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|[b]
|[b]
| -
| -
|-
|c
|[k]
|it is used in front of 'a', 'o', and 'u'
|-
|-
|d
|d
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|i
|i
|[ɪ]
|[ɪ]
|always short, it is used in open syllables (that is syllables that end with vowel)
|always short
|-
|-
|j
|j
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|[ɛi̯]
|[ɛi̯]
|when unstressed it is written ''ei'' and it is read as a schwa [ə]
|when unstressed it is written ''ei'' and it is read as a schwa [ə]
|-
|k
|[k]
| -
|-
|-
|l
|l
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|[p]
|[p]
| -
| -
|-
|qu
|[k]
|it is used in front of 'e' and 'i'; if it is doubled it is written 'cqu'
|-
|-
|r
|r
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|-
|-
|s
|s
|[s]
|[s] / [z]
| -
|if a word starts with 's' + vowel, the 's' is read as [z], between vowels it is read [z], when followed or preceded by a consonant and in the end of words it is read [s]
|-
|-
|t
|t
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|w
|w
|[v]
|[v]
|at the end of a word, after a vowel, it is pronounced [u̯] and it forms diphthong, f.ex.: ''yw'', "that", ['iu̯]
| -
|-
|y
|[ɪ]
|always short, it is used only in closed syllables (that is syllables that end with a consonant)
|-
|-
|z
|x
|[z]
|[ʃ]
| -
| -
|}
|}


When voiced consonants are found in final position, they are devoiced and become voiceless. The ''z'' and ''v'' can be pronounced respectively [s] and [f] when at the beginning of a word, this pronounciation is not compulsory and is rather dialectal, though.
When voiced consonants are found in final position, they are devoiced and become voiceless.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===


The vocalic phonemes of Aarlaansk are the following:
The vocalic phonemes of Aarlaansc are the following:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
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===Diphthongs, false diphthongs and vowel length===
===Diphthongs, false diphthongs and vowel length===


In Aarlaansk there are only three diphthongs:
In Aarlaansc there are only three diphthongs:


* ''ei'' [ɛi̯] > [ə];
* ''ei'' [ɛi̯] > [ə];
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* ''oe'' [u:].  
* ''oe'' [u:].  


A diaeresis divides two vowels that, otherwise, would form a diphthong, ex.: ''ïe'' [‘ie], "they"; ''zöuut'' [zo'y:t], "greeting". The diphthongs, the false diphthongs and the letter ''ij'' are always long in Aarlaansk, while the letter ''i''/''y'' is always short. The letters ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', and ''u'' can be both short and long, instead. To indicate the vowel length of these four vowels, this language uses a special system that is based on the kind of syllables.
The diphthongs, the false diphthongs and the letter ''ij'' are always long in Aarlaansc, while the letter ''i'' is always short. The letters ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', and ''u'' can be both short and long, instead. To indicate the vowel length of these four vowels, this language uses a special system that is based on the kind of syllables.


There are two kind of syllables: they can be both open and closed. A syllable is open when it ends with a vowel (so ''ma'', ''te'', ''ko'', ''su'' are all open syllables); a syllable is closed when it ends with a consonant (so ''mat'', ''tek'', ''kos'', ''sum'' are all closed syllables).
There are two kind of syllables: they can be both open and closed. A syllable is open when it ends with a vowel (so ''ma'', ''te'', ''ko'', ''su'' are all open syllables); a syllable is closed when it ends with a consonant (so ''mat'', ''tek'', ''kos'', ''sum'' are all closed syllables).
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* ''mat'' (''a'' is short) > ''mat'''t'''e'' (''a'' remains short, but a short vowel occurs never in an open syllable, so we need to double the following consonant to maintain the syllable closed).
* ''mat'' (''a'' is short) > ''mat'''t'''e'' (''a'' remains short, but a short vowel occurs never in an open syllable, so we need to double the following consonant to maintain the syllable closed).


However, when two vowels that form a hiatus are found together, the rules change a little bit: if the first vowel is written just one time it is considered short, even if it is at the end of the syllable (that is even if the syllable is open), otherwise, if it is long, it has to be written doubled, ex.:
However, when a vowel forms a diphthong with ''j'' or ''w'', it is written doubled when it is long, ex.:


* ''meyk'', "doctor", is read ['mεik], ''ey'' is not a diphthong: ''me-yk'', the ''e'' is short;
* ''hooj'', "today", is read ['ho:i̯], ''o'' is long;
* ''ooijr'', "to hear", is read [o:εi̯r], ''ooij'' is not a diphthong: ''oo-ijr'', the ''o'' is long.
* ''raj'', "ray", is read ['ʀɑi̯], ''a'' is short.


There are also words whose pronunciation is tricky: how is the word ''deeuw'', "god", pronounced? Either as ['de:ɶu̯] or as ['dεø:u̯]? Do the vowels ''e'' and ''u'' form a diphthong or a hiatus? In such cases it is used a dieresis to help the reader. The dieresis indicates that the following vowel doesn't form a diphthong, f.ex. the word ''deeuw'' is written ''dëeuw'': the dieresis indicates that the second ''e'' isn't part of a long ''e'', but it is part of the diphthong ''eu'', thus ''dëeuw'' is read as ['dεø:u̯].
There are also words whose pronunciation is tricky: how is the word ''deeuw'', "god", pronounced? Either as ['de:ɶu̯] or as ['dεø:u̯]? Do the vowels ''e'' and ''u'' form a diphthong or a hiatus? In such cases it is used a dieresis to help the reader. The dieresis indicates that the following vowel doesn't form a diphthong, f.ex. the word ''deeuw'' is written ''dëeuw'': the dieresis indicates that the second ''e'' isn't part of a long ''e'', but it is part of the diphthong ''eu'', thus ''dëeuw'' is read as ['dεø:u̯].
===Digraphs===
Aarlaansk has got only a digraph: ''sh'', that is read [ʃ].


==Stress==
==Stress==
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==Nouns, gender and number==
==Nouns, gender and number==


Nouns in Aarlaansk can be either '''common''' or '''neuter''': the previously masculine and feminine genders have merged into the common one, whereas the neuter has remained the same. Nouns have got two forms: '''singular''', that indicates one object, person, animal, concept, and so forth, and '''plural''', that indicates more than one object, person, animal, concept, and so on.
Nouns in Aarlaansc can be either '''common''' or '''neuter''': the previously masculine and feminine genders have merged into the common one, whereas the neuter has remained the same. Nouns have got two forms: '''singular''', that indicates one object, person, animal, concept, and so forth, and '''plural''', that indicates more than one object, person, animal, concept, and so on.


Generally the plural is formed with the termination ''-s'', but if the noun ends already with an '-s', then no further ending is added, that is the singular and the plural forms are the same.
Generally the plural is formed with the termination ''-s'', but if the noun ends already with an '-s', then no further ending is added, that is the singular and the plural forms are the same.
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|wolf
|wolf
|-
|-
|zoew
|soel
|zoe'''l'''s
|soels
|common
|common
|sun
|sun
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|day
|day
|-
|-
|luik
|luic
|luiks
|luics
|common
|common
|light
|light
|-
|-
|eurkew
|eurquel
|eurke'''l'''s
|eurquels
|neuter
|neuter
|ear
|ear
|-
|-
|kouw
|coul
|kou'''l'''s
|couls
|common
|common
|horse
|horse
|-
|-
|stiew
|stiel
|stie'''l'''s
|stiels
|common
|common
|star
|star
|-
|-
|zylf
|silf
|zylfs
|silfs
|common
|common
|wood, forest
|wood, forest
|-
|-
|vijw
|vijl
|vij'''l'''s
|vijls
|common
|common
|son
|son
|-
|-
|veilew
|veilel
|veile'''l'''s
|veilels
|common
|common
|daughter
|daughter
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|time
|time
|-
|-
|zier
|sier
|ziers
|siers
|common
|common
|lord
|lord
|-
|-
|zierew
|sierel
|ziere'''w'''s
|sierels
|common
|common
|lady
|lady
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|brother
|brother
|-
|-
|zoer
|soer
|zoers
|soers
|common
|common
|sister
|sister
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|gold
|gold
|-
|-
|keew
|queel
|kee'''l'''s
|queels
|common
|common
|sky
|sky
|-
|-
|kor
|cor
|kors
|cors
|neuter
|neuter
|heart
|heart
|-
|-
|ouw
|ouw
|ouws (!)
|ouws
|common
|common
|bird
|bird
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|master, male teacher
|master, male teacher
|-
|-
|meistrew
|meistrel
|meistre'''l'''s
|meistrels
|common
|common
|mistress, female teacher
|mistress, female teacher
|}
|}
Usually the words ending with '''vowel + -w''' turn this ''w'' into ''l'' in the plural form. This happens almost always, though there are some exceptions, f.ex.: ''ouw'' > ''ouws''.


==Articles==
==Articles==


In Aarlaansk there are two kinds of article: '''definite article''' and '''indefinite article'''. The first is used to talk about things, people, concepts that are already known by both the speaker and the listener, whereas the indefinite article introduces concepts, things, people that are new.
In Aarlaansc there are two kinds of article: '''definite article''' and '''indefinite article'''. The first is used to talk about things, people, concepts that are already known by both the speaker and the listener, whereas the indefinite article introduces concepts, things, people that are new.
The indefinite article is just one: ''uin'' and it is used with both common and neuter nouns, it has got also a plural form, ''uins'', that indicates a "group of", "some", f.ex.: ''uin masie'', "a house", ''uins masies'', "some houses".
The indefinite article is just one: ''uin'' and it is used with both common and neuter nouns, it has got also a plural form, ''uins'', that indicates a "group of", "some", f.ex.: ''uin masie'', "a house", ''uins masies'', "some houses".


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The adjectives always precede the noun they are referred to and they don't vary, as in English, f.ex.:
The adjectives always precede the noun they are referred to and they don't vary, as in English, f.ex.:


* ''Hij kat es grand'' - The cat is big.  
* ''Hij cat es grand'' - The cat is big.  
* ''Uin grand kat'' - A big cat;
* ''Uin grand cat'' - A big cat;
* ''Hij grand kat'' - The big cat;
* ''Hij grand cat'' - The big cat;
* ''Nuin grand kat'' - No big cat;
* ''Nuin grand cat'' - No big cat;
* ''Goun oor'' - Yellow gold;
* ''Goun oor'' - Yellow gold;
* ''Hoe goun oor'' - The yellow gold;
* ''Hoe goun oor'' - The yellow gold;
* ''Hijs kats zunt goun'' - The cats are yellow.
* ''Hijs cats sunt goun'' - The cats are yellow.


===Comparative and superlative===
===Comparative and superlative===


The lower degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''myn + adjective + ka + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronoun), ex.:
The lower degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''min + adjective + ca + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronoun), ex.:


* ''Noes zunt myn nyt ka toe'' - We are less beautiful than you.  
* ''Noes sunt min nit ca toe'' - We are less beautiful than you.  


The same degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''tan + adjective + kant + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronoun), ex.:
The same degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''tan + adjective + cant + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronoun), ex.:


* ''Noes zunt tan nyt kant toe'' - We are as beautiful as you.  
* ''Noes sunt tan nit cant toe'' - We are as beautiful as you.  


The higher degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''pluis + adjective + ka + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronouns), ex.:
The higher degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''pluis + adjective + ca + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronouns), ex.:


* ''Noes zunt majs nyt ka toe'' - We are more beautiful than you.  
* ''Noes sunt pluis nit ca toe'' - We are more beautiful than you.  


The superlative is formed with the pattern ''wou(d) + adjective'', ex.: ''Toe es woud nyt'' - You are very beautiful.
The superlative is formed with the pattern ''wou(d) + adjective'', ex.: ''Toe es woud nit'' - You are very beautiful.
If it is used as a relative superlative, ''wou(d)'' is substituted for ''hij''/''hoe majs + adjective + a/i'', ex.:
If it is used as a relative superlative, ''wou(d)'' is substituted for ''hij''/''hoe pluis + adjective + a/i'', ex.:


* ''Toe es hij majs nyt a/i hij ouvjoen'' - You are the most beautiful in the world.  
* ''Toe es hij pluis nit a/i hij ouvjoen'' - You are the most beautiful in the world.  


Some adjectives: ''koud'' (hot), ''vrijgt'' (cold), ''zympel'' (simple), ''vakkel'' (easy), ''veed'' (ugly), ''zakraat'' (sacred), ''vroek'' (fierce), ''kruüiel'' (cruel).
Some adjectives: ''coud'' (hot), ''vrijgt'' (cold), ''simpel'' (simple), ''vacquel'' (easy), ''veed'' (ugly), ''sacraat'' (sacred), ''vroec'' (fierce), ''cruüiel'' (cruel).


=== Numerals ===
=== Numerals ===
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!2
!2
|dij
|dij
|zekkunt
|seccunt
!3
!3
|tries
|tries
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|-
|-
!4
!4
|katter
|catter
|kaart
|caart
!5
!5
|kwijnk
|cvijnc
|kwijnt
|cvijnt
|-
|-
!6
!6
|zes
|ses
|zest
|sest
!7
!7
|zeft
|seft
|zeften
|seften
|-
|-
!8
!8
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|-
|-
!10
!10
|dek
|dec
|dekken
|decquen
!11
!11
|uindyk
|uindic
|uindiken
|uindiquen
|-
|-
!12
!12
|dijdyk
|dijdic
|deidiken
|deidiquen
!13
!13
|treddyk
|treddic
|treddiken
|treddiquen
|-
|-
!14
!14
|katterdyk
|catterdic
|katterdiken
|catterdiquen
!15
!15
|kwijndyk
|cvijndic
|kweindiken
|cveindiquen
|-
|-
!16
!16
|zedyk
|sedic
|zediken
|sediquen
!17
!17
|zeftendyk
|seftendic
|zeftendiken
|seftendiquen
|-
|-
!18
!18
|ogtoendyk
|ogtoendic
|ogtoendiken
|ogtoendiquen
!19
!19
|noendyk
|noendic
|noendiken
|noendiquen
|-
|-
!20
!20
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!22
!22
|wijnt-ap-dij
|wijnt-ap-dij
|wijnt-ap-zekkunt
|wijnt-ap-seccunt
!30
!30
|trijnt
|trijnt
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|trijnt-ap-prijm
|trijnt-ap-prijm
!40
!40
|kattraant
|cattraant
|kattrages
|cattrages
|-
|-
!50
!50
|kweinkaant
|cveincaant
|kweinkages
|cveincages
!60
!60
|zessaant
|sessaant
|zessages
|sessages
|-
|-
!70
!70
|zeftaant
|seftaant
|zeftages
|seftages
!80
!80
|ogtoent
|ogtoent
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|noenages
|noenages
!100
!100
|kent
|quent
|kentes
|quentes
|-
|-
!125
!125
|kent wijnt-ap-kwijnk
|quent wijnt-ap-cvijnc
|kentwijnt-ap-kwijnt
|quentwijnt-ap-cvijnt
!200
!200
|deikent
|deiquent
|deikentes
|deiquentes
|-
|-
!300
!300
|trekkent
|trecquent
|trekkentes
|trecquentes
!400
!400
|katterkent
|catterquent
|katterkentes
|catterquentes
|-
|-
!500
!500
|kweingent
|cveingent
|kweingentes
|cveingentes
!600
!600
|zeskent
|sesquent
|zeskentes
|sesquentes
|-
|-
!700
!700
|zeftengent
|seftengent
|zeftengentes
|seftengentes
!800
!800
|ogtengent
|ogtengent
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|noengentes
|noengentes
!1000
!1000
|myw
|mil
|miles
|miles
|}
|}


The ordinals ending with -es are stressed on the last syllable (ex. ''kwijnkaGES''), whereas the ones ending with -en are generally stressed on the last but one syllable (ex. ''ZEFten''), but one needs to be careful: those ending with -dyk are stressed on the last but one syllable (ex. ''TREDdyk'') and those ending with -kent are stressed on the last syllable (ex. kweinGENT).
The ordinals ending with -es are stressed on the last syllable (ex. ''cvijncaGES''), whereas the ones ending with -en are generally stressed on the last but one syllable (ex. ''ZEFten''), but one needs to be careful: those ending with -dic are stressed on the last but one syllable (ex. ''TREDdic'') and those ending with -quent are stressed on the last syllable (ex. cveinGENT).
Ordinal number are always stressed on the last syllable (ex. deidiKEN, noengenTES).
Ordinal number are always stressed on the last syllable (ex. deidiquEN, noengenTES).


==Pronouns and other kinds of adjectives==
==Pronouns and other kinds of adjectives==
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|mie
|mie
|me
|me
|miek
|miec
|-
|-
!'''thou'''
!'''thou'''
Line 631: Line 624:
|tie
|tie
|te
|te
|tiek
|tiec
|-
|-
!'''he'''
!'''he'''
|ys
|is
|ym
|im
|iem
|iem
|ze
|se
|ziek
|siec
|-
|-
!'''she'''
!'''she'''
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|em
|em
|eem
|eem
|ze
|se
|ziek
|siec
|-
|-
!'''it'''
!'''it'''
|yd
|id
|yd
|id
|yd
|id
|ze
|se
|ziek
|siec
|-
|-
!'''we'''
!'''we'''
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|noes
|noes
|ne
|ne
|nuusk
|nuusc
|-
|-
!'''you'''
!'''you'''
Line 666: Line 659:
|woes / u
|woes / u
|we
|we
|wuusk / usk
|wuusc / usc
|-
|-
!'''they'''
!'''they'''
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|es
|es
|ees
|ees
|ze
|se
|ziek
|siec
|}
|}


The unstressed accusative form precedes the verb, while the stressed one follows it (except when the pronoun is linked to the verbs in infinitive and imperative). The stressed forms are used after prepositions or to emphasize complements.The pronouns
The unstressed accusative form precedes the verb, while the stressed one follows it (except when the pronoun is linked to the verbs in infinitive and imperative). The stressed forms are used after prepositions or to emphasize complements.The pronouns
The ''comitative'' forms represent the locution ''with + pronouns''.
The ''comitative'' forms represent the locution ''with + pronouns''.
The ''e'' in the pronouns ''me'', ''te'', ''ze'', ''le'', ''em'', ''ne'', ''we'', ''es'' is read as [ə]. This is the main difference between ''es'' [əs], "them", and ''es'' [εs], "you are" / "he is".
The ''e'' in the pronouns ''me'', ''te'', ''se'', ''le'', ''em'', ''ne'', ''we'', ''es'' is read as [ə]. This is the main difference between ''es'' [əs], "them", and ''es'' [εs], "you are" / "he is".
The pronoun ''toe'' becomes ''oe'' when follows the verb in questions.
The pronoun ''toe'' becomes ''oe'' when follows the verb in questions.
The pronoun ''woes'' has got two distinct form: ''woes/we/wuusk'' and ''u/u/usk''. These forms are not interchangeable, as the form ''u'' is used as polite form. The reflexive of this form is however still ''we''.
The pronoun ''woes'' has got two distinct form: ''woes/we/wuusc'' and ''u/u/usc''. These forms are not interchangeable, as the form ''u'' is used as polite form. The reflexive of this form is however still ''we''.


Some examples:
Some examples:


* ''Me oodt oe?'' - Do you hear me?
* ''Me oodt oe?'' - Do you hear me?
* ''Toe wijdt ym'' - You see him.
* ''Toe wijdt im'' - You see him.
* ''Eg ood ym, hood tie'' - I hear him, not you.
* ''Eg ood im, hood tie'' - I hear him, not you.
* ''Eg zom tiek'' - I am with you.
* ''Eg som tiec'' - I am with you.
* ''Ys dijkt yd ar noes'' - He says it to us.
* ''Is dijct id ar noes'' - He says it to us.
* ''Noes ne loun'' - We wash (ourselves).
* ''Noes ne loun'' - We wash (ourselves).
* ''Eg me klaam Toen'' - My name is Tony.
* ''Eg me claam Toen'' - My name is Tony.
* ''Koem we klaman u?'' - What is your name? (polite form)
* ''Coem we claman u?'' - What is your name? (polite form)
* ''Proedt oe nuusk?'' - Do you come with us?
* ''Proedt oe nuusc?'' - Do you come with us?
* ''Lesme ijr!'' - Let me go!
* ''Lesme ijr!'' - Let me go!


Line 724: Line 717:
Possessive pronouns are always preceded by article, ex.:
Possessive pronouns are always preceded by article, ex.:


* ''Ys es mies karyn, hood hij tuis'' - He's my friend, not yours.  
* ''Is es mies carin, hood hij tuis'' - He's my friend, not yours.  


Sometimes the possessor is specified with '''a + pronoun''' to avoid ambiguity, above all in the case of the 3rd person, ex.:
Sometimes the possessor is specified with '''a + pronoun''' to avoid ambiguity, above all in the case of the 3rd person, ex.:


* ''Eëus karyn a d-iem'' or ''Hij karyn a d-iem'' - His friend (of him);
* ''Eëus carin a d-iem'' or ''Hij carin a d-iem'' - His friend (of him);
* ''Eëus karyns a d-eem'' or ''Hijs karyns a d-eem'' - Their friends (of her).
* ''Eëus carins a d-eem'' or ''Hijs carins a d-eem'' - Their friends (of her).


Note that the possessives of 3rd person singular and plural has just one form.
Note that the possessives of 3rd person singular and plural has just one form.
In the speech the possessive pronouns are usually formed without using the article, but using the pronouns ''uin'' after the possessive, ex.:
In the speech the possessive pronouns are usually formed without using the article, but using the pronouns ''uin'' after the possessive, ex.:


* ''Ys es mies karyn, hood tuis uin'' - He's my friend, not yours (lit. "your one").
* ''Is es mies carin, hood tuis uin'' - He's my friend, not yours (lit. "your one").


===Demonstratives===
===Demonstratives===
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!'''Plural'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|-
|colspan="2"|yst
|colspan="2"|ist
|iste
|iste
|-
|-
Line 760: Line 753:
!'''Plural'''
!'''Plural'''
|-
|-
|colspan="2"|yw
|colspan="2"|il
|yls
|ils
|}
|}


Ex.:
Ex.:


* ''Yw kat es nyt'' - That cat is cute;
* ''Il cat es nit'' - That cat is cute;
* ''Yw liver es hij tuis'' - That book is yours;
* ''Il liver es hij tuis'' - That book is yours;
* ''Eg wol iste awouw'' - I want this apple.
* ''Eg wol iste awoul'' - I want this apple.


===Indefinites===
===Indefinites===
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| -
| -
|-
|-
|''kiduin''
|''quiduin''
| -
| -
|everyone
|everyone
Line 799: Line 792:
|every
|every
|-
|-
|''oukuin''
|''oucuin''
| -
| -
|anyone
|anyone
|''ouk''
|''ouc''
|any
|any
|-
|-
|''oukries''
|''oucries''
| -
| -
|anything
|anything
Line 811: Line 804:
| -
| -
|-
|-
|''kou''
|''cou''
|''kous''
|''cous''
|which one(s)
|which one(s)
|''kou''
|''cou''
|which / what
|which / what
|-
|-
Line 823: Line 816:
|such
|such
|-
|-
|''pook''
|''pooc''
|''pooks''
|''poocs''
|a little / few
|a little / few
|''pook''
|''pooc''
|a little / few
|a little / few
|-
|-
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|}
|}


Some pronominal forms have got both a singular and a plural voice, but adjective forms have got ONLY one voice, that is both singular and plural. Except for ''nuin'' / ''ries'' and ''oukuin'' / ''oukries'', indefinites don't have a gender distinction.
Some pronominal forms have got both a singular and a plural voice, but adjective forms have got ONLY one voice, that is both singular and plural. Except for ''nuin'' / ''ries'' and ''oucuin'' / ''oucries'', indefinites don't have a gender distinction.


===Relatives, interrogatives and exclamatives===
===Relatives, interrogatives and exclamatives===
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!'''Meaning'''
!'''Meaning'''
|-
|-
|''ki''
|''qui''
|who
|who
|-
|-
|''ke''
|''que''
|that, which
|that, which
|-
|-
|''kui''
|''cui''
|whose
|whose
|}
|}
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Some examples:
Some examples:


* ''Hij zier ki eg noesk es bon.'' - The man who(m) I know is gentle.
* ''Hij sier qui eg noesc es bon.'' - The man who(m) I know is gentle.
* ''Hij kat ke eg haf wyst es parf.'' - The cat that/which I've seen is little.
* ''Hij cat que eg haf wist es parf.'' - The cat that/which I've seen is little.
* ''Hijs zierels kui vijls haan mort zunt yls.'' - The women whose sons have died are those.
* ''Hijs sierels cui vijls haan mort sunt ils.'' - The women whose sons have died are those.


'''Ki''' and '''ke''' can be used as interrogatives and exclamatives too, f.ex.:
'''Qui''' and '''que''' can be used as interrogatives and exclamatives too, f.ex.:


* ''Ki es ys?'' - Who is he?
* ''Qui es is?'' - Who is he?
* ''Ke vagt oe?'' - What are you doing?
* ''Que vagt oe?'' - What are you doing?


'''Kui''' cannot be used in interrogatives, instead of it it is used '''a ki''':
'''Cui''' cannot be used in interrogatives, instead of it it is used '''a qui''':


* ''A ki es yst liver?'' - Whose is this book?
* ''A qui es ist liver?'' - Whose is this book?


We have to pay attention to translate the English word ''what''. In some cases it can be translated as ''kou'':
We have to pay attention to translate the English word ''what''. In some cases it can be translated as ''cou'':


* ''Kou anuin nyt!'' - What a beautiful name!
* ''Cou anuin nit!'' - What a beautiful name!
* ''Kou es tuis anuin?'' - What's your name?
* ''Cou es tuis anuin?'' - What's your name?


Relatives can be used also as interrogatives or exclamatives and the axamples above show it clearly. Other interrogatives are:
Relatives can be used also as interrogatives or exclamatives and the axamples above show it clearly. Other interrogatives are:
Line 897: Line 890:
|where
|where
|-
|-
|''kand''
|''cand''
|when
|when
|-
|-
|''koem''
|''coem''
|how
|how
|-
|-
|''kwot'' / ''kwots''
|''cvot'' / ''cvots''
|how much / how many
|how much / how many
|-
|-
|''kuir''
|''cuir''
|why
|why
|}
|}


''Kuir'' is used both in questions and answers; ''unt'' and ''kand'' can be used also as a sort of relatives:
''Cuir'' is used both in questions and answers; ''unt'' and ''cand'' can be used also as a sort of relatives:


* ''Kuir vleet oe?'' - Why do you cry?
* ''Cuir vleet oe?'' - Why do you cry?
* ''Kuir eg zom meist.'' - Because I'm sad.
* ''Cuir eg som meist.'' - Because I'm sad.
* ''Hij wyw, unt eg wijf.'' - The city where I live.
* ''Hij wil, unt eg wijf.'' - The city where I live.
* ''Kwots eers koegt le?'' - How much money does she need? (''eer'', "money", is a countable noun in Aarlaansk and has got both singular and plural)
* ''Cvots eers coegt le?'' - How much money does she need? (''eer'', "money", is a countable noun in Aarlaansk and has got both singular and plural)
* ''Hoe tens, kand eg veu uin juiven.'' - The time when I was a boy.
* ''Hoe tens, cand eg veu uin juiven.'' - The time when I was a boy.


== Adverbs ==
== Adverbs ==


There are two kinds of adverbs in Aarlaansk: ''primitive adverbs'' and ''derived adverbs''.
There are two kinds of adverbs in Aarlaansc: ''primitive adverbs'' and ''derived adverbs''.
Primitive adverbs are adverbs that don't derive from other categories, but that exist just as adverbs, some examples are:
Primitive adverbs are adverbs that don't derive from other categories, but that exist just as adverbs, some examples are:


Line 928: Line 921:
* ''roe'' - late;
* ''roe'' - late;
* ''iest'' - near;
* ''iest'' - near;
* ''proow'' - far;
* ''prool'' - far;
* ''pront'' - soon;
* ''pront'' - soon;
...
...
Line 934: Line 927:
Derived adverbs derive from adjectives, to which the suffix ''-er'' is added, ex.:
Derived adverbs derive from adjectives, to which the suffix ''-er'' is added, ex.:


* ''koud'' > ''kouder'' - warmly;
* ''coud'' > ''couder'' - warmly;
* ''vrijgt'' > ''vrijgter'' - coldly;
* ''vrijgt'' > ''vrijgter'' - coldly;
* ''korzjaaw'' > ''korzjaler'' - cordially;
* ''corsjaal'' > ''corsjaler'' - cordially;
* ''vort'' > ''vorter'' - strongly;
* ''vort'' > ''vorter'' - strongly;
* ''vraaw'' > ''vraler'' - weakly;
* ''vraal'' > ''vraler'' - weakly;
* ''keller'' > ''kellerrer'' - quickly;
* ''queller'' > ''quellerrer'' - quickly;
* ''lent'' > ''lenter'' - slowly;
* ''lent'' > ''lenter'' - slowly;
...
...
Line 1,039: Line 1,032:
== Prepositions ==
== Prepositions ==


Aarlaansk has got many different prepositions to express relations between the elements of the sentence. The most important are:
Aarlaansc has got many different prepositions to express relations between the elements of the sentence. The most important are:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
Line 1,049: Line 1,042:
!''i (n-)''
!''i (n-)''
|in, at
|in, at
|''Eg zum i hij skoel''
|''Eg sum i hij scoel''
|I am at school
|I am at school
|-
|-
!''wers''
!''wers''
|to
|to
|''Eg waad wers hij skoel''
|''Eg waad wers hij scoel''
|I go to school
|I go to school
|-
|-
!''af''
!''af''
|from
|from
|''Eg proed af hij skoel''
|''Eg proed af hij scoel''
|I come from school
|I come from school
|-
|-
!''pers''
!''pers''
|across, through, with, by, to
|across, through, with, by, to
|''Eg loop pers hij zylf'' // ''Eg proed pers hoe trag'' // ''Hoe striem trag pers Vloerijgen''
|''Eg loop pers hij silf'' // ''Eg proed pers hoe trag'' // ''Hoe striem trag pers Vloerijgen''
|I walk through the wood // I come by train // The last train to Vloerijgen
|I walk through the wood // I come by train // The last train to Vloerijgen
|-
|-
!''ar''
!''ar''
|to, for
|to, for
|''Yst es ar tie'' // ''Eg doe yd ar tie''
|''Ist es ar tie'' // ''Eg doe id ar tie''
|This is for you / I give it to you
|This is for you / I give it to you
|-
|-
!''a (d-)''
!''a (d-)''
|of
|of
|''Yw es hij kat a Juilie''
|''Il es hij cat a Juilie''
|That is the cat of Julia
|That is the cat of Julia
|-
|-
!''dies''
!''dies''
|(made) of
|(made) of
|''Uin awouw dies oor''
|''Uin awoul dies oor''
|An apple (made) of gold
|An apple (made) of gold
|-
|-
!''di''
!''di''
|about, of
|about, of
|''Noes raan di kaartie''
|''Noes raan di caartie''
|We are talking about love
|We are talking about love
|-
|-
!''ap''
!''ap''
|with
|with
|''Ys raadt ap tie''
|''Is raadt ap tie''
|He's talking with you
|He's talking with you
|-
|-
!''zyns''
!''sins''
|without
|without
|''Eg shied hood wijvre zyns tie''
|''Eg xied hood wijvre sins tie''
|I can't live without you
|I can't live without you
|-
|-
Line 1,107: Line 1,100:
|I was out of my house
|I was out of my house
|-
|-
!''zurs''
!''surs''
|on, above
|on, above
|''Hij keew zurs noes zym tuis man zurs hij mies''
|''Hij queel surs noes sim tuis man surs hij mies''
|The sky above us and your hand on mine
|The sky above us and your hand on mine
|-
|-
!''zuf''
!''suf''
|under, beneath
|under, beneath
|''Noes zuf hij keew zym mies man zuf hij tuis''
|''Noes suf hij queel sim mies man suf hij tuis''
|We beneath the sky and my hand under yours
|We beneath the sky and my hand under yours
|-
|-
!''ijers''
!''ijers''
|between, among, for
|between, among, for
|''Nuin waadt zer ijers noes'' // ''Yd haft plust ijers tries dijs''
|''Nuin waadt ser ijers noes'' // ''Id haft plust ijers tries dijs''
|There will be nobody between us // It has rained for three days
|There will be nobody between us // It has rained for three days
|-
|-
!''diepst''
!''diepst''
|after, next to
|after, next to
|''Eg opper i hoe fikie diepst hoe zuis a d-eem'' // ''Diepst hij pluvie proedt hij zoew''
|''Eg opper i hoe fiquie diepst hoe eëus a d-eem'' // ''Diepst hij pluvie proedt hij soel''
|I work in the office next to hers // After the rain comes the sun
|I work in the office next to hers // After the rain comes the sun
|-
|-
!''diepries''
!''diepries''
|before
|before
|''Le oppert i hoe fikie diepries hoe mies'' // ''Diepries hij zoew proedt hij pluvie''
|''Le oppert i hoe fiquie diepries hoe mies'' // ''Diepries hij soel proedt hij pluvie''
|She works in the office before mine // Before the sun comes the rain
|She works in the office before mine // Before the sun comes the rain
|-
|-
!''uder''
!''uder''
|over
|over
|''Oukunt uder hij keljark''
|''Oucunt uder hij queljarc''
|Somewhere over the rainbow
|Somewhere over the rainbow
|}
|}
Line 1,147: Line 1,140:
=== Simple present ===
=== Simple present ===


The present tense, or ''prezent'' in Aarlaansk, expresses an action that happens regularly, that is habitual or that happens around the moment of the speech.
The present tense, or ''prezent'' in Aarlaansc, expresses an action that happens regularly, that is habitual or that happens around the moment of the speech.


==== Present of ''zer'' ("to be") and ''haar'' ("to have") ====
==== Present of ''ser'' ("to be") and ''haar'' ("to have") ====


The verbs '''zer''' and '''haar''' are two of the main verbs in Aarlaansk and they are irregular as in most other languages. Here it is the conjugation of these two verbs in the present tense:
The verbs '''ser''' and '''haar''' are two of the main verbs in Aarlaansk and they are irregular as in most other languages. Here it is the conjugation of these two verbs in the present tense:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|zom
|som
|haf
|haf
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|es
|es
|haft
|haft
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|zunt
|sunt
|haan
|haan
|-
|-
!'''imp.'''
!'''imp.'''
|yd es
|id es
|haftur
|haftur
|}
|}


In Aarlaansk the subject is always expressed, with impersonal verbs it is used the dummy subject '''yd''', ex.:
In Aarlaansc the subject is always expressed, with impersonal verbs it is used the dummy subject '''id''', ex.:


* ''Yd pluigt'' - It rains.
* ''Id pluigt'' - It rains.


====Present of regular verbs====
====Present of regular verbs====
Line 1,190: Line 1,183:
The regular verbs are formed adding particular endings to the root form. The root form of a verb is obtained just dropping the infinitive ending and adding the personal endings. Of course to obtain the root form is necessary to pay attention to the vowel length, that must be maintained (unless the verb is irregular). Moreover if the verb root ends with ''-v'' or ''-z'', these letters become unvoiced in the three singular persons voices.
The regular verbs are formed adding particular endings to the root form. The root form of a verb is obtained just dropping the infinitive ending and adding the personal endings. Of course to obtain the root form is necessary to pay attention to the vowel length, that must be maintained (unless the verb is irregular). Moreover if the verb root ends with ''-v'' or ''-z'', these letters become unvoiced in the three singular persons voices.


Here are four verbs: ''klamaar'' (to call), ''dievier'' (to have to), ''wijvre'' (to live), ''ooijr'' (to hear):  
Here are four verbs: ''clamaar'' (to call), ''dievier'' (to have to), ''wijvre'' (to live), ''oijr'' (to hear):  


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Klamaar'''
!'''Clamaar'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Ooijr'''
!'''Oijr'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|klaam
|claam
|dief
|dief
|wijf
|wijf
|ood
|ood
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|klaamt
|claamt
|dieft
|dieft
|wijft
|wijft
Line 1,212: Line 1,205:
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|klaman
|claman
|dieven
|dieven
|wijvun
|wijvun
Line 1,218: Line 1,211:
|-
|-
!'''imp.'''
!'''imp.'''
|klaamtur
|claamtur
|dieftur
|dieftur
|wijftur
|wijftur
Line 1,233: Line 1,226:
| - / -d
| - / -d
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
| -t / -dt
| -t / -dt
|-
|-
Line 1,247: Line 1,240:
====Present of some irregular verbs====
====Present of some irregular verbs====


Aarlaansk has got some irregular verbs too. Some verbs have got the regular infinitive endings ''-aar'', ''-ijr'' and so on, but there are some that have got an irregular infinitive ending. Here it can be seen the present tense of the verbs ''vaar'' (to do), ''ijr'' (to go), ''daar'' (to give), ''dijr'' (to say, to tell), ''wijr'' (to see), ''duir'' (to lead), ''vluir'' (to flow, to slip by) and ''proer'' (to come):  
Aarlaansc has got some irregular verbs too. Some verbs have got the regular infinitive endings ''-aar'', ''-ijr'' and so on, but there are some that have got an irregular infinitive ending. Here it can be seen the present tense of the verbs ''vaar'' (to do), ''ijr'' (to go), ''daar'' (to give), ''dijr'' (to say, to tell), ''wijr'' (to see), ''duir'' (to lead), ''vluir'' (to flow, to slip by) and ''proer'' (to come):  


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
Line 1,264: Line 1,257:
|waad
|waad
|doe
|doe
|dijk
|dijc
|wijd
|wijd
|duig
|duig
Line 1,270: Line 1,263:
|proed
|proed
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|vagt
|vagt
|waadt
|waadt
|doet
|doet
|dijkt
|dijct
|wijdt
|wijdt
|duigt
|duigt
Line 1,294: Line 1,287:
|waadtur
|waadtur
|doetur
|doetur
|dijktur
|dijctur
|wijdtur
|wijdtur
|duigtur
|duigtur
Line 1,301: Line 1,294:
|}
|}


The irregularities are not systematic: how it can be seen, both ''vaar'' and ''daar'' have got an infinitive in ''-aar'', but the former has got a root form ''vag-'' in the three singular persons, whereas the latter has got a root form ''doe-''. More systematic (but not ever) are the verbs whose infinitive ends in ''-uir'', ex.: ''yd pluigt'', "it rains", from ''pluir'', and so on.
The irregularities are not systematic: how it can be seen, both ''vaar'' and ''daar'' have got an infinitive in ''-aar'', but the former has got a root form ''vag-'' in the three singular persons and in the impersonal form, whereas the latter has got a root form ''doe-''. More systematic (but not ever) are the verbs whose infinitive ends in ''-uir'', ex.: ''id pluigt'', "it rains", from ''pluir'', and so on.
However it is best to control in the dictionary how the root form of the irregular verbs changes.
However it is best to control in the dictionary how the root form of the irregular verbs changes.


Line 1,307: Line 1,300:


To express actions that are performed by an unknown subject or to hide the subject of a verb in Aarlaansk we can use the '''impersonal form'''.
To express actions that are performed by an unknown subject or to hide the subject of a verb in Aarlaansk we can use the '''impersonal form'''.
In Aarlaansk there are two impersonal forms:  
In Aarlaansc there are two impersonal forms:  


* '''yd''' + 3rd person singular verb, which is used also to translate "it" when we talk about verbs that haven't got a subject, as in the example ''yd pluigt'', "it rains";
* '''id''' + 3rd person singular verb, which is used also to translate "it" when we talk about verbs that haven't got a subject, as in the example ''id pluigt'', "it rains";
* ''impersonal form of the verb'', which is another downright person that has got its own ending and whose pronoun is never expressed. It mainly corresponds to English "they" or to passive construction, f.ex.: ''Dijktur ka Hijs Aarlaans zunt vrijgt'' > "They say that The Aarlaans are cold".
* ''impersonal form of the verb'', which is another downright person that has got its own ending and whose pronoun is never expressed. It mainly corresponds to English "they" or to passive construction, f.ex.: ''Dijctur ca Hijs Aarlaans sunt vrijgt'' > "They say that The Aarlaans are cold".


The biggest difference between the ''yd-form'' and the ''impersonal form'' is that '''yd can never substitute a subject that actually exists and can never substitute the passive form''', whereas the ''impersonal form'' can, ex.:
The biggest difference between the ''id-form'' and the ''impersonal form'' is that '''id can never substitute a subject that actually exists and can never substitute the passive form''', whereas the ''impersonal form'' can, ex.:


* ''Hooj yd nyft'' - Today it snows;
* ''Hooj id nift'' - Today it snows;
* ''Wijdtur hij vuim, ke iest af hij kammijn'' - They see the smoke that comes out from the chimney.
* ''Wijdtur hij vuim, que iest af hij cammijn'' - They see the smoke that comes out from the chimney.
 
The impersonal form is formed by adding ''-ur'' to the 3rd person singular form of the verb.


===Simple past===
===Simple past===


The past tense, ''preterryt'' in Aarlaansk, is used to express an action that has happened in the past, independently on when it has happened, if it is ended or not, if it affects the present and so on. It corresponds to English past simple and present perfect.  
The past tense, ''preterrit'' in Aarlaansc, is used to express an action that has happened in the past, independently on when it has happened, if it is ended or not, if it affects the present and so on. It corresponds to English past simple and present perfect.  


====Past tense of ''zer'' and ''haar''====
====Past tense of ''ser'' and ''haar''====


The past of these two irregular verbs is, obviously, quite irregular:
The past of these two irregular verbs is, obviously, quite irregular:
Line 1,327: Line 1,322:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
Line 1,334: Line 1,329:
|heu
|heu
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|veut
|veut
|heut
|heut
Line 1,341: Line 1,336:
|veurn
|veurn
|heurn
|heurn
|-
!'''imp.'''
|id veu
|heutur
|}
|}


Line 1,351: Line 1,350:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Klamaar'''
!'''Clamaar'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Ooijr'''
!'''Oijr'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|klamaaf
|clamaaf
|dievief
|dievief
|wijvief
|weivief
|ooijf
|oijf
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|klamaaft
|clamaaft
|dievieft
|dievieft
|wijvieft
|weivieft
|ooijft
|oijft
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|klamaarn
|clamaarn
|dieviern
|dieviern
|wijviern
|weiviern
|ooijrn
|oijrn
|-
!'''imp.'''
|clamaaftur
|dievieftur
|weivieftur
|oijftur
|}
|}
The stress shifts on the last syllable except for the impersonal form, in which it shifts on the last but one.


====Past of some irregular verbs====
====Past of some irregular verbs====
Line 1,400: Line 1,407:
|pried
|pried
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|viest
|viest
|ijft
|ijft
Line 1,419: Line 1,426:
|vluirn
|vluirn
|priern
|priern
|-
!'''imp.'''
|viestur
|ijftur
|daaftur
|dijstur
|wieftur
|duistur
|vluistur
|priedtur
|}
|}


===Present perfect and past perfect===
===Present perfect and past perfect===


Beside the ''preterryt'' there is another verbal form that expresses an action that has happened in the past: the '''pervegt'''. This form is similar to the English present perfect, because it is formed with the present of the verb ''haar'' and the past participle of the main verb. In Aarlaansk, however, this form is completely interchangeable with the ''preterryt'' form: it is just a matter of style and of formality, because the ''pervegt'' is more used among friends and in colloquial speech, whereas the ''preterryt'' is more used in written language and in formal meetings.
Beside the ''preterrit'' there is another verbal form that expresses an action that has happened in the past: the '''pervegt'''. This form is similar to the English present perfect, because it is formed with the present of the verb ''haar'' and the past participle of the main verb. In Aarlaansc, however, this form is completely interchangeable with the ''preterrit'' form: it is just a matter of style and of formality, because the ''pervegt'' is more used among friends and in colloquial speech, whereas the ''preterrit'' is more used in written language and in formal meetings.
When the auxiliary ''haar'' is in its past tense, then we obtain the past perfect or '''pluispervegt'''. This tense refers to actions that happened in the past before other actions that happened in the past too.
When the auxiliary ''haar'' is in its past tense, then we obtain the past perfect or '''pluispervegt'''. This tense refers to actions that happened in the past before other actions that happened in the past too.


====Present perfect of ''zer'' and ''haar''====
====Present perfect of ''ser'' and ''haar''====


The auxiliary verb is always ''haar'':
The auxiliary verb is always ''haar'':
Line 1,432: Line 1,449:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|haf zyt
|haf sit
|haf hijt
|haf hijt
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|haft zyt
|haft sit
|haft hijt
|haft hijt
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|haan zyt
|haan sit
|haan hijt
|haan hijt
|-
!'''imp.'''
|haftur sit
|haftur hijt
|}
|}


Line 1,454: Line 1,475:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Klamar'''
!'''Clamar'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Ooijr'''
!'''Oijr'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|haf klamaat
|haf clamaat
|haf dievuit
|haf dievuit
|haf weivut
|haf weivut
|haf ooijt
|haf oijt
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|haft klamaat
|haft clamaat
|haft dievuit
|haft dievuit
|haft weivut
|haft weivut
|haft ooijt
|haft oijt
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|haan klamaat
|haan clamaat
|haan dievuit
|haan dievuit
|haan weivut
|haan weivut
|haan ooijt
|haan oijt
|-
!'''imp.'''
|haftur clamaat
|haftur dievuit
|haftur weivut
|haftur oijt
|}
|}


Line 1,500: Line 1,527:
|haf ijt
|haf ijt
|haf daat
|haf daat
|haf dygt
|haf digt
|haf wijst
|haf wijst
|haf duigt
|haf duigt
Line 1,506: Line 1,533:
|haf proes
|haf proes
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|haft vagt
|haft vagt
|haft ijt
|haft ijt
|haft daat
|haft daat
|haft dygt
|haft digt
|haft wijst
|haft wijst
|haft duigt
|haft duigt
Line 1,520: Line 1,547:
|haan ijt
|haan ijt
|haan daat
|haan daat
|haan dygt
|haan digt
|haan wijst
|haan wijst
|haan duigt
|haan duigt
|haan vluigt
|haan vluigt
|haan proes
|haan proes
|-
!'''imp.'''
|haftur vagt
|haftur ijt
|haftur daat
|haftur digt
|haftur wijst
|haftur duigt
|haftur vluigt
|haftur proes
|}
|}


====Past perfect====
====Past perfect====


This tense is called ''pluispervegt'' in Aarlaansk and it corresponds to the English past perfect: it is used to express a past action that happened before another one.
This tense is called ''pluispervegt'' in Aarlaansc and it corresponds to the English past perfect: it is used to express a past action that happened before another one.
The ''pluispervegt'' is formed with the past of the verb ''haar'' and the past participle of the main verb, ex.:
The ''pluispervegt'' is formed with the past of the verb ''haar'' and the past participle of the main verb, ex.:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|heu zyt
|heu sit
|heu hijt
|heu hijt
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|heut zyt
|heut sit
|heut hijt
|heut hijt
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|heurn zyt
|heurn sit
|heurn hijt
|heurn hijt
|-
!'''imp.'''
|heutur sit
|heutur hijt
|}
|}


* ''Diepst eg heu twuit uin plikel, eg iezijf'' - After I had watched a film, I went out.
* ''Diepst eg heu twuit uin pliquel, eg iesijf'' - After I had watched a film, I went out.


===Future===
===Future===


The future, ''vutuir'' in Aarlaansk, is used to speak about actions that have not happened yet and that will happen in the future. English has got three forms of future with three different functions, Aarlaansk has got just one that expresses these funcions. Future expresses:
The future, ''vutuir'' in Aarlaansc, is used to speak about actions that have not happened yet and that will happen in the future. English has got three forms of future with three different functions, Aarlaansc has got just one that expresses these funcions. Future expresses:


* events that will happen in the future (but that are not planned);
* events that will happen in the future (but that are not planned);
Line 1,565: Line 1,606:
It exists also a synthetic form of this tense, but it is not used anymore in the speech and it is found only in poetry and in old books. We add it for completeness' sake.
It exists also a synthetic form of this tense, but it is not used anymore in the speech and it is found only in poetry and in old books. We add it for completeness' sake.


====Future of ''zer'' and ''haar''====
====Future of ''ser'' and ''haar''====


The analytical form is:
The analytical form is:
Line 1,571: Line 1,612:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|wa(ad) zer
|wa(ad) ser
|wa(ad) haar
|wa(ad) haar
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|wa(adt) zer
|wa(adt) ser
|wa(adt) haar
|wa(adt) haar
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|waan zer
|waan ser
|waan haar
|waan haar
|-
!'''imp.'''
|waadtur ser
|waadtur haar
|}
|}


Line 1,593: Line 1,638:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|zerraf
|serraf
|haraf
|haraf
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|zerraft
|serraft
|haraft
|haraft
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|zerraan
|serraan
|haraan
|haraan
|-
!'''imp.'''
|id serraft
|haraftur
|}
|}


Line 1,612: Line 1,661:
Please note that, as the stress shifts on the last syllable, the verbs whose infinitive ends with ''-ijr'' change this ending with ''-eir-'', ex.:
Please note that, as the stress shifts on the last syllable, the verbs whose infinitive ends with ''-ijr'' change this ending with ''-eir-'', ex.:


* ''Eg waad klamaar'' / ''Eg klamaraf'' - I shall call;
* ''Eg waad clamaar'' / ''Eg clamaraf'' - I shall call;
* ''Toe waadt dievier'' / ''Toe dievraft'' - You will have to;
* ''Toe waadt dievier'' / ''Toe dievraft'' - You will have to;
* ''Ys waadt wijvre'' / ''Ys weivraft'' - He will live;
* ''Is waadt wijvre'' / ''Is weivraft'' - He will live;
* ''Noes waan oijr'' / ''Noes oeiraan'' - We shall hear;
* ''Noes waan oijr'' / ''Noes öeiraan'' - We shall hear;
* ''Woes waan vaar'' / ''Woes varaan'' - You will do;
* ''Woes waan vaar'' / ''Woes varaan'' - You will do;
* ''Ïe waan ijr'' / ''Ïe eiraan'' - They will go.
* ''Ïe waan ijr'' / ''Ïe eiraan'' - They will go.
Line 1,624: Line 1,673:
* ''Toe waadt wijvre'' > ''Toe weivraft'' - You will live.
* ''Toe waadt wijvre'' > ''Toe weivraft'' - You will live.


The future tense of regular and irregular verbs is formed the same way. In Aarlaansk doesn't exist a future perfect tense, instead of it it is used the future simple.
The future tense of regular and irregular verbs is formed the same way. In Aarlaansc doesn't exist a future perfect tense, instead of it it is used the future simple.


===Subjunctive===
===Subjunctive===


The subjunctive mood is no longer used in Aarlaansk, it is no more productive. Both present and past of subjunctive are found in crystallized expressions, such as:
The subjunctive mood is no longer used in Aarlaansc, it is no more productive. Both present and past of subjunctive are found in crystallized expressions, such as:


* ''Deeuw te zouwe'' - God save you;
* ''Dëeuw te souwe'' - God save you;
* ''Hij keel te tiege'' - Heaven protect you.
* ''Hij queel te tiege'' - Heaven protect you.


The present subjunctive of the verbs ''zer'' and ''haar'' is irregular:
The present subjunctive of the verbs ''ser'' and ''haar'' is irregular:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''is'''
|zij
|sij
|haaw
|haaw
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|zijn
|sijn
|hawyn
|hawin
|-
!'''imp.'''
|id sij
|hawur
|}
|}


The regular verbs form this tense by adding the suffixes ''-e'' for the singular and ''-yn'' for the plural:
The regular verbs form this tense by adding the suffixes ''-e'' for the singular and ''-in'' for the plural:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Klamaar'''
!'''Clamaar'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Ooijr'''
!'''Oijr'''
|-
|-
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''is'''
|klame
|clame
|dieve
|dieve
|wijve
|wijve
Line 1,665: Line 1,718:
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|klamyn
|clamin
|dievyn
|dievin
|wijvyn
|wijvin
|odyn
|odin
|-
!'''imp.'''
|clamur
|dievur
|wijvur
|odur
|}
|}


Line 1,684: Line 1,743:
!'''Proer'''
!'''Proer'''
|-
|-
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''is'''
|vaaj
|vaaj
|waaj
|waaj
|die
|die
|dijge
|dijge
|wieë
|wiëe
|duïje
|duïje
|vluïje
|vluïje
Line 1,698: Line 1,757:
|waajn
|waajn
|dien
|dien
|dijgyn
|dijgin
|wieyn
|wiëin
|duïjyn
|duïjin
|vluïjyn
|vluïjin
|proedyn
|proedin
|-
!'''imp.'''
|vajur
|wajur
|dieur
|dijgur
|wiëur
|duïjur
|vluïjur
|proedur
|}
|}


Line 1,709: Line 1,778:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Vaar'''
!'''Vaar'''
Line 1,720: Line 1,789:
!'''Proer'''
!'''Proer'''
|-
|-
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''is'''
|vustre
|vustre
|hustre
|hustre
Line 1,743: Line 1,812:
|vluistren
|vluistren
|proestren
|proestren
|-
!'''imp.'''
|vustrur
|hustrur
|viestrur
|ijstrur
|diestrur
|dijstrur
|wijstrur
|duistrur
|vluistrur
|proestrur
|}
|}


Line 1,749: Line 1,830:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Klamaar'''
!'''Clamaar'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Ooijr'''
!'''Oijr'''
|-
|-
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''is'''
|klamare
|clamare
|dieviere
|dieviere
|wijvre
|wijvre
|ooijre
|oijre
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|klamaren
|clamaren
|dievieren
|dievieren
|wijvren
|wijvren
|ooijren
|oijren
|-
!'''imp.'''
|clamarur
|dievierur
|wijvrur
|oijrur
|}
|}


Line 1,771: Line 1,858:
===Conditional===
===Conditional===


The conditional, ''kondisjonaal'' in Aarlaansk, is used fast as in English, f.ex. to be polite or to express probability. As for the future, the conditional has two forms:
The conditional, ''condisjonaal'' in Aarlaansc, is used fast as in English, f.ex. to be polite or to express probability. As for the future, the conditional has two forms:


* an analytical form with the verb ''ijr'', but for conditional it is used its past form;
* an analytical form with the verb ''ijr'', but for conditional it is used its past form;
Line 1,780: Line 1,867:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|ijf zer
|ijf ser
|ijf haar
|ijf haar
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|ijft zer
|ijft ser
|ijft haar
|ijft haar
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|ijrn zer
|ijrn ser
|ijrn haar
|ijrn haar
|-
!'''imp.'''
|ijftur ser
|ijftur haar
|}
|}


Line 1,800: Line 1,891:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|zerreef
|serreef
|hareef
|hareef
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''ys'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|zerreeft
|serreeft
|hareeft
|hareeft
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|zerreen
|serreen
|hareen
|hareen
|-
!'''imp.'''
|id serreeft
|hareeftur
|}
|}


Also here, as the stress shifts on the last syllable, the verbs whose infinitive ends with ''-ijr'' change this ending with ''-eir-'', ex.:
Also here, as the stress shifts on the last syllable, the verbs whose infinitive ends with ''-ijr'' change this ending with ''-eir-'', ex.:


* ''Eg ijf klamaar'' / ''Eg klamareef'' - I would call;
* ''Eg ijf clamaar'' / ''Eg clamareef'' - I would call;
* ''Toe ijft dievier'' / ''Toe dievreeft'' - You should;
* ''Toe ijft dievier'' / ''Toe dievreeft'' - You should;
* ''Ys ijft wijvre'' / ''Ys weivreeft'' - He would live;
* ''Is ijft wijvre'' / ''Is weivreeft'' - He would live;
* ''Noes ijrn oijr'' / ''Noes oeireen'' - We would hear;
* ''Noes ijrn oijr'' / ''Noes öeireen'' - We would hear;
* ''Woes ijrn vaar'' / ''Woes vareen'' - You would do;
* ''Woes ijrn vaar'' / ''Woes vareen'' - You would do;
* ''Ïe ijrn ijr'' / ''Ïe eireen'' - They would go.
* ''Ïe ijrn ijr'' / ''Ïe eireen'' - They would go.
Line 1,832: Line 1,927:
Conditional can be found in conditional clauses of 2nd and 3rd type:
Conditional can be found in conditional clauses of 2nd and 3rd type:


* ''Vor eg ijf zer punie, eg ijf zuimer uin grand masie'' - If I were rich, I'd buy a big house;
* ''Vor eg ijf ser punie, eg ijf suimer uin grand masie'' - If I were rich, I'd buy a big house;
* ''Vor eg hareef zyt punie, eg hareef zuinft uin grand masie'' - If I had been rich, I'd have bought a big house.
* ''Vor eg hareef sit punie, eg hareef suinft uin grand masie'' - If I had been rich, I'd have bought a big house.


Please note that the conditional is used in the protasis also instead of the subjunctive. In conditional clauses of 1st type it is used the present in the protasis and the future in the apodosis:
Please note that the conditional is used in the protasis also instead of the subjunctive. In conditional clauses of 1st type it is used the present in the protasis and the future in the apodosis:


* ''Vor hij nijf es zuf hij zoel, ëe ze waadt vundre'' - If the snow is under the sun, it will melt.
* ''Vor hij nijf es suf hij soel, le se waadt vundre'' - If the snow is under the sun, it will melt.


The conditional is also used to express the "future in the past", ex.:
The conditional is also used to express the "future in the past", ex.:


* ''Ys shijft hood ka yd ijf vijr'' - He didn't know that it would happen.
* ''Is xijft hood ca id ijf vijr'' - He didn't know that it would happen.


===Imperative===
===Imperative===


In Aarlaansk the '''empratijf''', the imperative mood, is used to order somebody to do something. The "true" voices of the present of imperative are that of the 2nd person singular and the 2nd person plural; the 1st person singular doesn't exist, whereas the other persons have got a periphrastic form:
In Aarlaansc the '''empratijf''', the imperative mood, is used to order somebody to do something. The "true" voices of the present of imperative are that of the 2nd person singular and the 2nd person plural; the 1st person singular doesn't exist, whereas the other persons have got a periphrastic form:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Klamaar'''
!'''Clamaar'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Wijvre'''
Line 1,883: Line 1,978:
|'''es'''
|'''es'''
|haf
|haf
|klaam
|claam
|dief
|dief
|wijf
|wijf
Line 1,890: Line 1,985:
|'''ij'''
|'''ij'''
|'''da'''
|'''da'''
|dijk
|dijc
|wijd
|wijd
|duig
|duig
Line 1,896: Line 1,991:
|proed
|proed
|-
|-
!'''ys'''
!'''is'''
|haft a zer
|haft a ser
|haft a haar
|haft a haar
|haft a klamaar
|haft a clamaar
|haft a dievier
|haft a dievier
|haft a wijvre
|haft a wijvre
Line 1,913: Line 2,008:
|-
|-
!'''noes'''
!'''noes'''
|haan a zer
|haan a ser
|haan a haar
|haan a haar
|haan a klamaar
|haan a clamaar
|haan a dievier
|haan a dievier
|haan a wijvre
|haan a wijvre
Line 1,929: Line 2,024:
|-
|-
!'''woes'''
!'''woes'''
|zet
|set
|haat
|haat
|klamaat
|clamaat
|dieviet
|dieviet
|wijvyt
|wijvit
|oijt
|oijt
|vaat
|vaat
Line 1,945: Line 2,040:
|-
|-
!'''ïe'''
!'''ïe'''
|haan a zer
|haan a ser
|haan a haar
|haan a haar
|haan a klamaar
|haan a clamaar
|haan a dievier
|haan a dievier
|haan a wijvre
|haan a wijvre
Line 1,961: Line 2,056:
|}
|}


The 2nd person singular form is the same of the 1st person singular form of the present of indicative, but there are also irregular forms as in the verbs ''zer'', ''ijr'', ''daar'', etc.
The 2nd person singular form is the same of the 1st person singular form of the present of indicative, but there are also irregular forms as in the verbs ''ser'', ''ijr'', ''daar'', etc.
The 2nd person plural form is obtained from the infinitive form with the substitution of ''-r'' for ''-t'' for the 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugations. The verbs of 3rd conjugation drop the infinitive ending and replace it with ''-yt''. There are not irregular forms for this voice.
The 2nd person plural form is obtained from the infinitive form with the substitution of ''-r'' for ''-t'' for the 1st, 2nd, and 4th conjugations. The verbs of 3rd conjugation drop the infinitive ending and replace it with ''-it''. There are not irregular forms for this voice.
The other persons are formed with the periphrasis '''haar + a (d-)+ infinitive'''. It could be translated as '''to have to do something'''.
The other persons are formed with the periphrasis '''haar + a (d-)+ infinitive'''. It could be translated as '''to have to do something'''.
This structure can be used also with 1st and 2nd persons singular and with 2nd person plural, in this case, however, it doesn't indicate imperative, but it has the same meaning as the verb '''dievier''', only with a hint of politeness, f.ex.:
This structure can be used also with 1st and 2nd persons singular and with 2nd person plural, in this case, however, it doesn't indicate imperative, but it has the same meaning as the verb '''dievier''', only with a hint of politeness, f.ex.:


* ''Eg haf a d-ijr wers hij boetiek'' - I have to go to the shop;
* ''Eg haf a d-ijr wers hij boetiec'' - I have to go to the shop;
* ''Ke haft a vaar hooj?'' - What do you have to do today?;
* ''Que haft a vaar hooj?'' - What do you have to do today?;
* ''Woes haan a d-ijr wers hij meyk!'' - You have to go to the doctor! (Because you should)
* ''Woes haan a d-ijr wers hij mëic!'' - You have to go to the doctor! (Because you should)
 
Imperative hasn't got an impersonal form.


===Infinitive, gerund and participle===
===Infinitive, gerund and participle===
Line 1,977: Line 2,074:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tense'''
!'''Tense'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Klamaar'''
!'''Clamaar'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Ooijr'''
!'''Oijr'''
!'''Vaar'''
!'''Vaar'''
!'''Ijr'''
!'''Ijr'''
Line 1,993: Line 2,090:
|-
|-
!'''Present'''
!'''Present'''
|zer
|ser
|haar
|haar
|klamaar
|clamaar
|dievier
|dievier
|wijvre
|wijvre
|ooijr
|oijr
|vaar
|vaar
|ijr
|ijr
Line 2,009: Line 2,106:
|-
|-
!'''Past'''
!'''Past'''
|haar zyt
|haar sit
|haar hijt
|haar hijt
|haar klamaat
|haar clamaat
|haar dievuit
|haar dievuit
|haar wijvut
|haar wijvut
|haar ooijt
|haar oijt
|haar vacht
|haar vagt
|haar ijt
|haar ijt
|haar daat
|haar daat
|haar dygt
|haar digt
|haar wijst
|haar wijst
|haar duigt
|haar duigt
Line 2,025: Line 2,122:
|}
|}


The gerund or '''gerrund''' is a complicated verbal form: it can have various meanings and translate different linguistic structures of English. It is formed by substituting the ''-(e)r'' of the infinitive for ''-(ee)nd'':
The gerund is a complicated verbal form: it can have various meanings and translate different linguistic structures of English. It is formed by substituting the infinitive ending for ''-aand'', ''-eend'' (for 2nd and 3rd conjugations) or ''-ijnd'':


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Tense'''
!'''Tense'''
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Wider'''
!'''Clamaar'''
!'''Rjalizer'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Diever'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Oder'''
!'''Oijr'''
!'''Vaar'''
!'''Vaar'''
!'''Ijr'''
!'''Ijr'''
!'''Daar'''
!'''Daar'''
!'''Dijr'''
!'''Wijr'''
!'''Duir'''
!'''Duir'''
!'''Vluer'''
!'''Vluir'''
!'''Proer'''
|-
|-
!'''Present'''
!'''Present'''
|zeend
|Seend
|haand
|Heend
|wideend
|Clamaand
|rjalizeend
|Dieveend
|dieveend
|Weiveend
|odeend
|Oijnd
|vaand
|Veend
|ijnd
|Ijnd
|daand
|Daand
|duind
|Dijeend
|vlueend
|Wijeend
|Duïeend
|Vluïeend
|Proëeend
|-
|-
!'''Past'''
!'''Past'''
|haand zit
|heend sit
|haand heit
|heend hijt
|haand wijst
|heend clamaat
|haand rjalizit
|heend dievuit
|haand dievit
|heend wijvut
|haand odit
|heend oijt
|haand vacht
|heend vagt
|haand ijt
|heend ijt
|haand daat
|heend daat
|haand duicht
|heend digt
|haand vlust
|heend wijst
|heend duigt
|heend vluigt
|heemd proes
|}
|}


It can be seen that this mood has got two tenses: ''present'' and ''past''. Very often gerund is used to translate adverbials of time, as in:
It can be seen that this mood has got two tenses: ''present'' and ''past''. Very often gerund is used to translate adverbials of time, as in:


* ''Haand odit id, is euft wie.'' - After that he heard it, he went away.
* ''Heend oijt id, is ijft awie.'' - After that he heard it, he went away.
* ''Mandeend, is ze ackorst ke id veu roe.'' - As he was eating, he noticed that it was late.
* ''Worraand, is sentijft ca id veut roe.'' - As he was eating, he noticed that it was late.


Gerund can translate adverbials of means or of manner also:
Gerund can translate adverbials of means or of manner also:


* ''Vuimeend, um zouft ries.'' - By smoking one don't obtain anything.
* ''Vuimaand, souftur ries.'' - By smoking one doesn't obtain anything.
* ''Ëe proes krijteend zim vleend.'' - She came screaming and crying.
* ''Le proes creitaand sim vleend.'' - She came screaming and crying.


The participle, or '''zoppijn''', has had a strong linguistic evolution: the present and the future tense of this mood are now used as nouns and adjectives and they're no more recognised as verbs. The only tense that is still seen as verb is the past, or '''zoppijn pervecht''', that can be used as adjective also.
The participle has had a strong linguistic evolution: the present and the future tense of this mood are now used as nouns and adjectives and they're no more recognised as verbs. The only tense that is still seen as verb is the past that can be used as adjective also.
The present of participle is formed by substituting the infinitive ending for ''-oer'' for masculine and ''-eur'' for feminine gender:
The present of participle is formed by substituting the infinitive ending for ''-oer'' for masculine and ''-eur'' for feminine gender (when it indicates a noun, otherwise it is used the only ending -oer):


* ''Hij kanteur est ieven.'' - The singing woman is young.
* ''Hij canteur es juiven.'' - The singing woman is young.
* ''Hij kantoer est zenn.'' - The singing man is old.
* ''Hij cantoer es prisc.'' - The singing man is old.


This tense has got not only masculine and feminine forms, but also singular and plural forms:
This tense has got not only masculine and feminine forms, but also singular and plural forms:


* ''Hies kanteurs zunt ieven.'' - The singing women are young.
* ''Hijs canteurs sunt juiven.'' - The singing women are young.
* ''Hies kantoers zunt zenn.'' - The singing men are old.
* ''Hijs cantoers sunt prisc.'' - The singing men are old.


If we want to use the terms ''zierel'' and ''zier'', than we have to change the structure of the sentence:
If we want to use the terms ''sierel'' and ''sier'', than we have to change the structure of the sentence:


* ''Hij zierel ki kant est ieven.'' - The singing woman (= the woman who sings) is young.
* ''Hij sierel qui cant es juiven.'' - The singing woman (= the woman who sings) is young.
* ''Hies ziers ki kanten zunt zenn.'' - The singing men (= the men who sing) are old.
* ''Hijs siers qui cantan sunt prisc.'' - The singing men (= the men who sing) are old.


The future of participle is formed by with the past stem of the verb and the ending ''-uir''. Nowadays the so formed words are recognised as nouns or, more rarely, as adjectives:
The future of participle is formed by with the past stem of the verb and the ending ''-uir''. Nowadays the so formed words are recognised as nouns or, more rarely, as adjectives:


* ''lechtuir'' - reading;
* ''legtuir'' - reading;
* ''kreituir'' - creature;
* ''creituir'' - creature;
* ''natuir'' - nature;
* ''natuir'' - nature;
* ''matuir'' - ripe, mature.
* ''matuir'' - ripe, mature.


The past participle is formed with the past stem of the verb and the ending ''-it''. As it is the only tense of the zoppijn that can be used still as verb, often with the term "zoppijn" they refer to this tense of the zoppijn. There are regular and irregular participles:
The past participle is formed with the past stem of the verb and the ending ''-aat'', ''-uit'', ''-ut'', ''-ijt''. As it is the only tense of the participle that can be used still as verb, often with the term "zoppijn" they refer to this tense of the participle. There are regular and irregular participles:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Zer'''
!'''Ser'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Haar'''
!'''Wider'''
!'''Clamaar'''
!'''Rjalizer'''
!'''Dievier'''
!'''Diever'''
!'''Wijvre'''
!'''Oder'''
!'''Oijr'''
!'''Vaar'''
!'''Vaar'''
!'''Ijr'''
!'''Ijr'''
!'''Daar'''
!'''Daar'''
!'''Dijr'''
!'''Wijr'''
!'''Duir'''
!'''Duir'''
!'''Vluer'''
!'''Vluir'''
!'''Ackorrer''' (to notice)
!'''Proer'''
!'''Leer''' (to read)
|-
|-
|zit
|sit
|heit
|hijt
|wijst
|clamaat
|rjalizit
|dievuit
|dievit
|weivut
|odit
|oijt
|vacht
|vagt
|ijt
|ijt
|daat
|daat
|duicht
|digt
|vlust
|wijst
|ackort
|duigt
|lecht
|vluigt
|proes
|}
|}
The stress shifts on the last syllable.


=== Other important verbs ===
=== Other important verbs ===


Among the analized verbs there is the verb ''diever'', "to have to". It is an important modal verb that is often followed by another verb in infinitive, ex.: ''Toe dieft vouwler'', "You have to talk".
Among the analized verbs there is the verb ''dievier'', "must". It is an important modal verb that is often followed by another verb in infinitive, ex.: ''Toe dieft garijr'', "You must talk".
Other main modal verbs are: '''schieder''', "can"; '''posser''', "may, to be allowed to"; '''weller''', "to want (to)"; '''koeger''', "need". Some of them are quite irregular:
Other main modal verbs are: '''xier''', "can"; '''cvier''', "may, to be allowed to"; '''woor''', "to want (to)"; '''coeger''', "need". Some of them are quite irregular:


'''PRESENT'''
'''PRESENT'''
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Schieder'''
!'''Xier'''
!'''Posser'''
!'''Cvier'''
!'''Weller'''
!'''Woor'''
!'''Koeger'''
!'''Coeger'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|schied
|xied
|pos
|cvie
|wol
|wou
|koeg
|coeg
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|schiedt
|xiedt
|podt
|cviet
|wout
|wout
|koegt
|coegt
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|schieden
|xien
|possen
|cvien
|wellen
|woun
|koegen
|coegun
|-
!'''imp.'''
|xiedtur
|cvietur
|woutur
|coegtur
|}
|}


Line 2,168: Line 2,284:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Schieder'''
!'''Xier'''
!'''Posser'''
!'''Cvier'''
!'''Weller'''
!'''Woor'''
!'''Koeger'''
!'''Coeger'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|haf sches
|haf xuit
|haf possit
|haf cvuit
|haf wellit
|haf wöut
|haf koewacht
|haf coegt
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|haft sches
|haft xuit
|haft possit
|haft cvuit
|haft wellit
|haft wöut
|haft koewacht
|haft coegt
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|haan sches
|haan xuit
|haan possit
|haan cvuit
|haan wellit
|haan wöut
|haan koewacht
|haan coegt
|-
!'''imp.'''
|haftur xuit
|haftur cvuit
|haftur wöut
|haftur coegt
|}
|}


Line 2,195: Line 2,317:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Schieder'''
!'''Xier'''
!'''Posser'''
!'''Cvier'''
!'''Weller'''
!'''Woor'''
!'''Koeger'''
!'''Coeger'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|sches
|xief
|posseu
|cvief
|welled
|woief
|koewieg
|quieg
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|schest
|xieft
|posseut
|cvieft
|welleudt
|woieft
|koewigt
|quiegt
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|schessern
|xiern
|posseurn
|cviern
|wellern
|woiern
|koewiegern
|quiern
|-
!'''imp.'''
|xieftur
|cvieftur
|woieftur
|quiegtur
|}
|}


Line 2,222: Line 2,350:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Schieder'''
!'''Xier'''
!'''Posser'''
!'''Cvier'''
!'''Weller'''
!'''Woor'''
!'''Koeger'''
!'''Coeger'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|schiedraf
|xieraf
|poddraf
|cvieraf
|welraf
|woraf
|koegraf
|coegraf
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|schiedraft
|xieraft
|poddraft
|cvieraft
|welraft
|woraft
|koegraft
|coegraft
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|schiedraan
|xieraan
|poddraan
|cvieraan
|welraan
|woraan
|koegraan
|coegraan
|-
!'''imp.'''
|xieraftur
|cvieraftur
|woraftur
|coegraftur
|}
|}


Line 2,249: Line 2,383:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Schieder'''
!'''Xier'''
!'''Posser'''
!'''Cvier'''
!'''Weller'''
!'''Woor'''
!'''Koeger'''
!'''Coeger'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''is'''
|schiede
|xiede
|posse
|cviëe
|wolle
|wouje
|koege
|coege
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|schiede
|xiedin
|posse
|cviëin
|wolle
|woujin
|koege
|coegin
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''imp.'''
|schieden
|xiedur
|possen
|cviëur
|wollen
|woujur
|koegen
|coegur
|}
|}


Line 2,276: Line 2,410:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Schieder'''
!'''Xier'''
!'''Posser'''
!'''Cvier'''
!'''Weller'''
!'''Woor'''
!'''Koeger'''
!'''Coeger'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg''' / '''toe''' / '''is'''
|schesses
|xiestre
|possuus
|cviestre
|welles
|woustre
|koewieges
|coestre
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|schesses
|xiestren
|possuus
|cviestren
|welles
|woustren
|koewiges
|coestren
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''imp.'''
|schessessen
|xiestrur
|possusen
|cviestrur
|wellessen
|woustrur
|koewiegessen
|coestrur
|}
|}


Line 2,303: Line 2,437:
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Schieder'''
!'''Xier'''
!'''Posser'''
!'''Cvier'''
!'''Weller'''
!'''Woor'''
!'''Koeger'''
!'''Coeger'''
|-
|-
!'''eg'''
!'''eg'''
|schiedru
|xiereef
|poddru
|cviereef
|welru
|woreef
|koegru
|coegreef
|-
|-
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
!'''toe''' / '''is'''
|schiedruut
|xiereeft
|poddruut
|cviereeft
|welruut
|woreeft
|koegruut
|coegreeft
|-
|-
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
!'''noes''' / '''woes''' / '''ïe'''
|schiedruun
|xiereen
|poddruun
|cviereen
|welruun
|woreen
|koegruun
|coegreen
|-
!'''imp.'''
|xiereeftur
|cviereeftur
|woreeftur
|coegreeftur
|}
|}


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{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Person'''
!'''Person'''
!'''Schieder'''
!'''Xier'''
!'''Posser'''
!'''Cvier'''
!'''Weller'''
!'''Woor'''
!'''Koeger'''
!'''Coeger'''
|-
|-
!'''toe'''
!'''toe'''
|schied
|xied
|pot
|cvie
|wol
|wou
|koeg
|coeg
|-
|-
!'''woes'''
!'''woes'''
|schiedet
|xiet
|posset
|cviet
|wellet
|woot
|koeget
|coegit
|}
|}


==Greetings==
==Greetings==


The main ''zöute'' ("greetings") in Aarlaansk are:
The main ''soüuuts'' ("greetings") in Aarlaansk are:


* ''Zaaf matijn'' - Good morning (used in the first hours of the morning, till 10.00 am);
* ''Duus matijn'' - Good morning (used in the first hours of the morning, till 10.00 am);
* ''Zaaf dij'' - Good morning (used till 01.00 pm);  
* ''Duus dij'' - Good morning (used till 01.00 pm);  
* ''Zaaf wertijn'' / ''Zaaf merrijd'' - Good afternoon! (used till 07.00 pm);  
* ''Duus merrijd'' - Good afternoon! (used till 07.00 pm);  
* ''Zaaf tard'' - Good evening (used till 22.00 pm);  
* ''Duus tard'' - Good evening (used till 22.00 pm);  
* ''Zaaf nocht'' - Good night (used after 22.00 pm and in the evening to say goodbye);
* ''Duus nogt'' - Good night (used after 22.00 pm and in the evening to say goodbye);
* ''Zouw'' / ''Zu'' - Hello / Hi;
* ''Souw'' / ''Su'' - Hello / Hi;
* ''Wal'' - Bye;
* ''Wal'' - Bye;
* ''Iriwiderne'' - Good bye;
* ''Wers riewijrne'' - Good bye;
* ''Koem te waadt?'' / ''Koem we waadt?'' - How art thou? / How are you?;
* ''Coem te waadt?'' / ''Coem u waadt?'' - How art thou? / How are you?;
* ''Recht, merkies, zim te'' / ''we?'' - Fine, thanks, and thou / you?;
* ''Regt, merquies, sim te'' / ''u?'' - Fine, thanks, and thou / you?;
* ''Mou'' / ''eger'' - Bad.
* ''Mou'' / ''eger'' - Bad.


The word ''merkies'', "thanks", has got a special pronunciation: it is to be read as [ma'ki:s], where the group ''er'' has become ''a'' (cf. some dialects in which ''merkies'' is written ''makkies'' or ''mukkies'' - we have also already explained the dialectal pronunciation of ''u'').
The word ''merquies'', "thanks", has got a special pronunciation: it is to be read as [ma'ki:s], where the group ''er'' has become ''a'' (cf. some dialects in which ''merquies'' is written ''macquies'' or ''mucquies'' - we have also already explained the dialectal pronunciation of ''u'').


==Calendar==
==Calendar==


In the Aarlaans they use a '''klendaar''', a "calendar", that is virtually the same that we use: the ''an'', the "year", is splitted into 12 ''mienze'' (sg. ''miens'', "month") that can last 31 or 30 ''dierns'' (sg. ''diern'', "day"). Just one month, ''Vebraars'', "February", has got 28 days, but every 4 years it has got 29 days and the year is a ''long an'', a "leap year".  
In the Aarlaans it is used a ''clendaar'', a "calendar", that is virtually the same that we use: the ''an'', the "year", is splitted into 12 ''miens'', "months", that can last 31 or 30 dijs. Just one month, ''Vebraars'', "February", has got 28 days, but every 4 years it has got 29 days and the year is a ''long an'', a "leap year".  


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Months'''
!'''Months'''
!'''Mienze'''
!'''Miens'''
|-
|-
!January
!January
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|-
|-
!April
!April
|Apprijls
|Aprijls
|-
|-
!May
!May
|Maais
|Maajs
|-
|-
!June
!June
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|-
|-
!July
!July
|Iels
|Juils
|-
|-
!August
!August
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|-
|-
!September
!September
|Zeptemmer
|Seftemmer
|-
|-
!October
!October
|Ochtoever
|Ogtoever
|-
|-
!November
!November
|Nowemmer
|Novemmer
|-
|-
!December
!December
|Deckemmer
|Diquemmer
|}
|}


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|}
|}


The ''zemaan'', the "week", has got 7 days:
The ''semaan'', the "week", has got 7 days:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
!'''Days of the week'''
!'''Days of the week'''
!'''Dierns ies hij zemaan'''
!'''Dijs a hij semaan'''
|-
|-
!Monday
!Monday
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|-
|-
!Wednesday
!Wednesday
|Merkris
|Mercris
|-
|-
!Thursday
!Thursday
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|-
|-
!Saturday
!Saturday
|Zaturnis
|Saturnis
|-
|-
!Sunday
!Sunday
|Zoelis
|Soelis
|}
|}


==Featured Language==
==Featured Language==


Aarlaansk has been nominated to be featured. Though it hasn't yet been featured I have translated this banner:
Aarlaansc has been nominated to be featured. Though it hasn't yet been featured I have translated this banner:


{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:100%"
! Wessil a Hunraat Artieleng
! Wessil a Horraat Artieleng
|-
|-
| '''Noes hoenrern zesen ist leng.'''
| '''Noes daarn sesen honnoer wers ist leng.'''
Noes haan eelgit id kuir id tent uin bon vachtuir, uin nit havit zim muut uize.
Noes em haan eelgut cuir le haft uin bon vagtuir, uin nit havit sim muit uis.
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:100%"
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:100%"
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[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Romance]]
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Romance]][[Category:Indo-European languages]]
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