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{{construction|date=15:14, 9 September 2020 (UTC)}}
{{Featured}}
<!--{{construction|date=15:14, 9 September 2020 (UTC)}}-->
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name         = Avendonian
|image            = Flag of Avendonia full.png
|nativename   = <span style="font-weight: normal;">''avendoniano''</span>
|imagesize        = 185px
|pronunciation = [[IPA for Avendonian|[avendoˈni̯ano&#93;]]
|imagecaption      = Flag of Avendonia
|states (state) = Avendonia
|name             = Avendonian
|region        = Avendonia, Northern Italic Peninsula
|nativename       = avendoniano
|date          = 2009
|pronunciation     = avendoˈni̯ano
|familycolor   = Indo-European
|pronunciation_key = IPA for Avendonian
|fam1          = [[w:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]
|state             = Avendonia
|fam2          = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|setting          = Alt-history [[w:Europe|Europe]], Northern [[w:Italian Peninsula|Italian Peninsula]]
|fam3          = [[w:West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
|created          = 2009
|fam4         = Pre-Avendonian creole
|familycolor       = Indo-European
|ancestor      = Old Avendonian
|fam2              = [[w:Germanic languages|Germanic]]
|creator       = S.C.
|fam3              = [[w:West Germanic languages|West Germanic]]
|dia1         = North Adriatic (''nordadriatico'')
|fam4              = ''{{Abbtip|partially|part.}}''&nbsp;[[w:Elbe Germanic|Elbe&nbsp;Germanic]]
|dia2         = Alpine (''alpino'')
|ancestor         = Pre-Avendonian
|dia3         = High Burgundian (''ocburgundico'')
|creator           = S.C.
|dia4         = Low Burgundian (''lagburgundico'')
|dia1             = North Adriatic (''nordadriatico'')
|dia5         = Genoese (''genoico'')
|dia2             = Alpine (''alpino'')
|stand1       = Central Avendonian dialect
|dia3             = High Burgundian (''ocburgundico'')
|script        = Latin
|dia4             = Low Burgundian (''lagburgundico'')
|nation       = Avendonia
|dia5             = Genoese (''genoico'')
|map           = Flag of Avendonia square 2.png
|stand1           = Central Avendonian dialect
|mapsize       = 100px
|script1          = Latn
|mapcaption   = Map
|nation           = Avendonia
|notice       = av-IPA
|agency            = Grunditio Cuningica per la Spraca Avendoniana
|map               = Locator Map Avendonia.png
|mapsize           = 280px
|mapcaption       = Rough borders of Avendonia
|notice           = IPA
}}
}}
'''Avendonian''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''avendoniano''; <small>Avendonian:&nbsp;</small><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Avendonian|[avendoˈni̯ano&#93;]]</span>) is a [[w:West Germanic language|West Germanic language]], with strong influence of [[w:Vulgar Latin|Vulgar Latin]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both regions, after West Germanic merchants began travelling to and from the [[w:Western Roman Empire|Western Roman Empire]]. Eventually, settlements were established in what will become modern-day Avendonia, where Avendonian is primarily spoken, with official status.
 
'''Avendonian''' ([[w:endonym|autoglossonym]]: ''avendoniano''; <small>Avendonian:&nbsp;</small><span class="nowrap" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" style="font-family:Gentium,'DejaVu Sans','Segoe UI',sans-serif">[[IPA for Avendonian|[avendoˈni̯ano&#93;]]</span>) is a [[w:West Germanic language|West Germanic language]], with strong influence of [[w:Vulgar Latin|Vulgar Latin]]. It is the result of a prolonged contact among members of both regions after West Germanic merchants began traveling to and from the [[w:Western Roman Empire|Western Roman Empire]]. These connections—and the conquest by the Germanic tribes of the northern skirts of the Roman Empire—slowly formed a [[w:creole language|creole]] for mutual communication. Eventually, permanent settlements were established in what would become modern-day Avendonia, where Avendonian is primarily spoken, with official status.
 
While its vocabulary derives for the most part from [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], Latin influence is most notable in its phonology and its grammar.
 
==Etymology==
The language name derives directly from the country it is spoken in, Avendonia. It makes reference to the Roman description of the Avendonian peoples, which were settled west of Rome; in the direction of the setting sun. Ultimately from {{mn|gem-pro|*ēbanþs|t=evening}}, it came to mean “sunset people” or “people of the setting sun”.
 
==Orthography==
The Avendonian alphabet consists of 18 letters, five of which are vowels and 13 consonants. There are no diacritics, and contractions make use of the apostrophe to mark vowel omission.
<center>
{| class="wikitable" style="width: 50em; text-align: center; border-collapse:collapse;"
! colspan="18" | Letters of the Avendonian alphabet
|-
| Aa || Bb || Cc || Dd || Ee || Ff || Gg || Ii || Ll || Mm || Nn || Oo || Pp || Rr || Ss || Tt || Uu || Vv
|}
</center>
Non-native letters such as Jj, Kk, Qq, Zz, etc. may occur in some foreign words or proper nouns, chiefly in toponyms and given names. Yy is part of the alphabet of the Burgundian dialects of Avendonian, like in '''{{term|dydere}}'''.
 
The letters correspond almost one-to-one to their pronunciation. The Avendonian orthography is considered [[w:shallow orthography|shallow]] or [[w:phonetic orthography|phonetic]], as opposed to deep orthographies like [[w:French orthography|French's]]. The orthography features that do not follow the correspondence are:
* The letters '''c''' and '''g''' make the sound /{{IPA|t͡ʃ}}/ and /{{IPA|d͡ʒ}}/, respectively, if followed by '''e''' or '''i'''. Examples: '''{{term|cicare}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|t͡͡ʃiˈkare}}/, '''{{term|geldo}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|ˈd͡ʒeldo}}/.
* '''t''' in the combination '''ti''' makes the sound /{{IPA|t͡s}}/. Example: '''{{term|tite}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|ˈt͡site}}/.
* The combination '''gn''' makes the sound /{{IPA|ɲ}}/, as in Italian or Spanish ''ñ''. Example: '''{{term|gnagare}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|ɲaˈgare}}/.
* '''i''' in intervocalic position or word-initially turns into the semivowel /{{IPA|j}}/. Examples: '''{{term|iaro}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|ˈjaro}}/, '''{{term|bluiare}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|bluˈjare}}/.
* The [[w:digraph (Orthography)|digraph]] '''sc''' before [[w:front vowel|front vowels]] (that is, '''i''' and '''e''') makes the sound /{{IPA|ʃ}}/. Example: '''{{term|sciio}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|ˈʃijo}}/.
* The digraph '''ch''' makes the sound /{{IPA|k}}/, and it is only found in [[w:loanword|loanword]]s.
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Consonant phonemes
|-
!
! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br>[[w:Alveolar consonant|alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]/<br>[[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
|-
! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal nasal|ɲ]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced velar nasal|ŋ]])
|-
! [[w:stop consonant|Stop]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless bilabial stop|p]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial stop|b]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar stop|t]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar stop|d]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
|-
! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palato-alveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]]
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:fricative consonant|Fricative]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless palato-alveolar fricative|ʃ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
|-
! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar trill|r]]
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|-
! [[w:Flap consonant|Flap]]
| colspan="2" |
| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | ([[w:Voiced alveolar tap|ɾ]])
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" |
|}
 
Notes:
* As stated in [[#Orthography|§Orthography]], /{{IPA|k, g, sk}}/ palatalize to /{{IPA|t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ, ʃ}}/ before front vowels /{{IPA|i, e}}/.
* When followed or preceded by a vowel but not word-initially, /{{IPA|i}}/ shortens and forms a diphthong with the adjacent vowel. Examples: '''{{term|sigie}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|ˈsid͡ʒi̯e}}/, '''{{term|perstelitio}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|persteˈlit͡si̯o}}/.
* [{{IPA|ɾ}}] is a permissible allophone of /{{IPA|r}}/ in fast speech.
* [{{IPA|ŋ}}] is an allophone of /{{IPA|n}}/ before velar stops /{{IPA|k, g}}/, both intra- and intersyllabically, although the former can only happen in the [[#Burgundian dialects|Low Burgundian dialect]].<br>Examples: '''{{term|drincare}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|driŋˈkare}}/, '''{{term|anguste}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|aŋˈguste}}/, Low Burgundian '''{{term|clang}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|klaŋg}}/ (standard '''{{term|clango}}''').
 
===Vowels===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ Vowel phonemes
|-
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Central vowel|Central]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]]
|-
! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
| style="border-right:0;"| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || style="border-left:0;"| ([[w:Close front rounded vowel|y]]) || || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
|-
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
| colspan="2"| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
|-
|-
! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
| colspan="2" | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] || ||
|}
 
Notes:
* /{{IPA|y}}/ is native to the Burgundian dialects. See [[#Burgundian dialects|§Dialects]] below.
* /{{IPA|e, o}}/ may be realized as [{{IPA|e̞, o̞}}].
 
===Prosody===
Avendonian is strictly paroxytonic, meaning words always receive stress on their second-to-last syllable.
: '''{{term|spraca}}'''&nbsp;({{sc|spra}}‑ca)&nbsp;/{{IPA|ˈspra.ka}}/, '''{{term|ordo}}'''&nbsp;({{sc|or}}‑do)&nbsp;/{{IPA|ˈor.do}}/, '''{{term|bucaria}}'''&nbsp;(bu‑{{sc|ca}}‑ria)&nbsp;/{{IPA|buˈka.ri̯a}}/, etc.
Monosyllabic words like '''{{term|blio}}''' have the stress in their only syllable, but it is weaker than those in polysyllabic words unless emphasized. Enclitic and other unstressed personal pronouns do not affect stress patterns:
: '''{{term|elpare}}-{{term|te}}''', /{{IPA|elˈpa.re‿te}}/ and not /{{IPA|el.paˈre‿te}}/
Longer words (four or more syllables) may receive secondary stress in the fourth-to-last syllable (i.e. two syllables before the main or primary stress):
: '''{{term|sobgrundsporvego}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|sobˌgrund.sporˈve.go}}/, '''{{term|surstopitio}}'''&nbsp;/{{IPA|ˌsur.stoˈpi.t͡si̯o}}/
 
==Grammar==
Avendonian grammar is relatively straightforward and akin to the grammar of other Romance languages, due to the influence of Latin.
# Two sets of articles, indefinite and definite, preceding the noun.
# Gender and number inflection in nouns, adjectives, and pronouns. Articles and adjectives must agree inflection-wise with the noun or pronoun they modify.
# Twofold gender system, masculine and feminine. Loss of Latin neuter gender.
# Fusional verb inflection for person, number, mood, and tense.
However, noun and adjective declension endings, along with the ablaut in strong verbs are elements derived from Germanic.
 
===Articles===
Both definite and indefinite articles have four distinct forms, for number and gender:
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; border: 0; background:transparent; width:auto; text-align: center; float: left;"
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Indefinite articles
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| {{term|uno}} || {{term|una}}
|-
! plural
| {{term|uni}} || {{term|une}}
|-
|}
&#32;
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Definite articles
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| {{term|el}} || {{term|la}}
|-
! plural
| {{term|li}} || {{term|le}}
|-
|}
|}
<br>
Avendonian articles function similarly as English ''a'' and ''the'', but gender and number of the following noun determine the form that must be used. For example:
: '''{{term|buce}}''' ''{{Abbtip|masculine gender|m}}&nbsp;{{Abbtip|singular number|sg}}'' → '''el buce''' (“the book”), '''uno buce''' (“a book”).
: '''{{term|frage}}''' ''{{Abbtip|feminine gender|f}}&nbsp;{{Abbtip|plural number|pl}}'' → '''le frage''' (“the questions”), '''une frage''' (“some questions”).
: etc.
The definite article '''el''' forms a contraction with prepositions '''{{term|a}}''' and '''{{term|de}}''', using an apostrophe: '''a'l''', '''d'el'''. These are the only standard contractions; other contractions like '''{{term|ca ga't|Ca ga't?}}''' from '''{{term|ga}}'''&nbsp;+&nbsp;'''{{term|et}}''' (“How goes it?”, greeting) are permissible but discouraged in formal writing.
 
===Demonstratives===
In Avendonian there are two sets of demonstratives, which can be used either as determiners or pronouns: [[w:Demonstrative#Distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal and distal]]. As adjectives, the stem may be suffixed with '''-ie''' to form adverbs, '''{{term|ecie}}''' ‘here’ and '''{{term|elie}}''' ‘there’.
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="2" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Proximal demonstratives
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| {{term|eco}} || {{term|eca}}
|-
! plural
| {{term|eci}} || {{term|ece}}
|-
|}
&#32;
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Distal demonstratives
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| {{term|elo}} || {{term|ela}}
|-
! plural
| {{term|eli}} || {{term|ele}}
|-
|}
|}
 
===Nouns===
{| class="wikitable" style="float: right; text-align: center;"
|+ Avendonian noun declensions
|-
! !! [[:Category:Avendonian a-stem nouns|A-stem]] !! [[:Category:Avendonian o-stem nouns|O-stem]] !! [[:Category:Avendonian e-stem nouns|E-stem]] !! [[:Category:Avendonian u-stem nouns|U-stem]]
|-
! singular
| -a || -o || rowspan="2" | -e || -o
|-
! plural
| -e || -i || -u
|}
Nouns in Avendonian fall in one of the following almost fully regular declensions:
* '''A-stem''': mostly feminine nouns. From [[w:Latin declension#First declension (a stems)|Latin first declension]] and [[w:Proto-Germanic grammar#ō-stems|Germanic ō-]] and [[w:Proto-Germanic grammar#ōn-stems|ōn-stems]]. E.g. '''{{term|erda}}'''.
* '''O-stem''': chiefly masculine nouns. From [[w:Latin declension#Second declension (o stems)|Latin second declension]] and [[w:Proto-Germanic grammar#a-stems|Germanic a-stems]]. E.g. '''{{term|vundro}}'''.
* '''E-stem''': both genders. From the [[w:Latin declension#Third declension|third]] and [[w:Latin declension#Fifth declension (e stems)|fifth declensions of Latin]] and various Germanic stems (like [[w:Proto-Germanic grammar#an-stems|an-stems]]). E.g. '''{{term|snege}}'''.
* '''U-stem''': both genders but mainly masculine. From Latin [[w:Latin declension#Fourth declension (u stems)|fourth declension]] and [[w:Proto-Germanic grammar#u-stems|u-stem]] from Germanic. E.g. '''{{term|vintro}}'''.
Notable exceptions are the productive suffix '''{{term|-tio}}''', which forms feminine o-stem nouns from verbs, and the '''{{term|-ista}}''' suffix forms [[w:epicenity#Specialized uses|epicene]] a-stem nouns. Other words have no distinctive feature in the modern language, i.e. differences are etymological.
 
===Personal pronouns===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; float: right;"
|+ Avendonian personal pronouns
|-
! colspan=3 rowspan=2 | !! colspan=2 | personal pronouns !! rowspan=2 | possessive<br>pronoun
|-
! [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#subject|subjective]] !! [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#object|objective]]
|-
! rowspan=2 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#first person|first<br>person]] !! colspan=2 | singular
| {{term|eo}} || {{term|me}} || {{term|mede}}
|- valign="top"
! colspan=2 valign="middle" | plural
| {{term|vi}} || {{term|nos}} || {{term|nosde}}
|-
! rowspan=3 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#second person|second<br>person]] !! rowspan=2 | singular !! default
| {{term|tu}} || {{term|te}} || {{term|tede}}
|-
! formal
| colspan=2 | {{term|Si}} || {{term|Side}}
|-
! colspan=2 | plural
| {{term|i}} || {{term|vos}} || {{term|vosde}}
|-
! rowspan=4 | [[wikt:Appendix:Glossary#third person|third<br>person]] !! rowspan=3 | singular !! masculine
| {{term|e}} || rowspan=4 | {{term|si}} || rowspan=4 | {{term|side}}
|-
! feminine
| {{term|si}}
|-
! neuter
| {{term|et}}
|-
! colspan=2 | plural
| {{term|si}}
|}
Personal pronouns in Avendonian have the following forms:
* Avendonian is not a pro-drop language, like other Romance languages. In other words, the subject, which may or may not be a personal pronoun must appear in every sentence, except in relative clauses where the subject of both statements is the same.
:: '''Eo spreco avendoniano.''' “I speak Avendonian.”
:: '''El hundo ce (et) va mudio asatui.''' “The dog which was tired sat down.”
* Objective pronouns act as the direct object of a sentence. If the verb is an infinitive or an imperative, the pronoun is attached to it with a hyphen; otherwise, it precedes the verb.
:: '''E me gavo uno scenco en el burddago mede.''' “He gave me a present for my birthday.”
:: '''Bido, sende-me uno posrito cando si encumen.''' “Please, send me a message when they arrive.”
* Possessive pronouns can function as determiners and pronouns, i.e. ''my'' and ''mine''. Possessives<br>must be written in the form of [article] + [noun] + [possessive]. The article still agrees in gender and number with the noun.
{{col-begin|75%}}
{{col-n|2}}
::: '''El vagno mede.''' ‘My car’
{{col-n|2}}
'''Le sceiate side.''' ‘His/Her/Their stories’
{{col-end}}
:: '''Pergatasti tu el buce tede? Eo cuno liare el mede.''' “Did you forget your book? I can lend you mine.”
* Avendonian has, as in the Romance languages, [[w:T–V distinction|T–V distinction]]. This distinction is lost in the plural. Formal second-person pronouns are always capitalized, in all forms, no matter the environment.
:: '''Bido ero, ce bi el name Side?''' “Excuse me, sir, what is your name?” (formal)
:: '''Si Si bi perlisato, vi cunamos ledere-Si.''' “If you are lost, we can guide you.” (formal)
 
===Adjectives===
As said above, adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun, and are placed after them. They exist in three [[w:Comparison (grammar)|degrees]]: positive, comparative, and superlative. All three degrees have an adverbial form, using the suffix '''-ie'''. In other words, every adjective can be morphed into an adverb.
====Positive degree====
The positive degree is the default form of Avendonian adjectives, which simply describes the noun. It is also the only degree subject to declensional variation. The declension patterns are exactly as those of nouns, although '''{{term|porpora}}''' is considered irregular, not a-stem.
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-n}}
: '''Uno vagno roto.''' ‘A red car’
{{Col-n}}
: '''La dotre sciia mede.''' ‘My shy daughter’
{{Col-n}}
: '''Li landi fere.''' ‘The distant/far countries’
{{Col-end}}
The same forms can also be used predicatively. Thus: '''La dotre mede bi sciia.''' “My daughter is shy.”, '''Li landi bin fere.''' “The countries are far (away).”, etc.
Passive participles can function as regular adjectives, and active participles (or gerunds) result in undeclinable adjectives. An example of an adjective of each declension is given:
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ O-stem
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|alto}}'' (“old”)
|-
! {{Abbtip|positive|posv|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| alto || alta
|-
! plural
| alti || alte
|-
|}
&#32;
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[:Category:Avendonian e-stem adjectives|E-stem]]
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|comene}}'' (“common”)
|-
! {{Abbtip|positive|posv|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | comene
|-
! plural
|-
|}
&#32;
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[:Category:Avendonian u-stem adjectives|U-stem]]
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|engo}}'' (“narrow”)
|-
! {{Abbtip|positive|posv|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| colspan="2" | engo
|-
! plural
| colspan="2" | engu
|-
|}
&#32;
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[:Category:Avendonian irregular adjectives|Irregular]]
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|porpora}}'' (“purple”)
|-
! {{Abbtip|positive|posv|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| colspan="2" | porpora
|-
! plural
| colspan="2" | porpore
|-
|}
|}
 
====Comparative degree====
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border: 0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center; float: right;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Regular
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|alto}}'' (“old”)
|-
! {{Abbtip|comparative|cmpr|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| altior || altiora
|-
! plural
| altiori || altiore
|-
|}
&#32;
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Irregular
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|guto}}'' (“good”)
|-
! {{Abbtip|comparative|cmpr|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| betior || betiora
|-
! plural
| betiori || betiore
|-
|}
|}
Avendonian comparative adjectives can establish three sorts of comparison: equative (''X is as Y as Z''), superior (''X is more Y than Z''), and inferior (''X is less Y than Z''). Fusional endings are only used in<br>equative comparatives. Consider the following example:
* ''Iane is shorter than Vilelmo.'' '''Iane bi curtior ce Vilelmo.'''
* ''Iane is as short as Vilelmo.'' '''Iane bi ta curto ca Vilelmo.'''
* ''Iane is “less short” than Vilelmo.'' '''Iane bi minire curto ca Vilelmo'''.
Notice the use of different prepositions in each comparison. Both ''X'' and ''Z'' can be personal pronouns, only in the subject form.
* ''You are shorter than me.'' '''Tu bis curtior ce eo.'''
 
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border: 0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center; float: right;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Regular
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|alto}}'' (“old”)
|-
! {{Abbtip|superlative|supl|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| altesmo || altesma
|-
! plural
| altesmi || altesme
|-
|}
&#32;
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Irregular
! colspan="3" style="background: #c8c8c8;" | ''{{term|guto}}'' (“good”)
|-
! {{Abbtip|superlative|supl|sc}} !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| betesmo || betesma
|-
! plural
| betesmi || betesme
|-
|}
|}
====Superlative degree====
Superlatives are always preceded by a definite article, and both must agree with the noun they are modifying. Thus:
* '''Iane bi el curtesmo.''' “Iane is the shortest.”
* '''Iane e Vilelmo bin li curtesmi.''' “Iane and Vilelmo are the shortest.”
 
====Indeclinable adjectives====
Some adjectives have a single form for all degrees, but the same effect is achieved by placing before them the adverbs '''{{term|mere}}''' and '''{{term|mesto}}'''. Some of these adjectives are indeclinable for etymological reasons (e.g. '''{{term|na}}''') or because of their nature as active participles (e.g. '''{{term|denemanti}}'''). '''Mesto''' however does inflect for gender and number, like a regular adjective.
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-n}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''{{term|na}}'' (“near, close”)
|-
! positive !! comparative !! superlative
|-
| na || mere na || mesto na
|-
|}
{{Col-n}}
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border: 0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: left;"
|-
|&nbsp;
|-
| style="vertical-align: middle;" |
* ''That joke is the most welcome.''<br>'''Elo stricolo bi el mesto vilicume.'''
|-
|&nbsp;
|-
|}
{{Col-n}}
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="border: 0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: left; vertical-align: middle;"
|-
|&nbsp;
|-
| style="vertical-align: middle;" |
* ''Those jokes are the most welcome.''<br>'''Eli stricoli bin li mesti vilicume.'''
|-
|&nbsp;
|-
|}
{{Col-end}}
===Verbs===
Verbs are the part of speech that exhibits the most morphology in Avendonian. There are ten main tenses, three moods, six persons, and two numbers—passive participles inflect for gender too. Verbs in Avendonian are, in general, very regular except for a small set of verbs, which includes the [[w:Copula (linguistics)|copula]] '''{{term|sire}}'''.
 
Avendonian classifies both weak and strong verbs in two conjugations, '''-are''' (first conjugation) and '''-ere''' (second conjugation). The former are the most prone to have [[w:ablaut|ablaut]], which changes the vowel of the stem in the perfect tenses.
 
====Weak verbs====
{| class="multicol" role="presentation" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0; background: transparent; width:auto; text-align: center;"
| rowspan="5" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | weak 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation example paradigm — ''{{term|ladare}}'' (“to load”)
|-
! colspan="3" | active participle
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | ladanti
|-
! colspan="3" | passive participle
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| ladato || ladata
|-
! plural
| ladati || ladate
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
|-
! rowspan="5" | indicative
! present
| lado
| ladas
| lada
| ladamos
| ladates
| ladan
|-
! perfect
| lade
| ladasti
| lado
| ladamos
| ladastes
| ladaron
|-
! imperfect
| ladaba
| ladabas
| ladaba
| ladabamos
| ladabates
| ladaban
|-
! future
| ladarabo
| ladarabes
| ladarabe
| ladarabemos
| ladarabetes
| ladaraben
|-
! conditional
| ladaraba
| ladarabas
| ladaraba
| ladarabamos
| ladarabates
| ladaraban
|-
! rowspan="2" | subjunctive
! present
| lade
| lades
| lade
| lademos
| ladetes
| laden
|-
! perfect
| ladase
| ladases
| ladase
| ladasemos
| ladasetes
| ladasen
|-
!  colspan="2" | imperative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| lada
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| ladan
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
&#32;
| style="text-align: center; vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none; width:80%;"
|-
|+ class="nowrap" | weak 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation example paradigm — ''{{term|ladere}}'' (“to invite”)
|-
! colspan="3" | active participle
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" | ladenti
|-
! colspan="3" | passive participle
| colspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| ladeto || ladeta
|-
! plural
| ladeti || ladete
|-
|}
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
|-
! rowspan="5" | indicative
! present
| lado
| lades
| lade
| lademos
| ladetes
| laden
|-
! perfect
| ladui
| laduis
| ladui
| laduimos
| laduites
| laduin
|-
! imperfect
| ladia
| ladias
| ladia
| ladiamos
| ladiates
| ladian
|-
! future
| laderabo
| laderabes
| laderabe
| laderabemos
| laderabetes
| laderaben
|-
! conditional
| laderaba
| laderabas
| laderaba
| laderabamos
| laderabates
| laderaban
|-
! rowspan="2" | subjunctive
! present
| lada
| ladas
| lada
| ladamos
| ladates
| ladan
|-
! perfect
| laduise
| laduises
| laduise
| laduisemos
| laduisetes
| laduisen
|-
!  colspan="2" | imperative
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| lade
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
| laden
| style="background-color:#aaa" |
|}
|}
Notice:
* The only difference between active and passive participles, present indicative, future, and conditional of each conjugation is the [[w:Thematic vowel#Latin|thematic vowel]]. E.g. 2{{Abbtip|singular number|sg|sc}} {{Abbtip|present tense|prs|sc}} {{Abbtip|indicative mood|ind|sc}} '''lad<u>a</u>s''' vs. '''lad<u>e</u>s'''.
* Perfect subjunctive forms are perfect indicative forms with a '''-se''' suffix.
* If the thematic vowel is '''-a-''', then the vowel in the present subjunctive endings is '''-e-''', and vice versa.
* The personal endings in their most basic form are '''-Ø''', '''-s''', '''-Ø''', '''-mos''', '''-tes''', '''-n'''.
* Imperative forms are exactly as singular and plural third-person present indicative forms. Formal imperatives are formed similarly with present subjunctive forms.
 
====Strong verbs====
Strong verbs are conjugated as weak verbs, but the main stem vowel undergoes a phonological process known as ablaut. This is present in the indicative and subjunctive perfect tense. In the following example, the tenses that remain unchanged are omitted.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
|+ colspan="100%"|[[:Category:Avendonian first-conjugation strong verbs|strong 1<sup>st</sup> conjugation]] example paradigm — ''{{term|scedare}}'' (“to separate”)
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
|-
! rowspan="2" | indicative
! present
| sc'''e'''do
| sc'''e'''das
| sc'''e'''da
| sc'''e'''damos
| sc'''e'''dates
| sc'''e'''dan
|-
! perfect
| sc'''i'''de
| sc'''i'''dasti
| sc'''i'''do
| sc'''i'''damos
| sc'''i'''dastes
| sc'''i'''daron
|-
! subjunctive
! perfect
| sc'''i'''dase
| sc'''i'''dases
| sc'''i'''dase
| sc'''i'''dasemos
| sc'''i'''dasetes
| sc'''i'''dasen
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
|+ colspan="100%"|[[:Category:Avendonian second-conjugation strong verbs|strong 2<sup>nd</sup> conjugation]] example paradigm — ''{{term|evere}}'' (“to lift”)
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
|-
! rowspan="2" | indicative
! present
| '''e'''vo
| '''e'''ves
| '''e'''ve
| '''e'''vemos
| '''e'''vetes
| '''e'''ven
|-
! perfect
| '''u'''vui
| '''u'''vuis
| '''u'''vui
| '''u'''vuimos
| '''u'''vuites
| '''u'''vuin
|-
! subjunctive
! perfect
| '''u'''vuise
| '''u'''vuises
| '''u'''vuise
| '''u'''vuisemos
| '''u'''vuisetes
| '''u'''vuisen
|-
|}
Second-conjugation strong verbs are much less common than first-conjugation. They are derived from [[wikt:Appendix:Proto-Germanic verbs#j-presents|Proto-Germanic j-present strong verbs]], which were already scarce.
 
====Irregular verbs====
Besides the copula, there are only two irregular verbs: '''{{term|duere}}''' and '''{{term|friiere}}'''—and [[w:Derivative (linguistics)|derivatives]] thereof.
In the perfect tenses, '''duere''' uses '''-v-''' instead of the expected '''-u-''': '''eo davi''', not ''*eo daui'', '''tu davis''', not ''*tu dauis'', etc.; '''eo davise''', '''tu davises''', etc.
 
'''friiere''', on the other hand, has an irregularity in the imperfect indicative tense. The expected ''*eo friiia'', ''*tu friiias'', etc. is rendered as '''eo frigia''', '''tu frigias''', etc.
=====''sire'', to be=====
Like many other languages, including Romance and Germanic, the verb ''to be'' is very irregular. The copula is [[w:suppletion|suppletive]], meaning the stem changes between tenses. A full conjugation paradigm is given.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-style="background: #c8c8c8; font-weight:bold"
| colspan="2" | tense || colspan="6" | forms || etymology
|-
! colspan="2" | infinitive
| colspan="6" | {{term|sire}}
| <ref name="h1es">Ultimately from {{mn|ine-pro|*h₁es-}}. Cognate with {{mn|de|sein}} and {{mn|nl|zijn}}.</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | active participle
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" | vesanti
| <ref name="wesanan">From {{mn|gem-pro|*wesaną}}.</ref>
|-
! colspan="2" | passive participle
| colspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|-
! !! masculine !! feminine
|-
! singular
| sito || sita
|-
! plural
| siti || site
|-
|}
| <ref name="h1es" />
|-
|-
! colspan="2" style="background:linear-gradient(to top right,#EAECF0 49.5%,#aaa 49.5%,#aaa 50.5%,#EAECF0 50.5%);line-height:1;" | <div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right;">person&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tense</div>
! style="width:12.5%" | first singular<br/>''eo''
! style="width:12.5%" | second singular<br/>''tu''
! style="width:12.5%" | third singular<br/>''e'', ''si'', ''et''
! style="width:12.5%" | first plural<br/>''vi''
! style="width:12.5%" | second plural<br/>''i''
! style="width:12.5%" | third plural<br/>''si''
! &nbsp;
|-
! rowspan="5" | indicative
! present
| bi
| bis
| bin
| bimos
| bites
| bin
| <ref name="beunan">From {{mn|gem-pro|*beuną}}.</ref>
|-
! perfect
| va
| vas
| va
| vamos
| vates
| van
| <ref name="wesanan" />
|-
! imperfect
| era
| eras
| era
| eramos
| erates
| eran
| <ref name="sum">From {{mn|la|sum}}.</ref>
|-
! future
| sirabo
| sirabes
| sirabe
| sirabemos
| sirabetes
| siraben
| rowspan="3" | <ref name="h1es" />
|-
! conditional
| siraba
| sirabas
| siraba
| sirabamos
| sirabates
| siraban
|-
! rowspan="2" | subjunctive
! present
| si
| sis
| si
| simos
| sites
| sin
|-
! perfect
| vari
| varis
| vari
| varimos
| varites
| varin
| <ref name="wesanan" />
|-
!  colspan="2" | imperative
| &nbsp;
| si
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| sin
| &nbsp;
| <ref name="h1es" />
|-
| colspan="9" style="border:none; background: white;text-align:justify;font-size:3px" | &nbsp;
|-
| colspan="9" style="border:none; background: white;text-align:justify" | <references />
|}
 
====Periphrastic forms====
The future and conditional forms shown in all tables above are more common in formal settings. Usually, in everyday Avendonian, constructions with the verb '''{{term|verdare}}''' (“to become”) and an infinitive following it are used instead. If '''verdare''' is inflected as present, the periphrasis conveys a future meaning. If the verb is in the perfect tense, it functions as a conditional. Compare:
: '''Eo si duerabo morgano.'''
: '''Eo verdo duere-si morgano.''' “I will do it tomorrow.”
: '''Vi Si geldarabamos sed ne abemos nilo.'''
: '''Vi vardamos geldare-te sed ne abemos nilo.''' “We would pay you but we have nothing.”
Note that '''verdare''' is a [[#Strong verbs|strong verb]], so it undergoes ablaut in the past as usual.
 
==Dialects==
:{{Ambox
| name      = Planned revamp
| small    = left
| subst    = <includeonly>{{subst:substcheck}}</includeonly>
| issue    = The creator of the language has expressed their intent of overhauling the dialect system. Thus, the information hereon provided is the latest available.<br>This section will be updated with the newest information once it is released.
| talk      = Dialects
| style    = width: auto; margin-right: 0px;
| textstyle = width: auto;
| date      = September 2020
}}
There are six major dialects of Avendonian. Central Avendonian (or '''midio''') is considered the standard language, and it is the language most of the author's work is based upon. The main features of the other five dialects will be discussed in the following sections.
===Alpine dialect===
The [[:Category:Alpine dialect|Alpine dialect]] ('''avendoniano alpino''' in Avendonian) is characterized by the partial application of the [[w:High German consonant shift|High German consonant shift]]. This results in words like '''{{term|trincare}}''' (central '''{{term|drincare}}'''), '''{{term|esare}}''' (central '''{{term|etare}}'''), etc.
The perfect tense is periphrastic in Alpine Avendonian. In place of the inflectional endings, a verbal construction is used. Its structure is [present indicative or subjunctive of '''{{term|abere}}''', inflected for person and number] + [masculine singular passive participle of the main verb]. E.g. '''eo levui''' vs. '''eo abo leveto'''.
 
===Burgundian dialects===
Both Burgundian dialects feature historical diphthongs no longer extant in other dialects, where they merged with another vowel. [[w:Proto-Germanic language|Proto-Germanic]] ''*ō'', ''*eu'' which gave '''u''', '''i''' elsewhere, became '''uo''', '''ie''' in the Burgundian dialects&nbsp;–&nbsp;for instance, '''{{term|buoce}}''' and '''{{term|friesare}}''' vs. central '''{{term|buce}}''' and '''{{term|frisare}}'''. They also share the presence of '''y''' /{{IPA|y}}/, descended from earlier ''*iu''; '''{{term|dydere}}''' (central '''{{term|didere}}''').
 
The [[:Category:High Burgundian dialect|High Burgundian dialect]] ('''avendoniano ocburgundico''') features the {{Abbtip|High German consonant shift|HGCS}}. [[:Category:Low Burgundian dialect|Low Burgundian]] ('''avendoniano lagburgundico''') does not. Instead, masculine o-stem nouns and regular adjectives drop their final '''-o''', except in those words whose Proto-Germanic ancestor stem ended in /{{IPA|w}}/.
Those words are:
{{Col-begin}}
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|blavo}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|blio}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|calo}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|dovo}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|frovo}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|gelo}}'''
{{Col-end}}
{{Col-begin}}
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|gnio}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|gravo}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|meo}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|scado}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|snevo}}'''
{{col-n|6}}
* '''{{term|tovo}}'''
{{Col-end}}
===Genoese dialect===
The Avendonian variation spoken in Genoa (former Larastade), the capital city of Avendonia, and its surroundings is considered<sup><small>[''[[User:Sware|by who?]]'']</small></sup> a [[w:sociolect|sociolect]] rather than a fully-fledged dialect. Due to the historical importance of Genoa as a trading center, the local vernacular is more internationalized. As a result, the language is not as conservative, i.e. has a greater tolerance for loanwords, largely from Romance languages. Examples of this are Genoese '''{{term|machina}}''' which displaced native '''{{term|vilo}}''', '''{{term|depresione}}''' vs. '''{{term|svarmuto}}''', etc.
 
===North Adriatic dialect===
Maybe because of [[w:Slavic languages#Linguistic history|Slavic influence]], the [[:Category:North Adriatic dialect|North Adriatic dialect]] of Avendonian ('''nordadriatico''') features a series of [[w:palatalization|palatalization]]s exclusive to this dialect. This is seen in words like '''{{term|nace}}''' ('''{{term|nate}}''') or '''{{term|scione}}''' ('''{{term|scone}}''').
 
In addition, there is evidence of the existence of a [[w:pitch accent|pitch-accent]] system in North Adriatic Avendonian. Stressed syllables whose vowel evolved from a long vowel carries a rising [[w:tone (linguistics)|tone]] and causes the following vowel to be pronounced with a mid tone. Moreover, if the stressed vowel comes from a short vowel, but it is not followed by a historical [[w:consonant cluster|consonant cluster]] or [[w:geminate|geminate]], it carries a low falling tone. Vowels in any other environment are rendered toneless.
 
{{Col-begin}}
{{col-n|2}}
: '''{{term|alico}}''' (“alike, similar”), from {{Abbtip|Proto-Germanic|PGmc.}} {{mn|gem-pro|*galīkaz|*gal'''ī'''kaz|name=0}} → {{IPA|[a.ˈli˩˥.ko˧]}}
{{col-n|2}}
: '''{{term|stulo}}''' (“chair”), from {{Abbtip|Proto-Germanic|PGmc.}} {{mn|gem-pro|*stōlaz|*st'''ō'''laz|name=0}} → {{IPA|[ˈstu˩˥.lo˧]}}
{{Col-end}}
{{Col-begin}}
{{col-n|2}}
: '''{{term|uvilo#Adjective|uvilo}}''' (“evil”, adj.), from {{Abbtip|Proto-Germanic|PGmc.}} {{mn|gem-pro|*ubilaz|name=0}} → {{IPA|[u.ˈvi˨˩.lo]}}
{{col-n|2}}
: '''{{term|fadre}}''' (“father”), from {{Abbtip|Proto-Germanic|PGmc.}} {{mn|gem-pro|*fadēr|name=0}} → {{IPA|[ˈfa˨˩.dre]}}
{{Col-end}}
This feature is also somewhat present in northeastern and non-standard Central Avendonian.
 
==Sample texts==
===The North Wind and the Sun===
 
{{interlinear
|top='''El nordvinto e la suna stridaban ci era el starcior, cando uno resetore encamo uleto en uno mantelo varmo.'''
|El nordvinto e l-a suna strid-ab-an ci era el starc-ior, cando un-o resetore
|DEF.ART;MSG {North Wind} and DEF.ART-FSG sun fight-IMPERF-3PL who COP;IMPERF.3SG DEF.ART;MSG strong-COMP[MSG] when INDF.ART-MSG traveler
|The {North Wind} and the Sun {were disputing} which was the stronger, when a traveler
||display-messages=no|italics2=no|italics3=no|ablist=COMP:comparative:comparison_(grammar)}}
<br>
{{interlinear
|encam-o ul-et-o en un-o mantelo varm-o
|PRF\come-PST.INDIC.3SG cover-PP-MSG in INDF.ART-MSG mantle warm-MSG
|{came along} wrapped in a cloak warm
||display-messages=no|italics1=yes|italics2=no|italics3=no}}
''The North Wind and the Sun were disputing which was the stronger, when a traveler came along wrapped in a warm cloak.''
 
===Lord's Prayer===
{{Col-begin|40%}}
{{col-n|2}}
<poem>
Fadre nosde ci bis en el Celo,
elageto si el name tede;
el cuningricio tede cume,
Si dueto el vile tede
en la Erda ca bi en el Celo.
Geva-nos, en eco dago, el broto dagico nosde,
e pergeva-nos le sundie nosde,
ca vi pergevamos si ce sunden contra nos;
e ne lede-nos en la persucitio,
sed defriie nos d'el uvilo.
Amen.
</poem>
{{col-n|2}}
<poem style="font-style: italic">
Our Father, who art in heaven,
hallowed be thy name;
thy kingdom come,
thy will be done
on earth as it is in heaven.
Give us this day our daily bread,
and forgive us our sins,
as we forgive those who sin against us;
and lead us not into temptation,
but deliver us from evil.
Amen.
</poem>
{{Col-end}}
 
==External links==
* [[:Category:Avendonian words|Avendonian language in Contionary]]
* [https://discord.gg/YENDNvu ‘Conlang Exchange’ Discord Server, where Avendonian, among other conlangs, is taught]
* [https://app.memrise.com/course/6003427/avendonian-spraca-avendoniana/ Avendonian Memrise course]
* [https://pastebin.com/vdq4pvXV Official Avendonian dictionary, the ''Vortbuce Avendoniano'']
* [https://t.me/vorti_avendoniani ‘Avendonian Word of the Day’ Telegram channel]
* [https://t.me/setlanguage/avdnan Telegram translation pack for Avendonian] {{User:Sware/Template:tg|21111|26363|21:01, 24 September 2023 (UTC)}}
 
[[Category:Avendonian language]][[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:West Germanic languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:A posteriori]][[Category:Fusional languages]]
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