Contionary:ϫⲉⲣⲟ

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Maryan Coptic

Etymology

From ϫⲉ (ce) + ⲣⲟ (ro).

Pronunciation

  • IPA: /t͡ʃəˈɾɔʔ/

Verb

ϫⲉⲣⲟ (cero)

  1. (+ ⲉ̀- transitive) to mean, to signify
    ⲡⲓⲣⲏ ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓ ⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ϫⲉ ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲱⲩⲛ.
    Pirē etšai efcero ce entatōun.
    The sun rising means that I have to get up.
    ⲩϧⲉⲣⳣⲟ ⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉ̀ⲩⲉⲃⲣⲏϫ.
    Uḫerwo efcero èuebrēc.
    Thunder signifies lightning.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ϫⲉⲣⲟ 
infinitive ⲉ̀ϫⲉⲣⲟ negative infinitive ⲉ̀ϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ
imperative ϫⲉⲣⲟ negative imperative ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲣϫⲉⲣⲟ
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
masculine feminine masculine feminine
Durative sentences
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
present simple present ϯϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲥⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ
circumstantial ⲉⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
preterite ⲛⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
relative ⲉϯϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
future simple future ϯⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲥⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
circumstantial ⲉⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲕⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⳕⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
preterite ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
conditional ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
relative ⲉϯⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
Non-durative sentences
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
past affirmative ⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
negative ⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
affirmative preterite ⲛⲉⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ
negative preterite ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
relative ⲉⲧⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲧⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
aorist affirmative ϣⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
negative ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
optative affirmative ⲉⲓⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲕⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉϥⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲥⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲩⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ
negative ⲉⲛⲛⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲛⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲛⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲛⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
jussive,
causative
jussive ⲙⲁⲣⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲙⲁⲣⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
affirmative causative ⲑⲣⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲑⲣⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲑⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲑⲣⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
negative causative ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
Subordinate clause
ⲁⲛⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ ⲁⲛⲟⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲩ
conditional affirmative ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ
negative ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ
conjunctive affirmative ⲉⲛⲧⲁϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
negative ⲉⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲛⲧⲩϣⲧⲉⲙϫⲉⲣⲟ
limitative,
expectative
limitative ϣⲁϯϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ϣⲁⲧⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ
expectative ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⳕⲧⲉⲛϫⲉⲣⲟ ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲩϫⲉⲣⲟ

Derived terms