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{{Infobox language | {{Infobox language | ||
|name = Elasian | |name = Elasian | ||
|nativename = | |nativename = Élazyato meret | ||
|pronunciation= | |pronunciation = ehlaht͡sjato̞ ˈmeret | ||
| | |setting = [[wikipedia:Central Asia|Central Asia]] | ||
|nation = Sovereign Republic of Élás | |||
|nation= Sovereign Republic of Élás | |||
|speakers = 21,457 | |speakers = 21,457 | ||
|date = 2012 | |date = 2012 | ||
|familycolor= [[ | |familycolor=Isolate | ||
|fam2 = [[Tenarian languages]] | |||
|ancestor=Proto-Elasian | |ancestor = Proto-Elasian | ||
| | |dia1 = Standard Elasian | ||
| | |clcr = qeh | ||
| | |script1 = Latn | ||
| | |notice = IPA | ||
|creator = Chrysophylax | |||
| | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Meret sá''', [ˈmɛrɛt s̺ɑh], or '''Élászyato meret''', [e̞hlɑht͡sjato̞ ˈmɛrɛt], also known as '''Elasian''' is the ancestral language of the Élászyat people, who inhabit the dale of Élászalyadá, a valley in northeastern [[w:Central Asia|Central Asia]]. | '''Meret sá''', [ˈmɛrɛt s̺ɑh], or '''Élászyato meret''', [e̞hlɑht͡sjato̞ ˈmɛrɛt], also known as '''Elasian''' is the ancestral language of the Élászyat people, who inhabit the dale of Élászalyadá, a valley in northeastern [[w:Central Asia|Central Asia]]. | ||
<!-- Thus, one has to be made: ''petakun meret'' — the language of the little birds. --> | <!-- Thus, one has to be made: ''petakun meret'' — the language of the little birds. --> | ||
<!-- ***Phonology*** --> | <!-- ***Phonology*** --> | ||
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --> | <!-- What sounds does your language use? --> | ||
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
{{main|Elasian phonology}} | {{main|Elasian phonology}} | ||
===Syllable structure=== | |||
:'''C(J)V(H)(C<sup>2</sup>)''' | |||
:where '''J''' = /j/, '''H''' = /h/, and '''C'''<sup>2</sup> is a valid coda consonant or consonant cluster. | |||
Older stages of the language seem to permit (C)V(C)?, traces of which can be found in some words, the names of the letters being a prime example. | |||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
The Elasian vowel system is relatively uncomplicated, with only five distinct vowels. There are no diphthongs. | The Elasian vowel system is relatively uncomplicated, with only five distinct vowels. There are no diphthongs. | ||
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
{{Main|Elasian nouns}} | |||
Nouns are inflected for five cases - nominative ({{sc|nom}}), accusative ({{sc|acc}}), genitive ({{sc|gen}}), dative ({{sc|dat}}) and the instrumental ({{sc|ins}}). In addition to this, they are inflected for grammatical number. All of this is carried out by suffixes to the ''stem'' of the word; this is a predominantly agglutinative process, markers are tacked on after each other. A mild hint of fusion can be detected in certain suffixes — the genitive plural ''-un'' — appears to be related to both the genitive ''-o'' and the pluralisation marker ''-en''. | Nouns are inflected for five cases - nominative ({{sc|nom}}), accusative ({{sc|acc}}), genitive ({{sc|gen}}), dative ({{sc|dat}}) and the instrumental ({{sc|ins}}). In addition to this, they are inflected for grammatical number. All of this is carried out by suffixes to the ''stem'' of the word; this is a predominantly agglutinative process, markers are tacked on after each other. A mild hint of fusion can be detected in certain suffixes — the genitive plural ''-un'' — appears to be related to both the genitive ''-o'' and the pluralisation marker ''-en''. | ||
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:''Turáz gers kéaltász'' | :''Turáz gers kéaltász'' | ||
:''turáz ger-s ke<´a>l-tá-sz'' | :''turáz ger-s ke<´a>l-tá-sz'' | ||
:girl{{sc|[nom sg]}} story-{{sc|acc | :girl{{sc|[nom sg]}} story-{{sc|acc}} read{{sc|<ipfv>}}-{{sc|pst}}-{{sc|3sg}} | ||
:"A girl was reading a story." | :"A girl was reading a story." | ||
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The [[w:Dative case|dative case]] ({{sc|dat}}) is used to signal the indirect object of a sentence. It is also used for situations in which an action benefits or damages a party. | The [[w:Dative case|dative case]] ({{sc|dat}}) is used to signal the indirect object of a sentence. It is also used for situations in which an action benefits or damages a party. | ||
:'' | :''Kulak turázá gers téantász'' | ||
: | :''Kulak turáz-á ger-s te<´a>n-tá-sz | ||
:" | :family girl-{{sc|dat}} story-{{sc|acc}} give[{{sc|ipfv}}]-{{sc|pst}}-{{sc|3sg}} | ||
:"The family was telling the girl a story" | |||
The [[w:Instrumental case|instrumental case]] ({{sc|ins}}) is used to indicate the means by which an action is carried out. It is additionally used to indicate companionship. | The [[w:Instrumental case|instrumental case]] ({{sc|ins}}) is used to indicate the means by which an action is carried out. It is additionally used to indicate companionship. | ||
:'' | :''Gedem turázá kéazotalyasz'' | ||
: | :''ged-em turáz-á ke<´a>z-ota-lya-sz'' | ||
:" | :phone-{{sc|ins}} girl-{{sc|dat}} talk{{sc|<ipfv>-dub-fut-3sg}} | ||
:"It is doubtful that he is going to talk to the girl by phone." | |||
<!-- decl. of arak | <!-- decl. of arak | ||
:''arak, arax, arako, araká, arakem'' | :''arak, arax, arako, araká, arakem'' | ||
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:''Kályazen Turázun'' | :''Kályazen Turázun'' | ||
:''Kályaz-en Turáz-un'' | :''Kályaz-en Turáz-un'' | ||
: | :dance{{sc|[nom]-pl}} maiden-{{sc|gen.pl}} | ||
:"The dances of the maidens (a spring festival)" | :"The dances of the maidens (a spring festival)" | ||
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===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Verbs are quite morphologically complex in Elasian, inflecting for many categories for which English uses phrasal or constructions with an auxiliary verb. Most verbs | {{main|Elasian verbs}} | ||
Verbs are quite morphologically complex in Elasian, inflecting for many categories for which English uses phrasal or constructions with an auxiliary verb. Most verbs can be inflected for six different moods, five aspects, four tenses, polarity (affirmative and negative), and two voices (active and mediopassive). | |||
:''Petak menézarólyanuszal'' | :''Petak menézarólyanuszal'' | ||
:“It is possible that the little bird is not going to be eaten.” | :“It is possible that the little bird is not going to be eaten.” | ||
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--> | --> | ||
====Augmentatives==== | ====Augmentatives==== | ||
Augmentatives are very common in Elasian and are primarily formed using a suffix. This suffix varies depending on whether the noun is considered animate (-''ár'') or inanimate (-''ór''). | |||
Cf. ''pasz'' (stone), ''paszek'' (pebble), and ''paszór'' (boulder) with ''turáz'' (girl), ''turázak'' (little girl), ''turázár'' (big girl). | |||
====Collective nouns==== | ====Collective nouns==== | ||
Elasian features ways to form a collective noun. This is used extensively for concepts such as | Elasian features ways to form a collective noun. This is used extensively for concepts such as groups of events, groups of animal and such. These collective nouns may in turn be interpreted as singulars and given regular plurals of their own, often this is accompanied by a shift in meaning. | ||
A commonly given example is the word ''ter'' ('a moment') from which the Elasian word for day - ''teret'' - is derived. The word can be broken down into ''ter'' and the inanimate collectivising morpheme ''-et'', thus with the meaning of 'a group of moments', and by extension 'a day'. | |||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
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"(the) little birds red.are" | "(the) little birds red.are" | ||
[[Category: | <small>Conlanger's notes: | ||
The primary impetus for the creation of this language came to me whilst doing something completely unrelated; suddenly, I had a flash of insight and from that moment onwards I knew that I would express the diminutive by the suffix ''ak''! Unfortunately, I realised relatively quickly that I had no language available on which to tack it on. So, I started with a new one. What originally was termed the language of the little birds (the word for bird was the first coined, the diminutive the second) has now developed slightly more into the language of the Élászyat, an independent nation.</small> | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||