Häskä

Häskä/Wordlist

Häskä
Created by	IlL
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Language family	Lakovic Häskä

Häskä (dülut Häskä /dylut hæskæ/; modern: sä dülut Häskä Bjeheond: [sɛ dʉlut hɛskɛ]; Fəxom: [sa dʉlut haska]) is a Lakovic language with an Amharic- and Malay-inspired aesthetic. Modern Häskä is Tricin's lingua franca, and is official in the USB, Tumhan and Fəxom.

consonantism is conservative (except p > f); vowels harmonize

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			ñ /ŋ/
Stop	plain	(p /p/)	t /t/			k /k/	ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Fricative		f /f/	s /s/	x /ɬ/	š /ʃ/		h /h/
Affricate			c /ts/	q /tɬ/	č /tʃ/
Approximant		w /w/	r /r/	l /l/	y /j/

Vowels

a e i o u ä ə ü /ɑ e i o u æ ə ʉ/

in modern Häskä: ä-e merger in Bjeheondian Häskä, ä-a merger in Fəxomese Häskä

Stress

Stress is usually penultimate.

Morphology

Nouns

Häska nouns are either masculine or feminine. Nouns denoting females or that end in the feminine marker -i (from Proto-Lakovic *-s) are feminine.

Classical Häskä: Austronesian alignment?

Modern Häskä number markers:

• sä = singular
• ta = plural
• hän = collective

Verbs

Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.

In the imperative, the subject is omitted. The cohortative ('let's VERB') uses the form VERB-yac.

Verb template: gender-tense/aspect-ROOT<voice>-mood

Gender

• hə- = feminine

Aspect

Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication.

Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (F) or last consonant (L)

• imperfective/stative = unmarked
• perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with em- for others
• prospective = hef- (closest equivalent of future tense)
• momentane = bla-
• progressive = ăL-
• gnomic = FăL-
• frequentative = eNFă-
• inchoative/inceptive = oLă-
• graduative = tăFa-

Intensive

• twə- = intensive prefix

Voice affixes

Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed.

• ‹ăc› = Dynamic passive
• ‹ră›, ‹wă› = Stative passive
• ‹ăb› = Reflexive
• ‹ăn/ăng› = Applicative trigger
• ‹ith› = Locative trigger
• ‹ăw› = Instrumental trigger
• ‹ăfong› = Destination trigger
• ‹ălis› = Comitative trigger
• ‹ăm› = Source/cause trigger
• ‹ăchem› = Benefactive/purpose trigger
• ‹ărea› = Malefactive trigger

Derivational morphology

• yə- = adjectivizer