Häskä

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Häskä/Wordlist

Häskä
Created byIlL
SettingVerse:Tricin
Lakovic
  • Häskä
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Häskä (dülut Häskä /dylut hæskæ/; modern: sä dülut Häskä Bjeheond: [sɛ dʉlut hɛskɛ]; Fəxom: [sa dʉlut haska]) is a Lakovic language with an Amharic- and Malay-inspired aesthetic. Modern Häskä is Tricin's lingua franca, and is official in the USB, Tumhan and Fəxom.

consonantism is conservative (except p > f); vowels harmonize

Phonology

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ñ /ŋ/
Stop plain (p /p/) t /t/ k /k/ ʔ /ʔ/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative f /f/ s /s/ x /ɬ/ š /ʃ/ h /h/
Affricate c /ts/ q /tɬ/ č /tʃ/
Approximant w /w/ r /r/ l /l/ y /j/

Vowels

a e i o u ä ə ü /ɑ e i o u æ ə ʉ/

in modern Häskä: ä-e merger in Bjeheondian Häskä, ä-a merger in Fəxomese Häskä

Stress

Stress is usually penultimate.

Morphology

Nouns

Häska nouns are either masculine or feminine. The feminine marker is -i (from Proto-Lakovic *-s).

Classical Häskä: Austronesian alignment?

Modern Häskä number markers:

  • = singular
  • ta = plural
  • hän = collective

Verbs

Häskä verbs are highly inflected; they inflect for tense, aspect, voice, mood, and gender agreement.

In the imperative, the subject is omitted. The cohortative ('let's VERB') uses the form VERB-yac.

Aspect

Aspect inflection uses a combination of prefixes and reduplication.

Reduplicant uses 1st consonant (F) or last consonant (L)

  • imperfective/stative = unmarked
  • perfective = unmarked for some verbs but marked with em- for others
  • prospective = hef- (closest equivalent of future tense)
  • momentane = bla-
  • progressive = ăL-
  • gnomic = FăL-
  • frequentative = eNFă-
  • inchoative/inceptive = oLă-
  • graduative = tăFa-

Intensive

  • thu- = intensive prefix

Voice affixes

Voice affixes are obsolete in Rhythoed.

  • ‹ăc› = Dynamic passive
  • ‹ră›, ‹wă› = Stative passive
  • ‹ăb› = Reflexive

Trigger affixes

  • ‹ăn/ăng› = Applicative trigger
  • ‹ith› = Locative trigger
  • ‹ăw› = Instrumental trigger
  • ‹ăfong› = Destination trigger
  • ‹ălis› = Comitative trigger
  • ‹ăm› = Source/cause trigger
  • ‹ăchem› = Benefactive/purpose trigger
  • ‹ărea› = Malefactive trigger

Derivational morphology

  • yə- = adjectivizer