Karnišna: Difference between revisions

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Karnišna (view source)

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{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Carnian
|name = Carnian
|nativename = Ⰽⰰⱃⱀⰻⱎⱀⰰ Karnišna
|nativename = {{glagolitic|Karniüna}}<br />Ⰽⰰⱃⱀⰻⱎⱀⰰ<br />Karnišna
|pronunciation = [ˈkaɾniʃna]
|pronunciation = ˈkaɾniʃna
|region = Europe
|region = Europe
|states = Italy
|states = Italy
|nation =  
|created = 2013
|speakers = -
|creator = User:Ashucky
|date = 2013
|familycolor = Indo-European
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|fam2 = [[w:Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
|fam2 = [[w:Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic]]
|fam3 = [[w:Slavic languages|Slavic]]
|fam4 = [[w:South Slavic languages|South Slavic]]
|fam4 = [[w:South Slavic languages|South Slavic]]
|fam5 = Western South Slavic
|fam5 = Western South Slavic
|iso1 = -
|script1        = Glag
|iso2 = -
|script2       = Latn
|iso3 = -
|script       = [[w:Glagolitic script|Glagolitic]] and [[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|agency        =  
|agency        =  
}}
}}
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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
===Phonetic changes===
The below table shows the phonetic changes from Proto-Slavic to Karnišna. If a particular sound is not shown, that means it has not changed.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 500px; text-align: center;"
! colspan="3" | Phonetic changes
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Proto-Slavic
! style="width: 100px;" | Karnišna
! style="width: 300px;" | Notes
|-
! *a
| /a/ ⟨a⟩
|
|-
! *ę
| /æ/ ⟨ä⟩
|
|-
! *ǫ
| /ɔ/ ⟨å⟩
|
|-
! *o
| /o u wɔ/ ⟨o u wo⟩
|
|-
! *u
| /u y/ ⟨u ü⟩
|
|-
! *y
| /ə/ ⟨y⟩
|
|-
! *ь (ĭ)
| ø ⟨ö⟩
| Omitted in unstressed possitions.
|-
! *ъ (ŭ)
| /y/ ⟨ü⟩
| Omitted in unstressed possitions.
|-
! *e
| /e~ɛ ə/ ⟨e ë⟩
|-
! *-ov
| /u/ ⟨ů⟩
| When word-final and unstressed.
|-
! *el
| /lø/ ⟨lö⟩
|
|-
! *ol
| lɔ ⟨lå⟩
|
|-
! *er
| ɾø ⟨rö⟩
|
|-
! *or
| ɾɔ ⟨rå⟩
|
|-
! *ъlCV
| üCCV
|
|-
! *ьlC(ь/ъ)
| öCCë
|
|-
! *nj
| jn/n
|
|-
! *lj
| [l~j~lj] ⟨ł⟩
|
|-
! *tl/dl
| ll
|
|-
! *ť; *ď
| č; j
|
|-
! *g
| /ɣ/ ⟨g⟩
|
|-
! *šč
| st, š
|
|-
! *xl
| /ɣl/ ⟨gl⟩
| When word-initial.
|-
! *mj; *pj; *bj; *vj
| mł; pł; bł; vł
|
|-
! *Vd(ь/ъ)
| rowspan="2" | Vð
|
|-
! *Vdz(ь/ъ)
|
|-
! *zVd(ь/ъ)
| zVd
|
|-
|}


===Orthography===
===Orthography===
The Latin alphabet of Carnian is close to a phonetic alphabet but with some historical spellings and letters.  
The Latin alphabet of Carnian is close to a phonetic alphabet but with some historical spellings and letters. Glagolitic letters are also given.


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="width: 810px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="3" | Letter-to-sound correspondence
! colspan="4" | Letter-to-sound correspondence
|-
|-
! style="width: 90px;" | Letter !! style="width: 90px;" | Sound !! Notes
! colspan="2" style="width: 200px;" | Letters !! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px;" | Sound !! rowspan="2" | Notes
|-
|-
! A, a  
! style="width: 90px;" | Latin || style="width: 110px;" | Glagolitic
|-
! A, a || {{glagolitic|A, a}}
| [a], [aː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [a], [aː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! Ä, ä
! Ä, ä || {{glagolitic|W, w}}
| [ɛ], [ɛː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [ɛ], [ɛː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! Å, å
! Å, å || {{glagolitic|´, À}}
| [ɔ], [ɔː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [ɔ], [ɔː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! B, b
! B, b || {{glagolitic|B, b}}
| [b], [p] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless in word-final syllables.
| [b], [p] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless when word-final.
|-
|-
! C, c
! C, c || {{glagolitic|C, c}}
| [t͡s] ||  
| [t͡s] ||  
|-
|-
! Č, č
! Č, č || {{glagolitic|Ç, č}}*
| [t͡ʃ] ||  
| [t͡ʃ] ||  
|-
|-
! D, d
! D, d || {{glagolitic|D, d}}
| [d], [t] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless in word-final syllables.
| [d], [t] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless when word-final.
|-
|-
! E, e
! Ð, ð || {{glagolitic|Ѳ, ѳ}}
| [ð], [θ] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless when word-final.
|-
! E, e || {{glagolitic|E, e}}
| [e], [eː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [e], [eː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! Ë, ë
! Ë, ë || {{glagolitic|Ĭ, ĭ}}
| [ə] || style="text-align:left;" | Usually never long, even if stressed.
| [ə] || style="text-align:left;" | Usually never long, even if stressed.
|-
|-
! F, f
! F, f || {{glagolitic|F, f}}
| [f] ||  
| [f] ||  
|-
|-
! FF, Ff, ff
! FF, Ff, ff ||
| [fː] ||
| [fː] ||
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | G, g
! rowspan="2" | G, g || rowspan="2" | {{glagolitic|G, g}}
| [ɣ], [x] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless in word-final syllables.
| [ɣ], [x] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless in word-final syllables.
|-
|-
| [g], [k] || style="text-align:left;" | Allophonic realisations of [ɣ] and [x] respectively in some dialects.
| [g], [k] || style="text-align:left;" | Allophonic realisations of [ɣ] and [x] respectively in some dialects.
|-
|-
! Ǧ, ǧ
! Ǧ, ǧ || {{glagolitic|Ģ, ģ}}
| [d͡ʒ] || style="text-align:left;" | Occurs in Romance loanwords.
| [d͡ʒ] || style="text-align:left;" | Occurs in Romance loanwords.
|-
|-
! H, h
! H, h || {{glagolitic|H, h}}
| [x] ||  
| [x] ||  
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | I, i
! rowspan="2" | I, i || rowspan="2" | {{glagolitic|I, i}}
| [i], [iː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [i], [iː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
| rowspan="2" | [j], [i̯] || style="text-align:left;" | The non-vocalic version an alternative classification of the sound.
| rowspan="2" | [j], [i̯] || style="text-align:left;" | The non-vocalic version an alternative classification of the sound.
|-
|-
! J, j  
! J, j || {{glagolitic|J, j}}
|  
|  
|-
|-
! K, k
! K, k || {{glagolitic|K, k}}
| [k] ||
| [k] ||  
|-
|-
! KK, Kk, kk
! KK, Kk, kk ||
| [kː] ||  
| [kː] ||  
|-
|-
! L, l
! L, l || {{glagolitic|L, l}}
| [l] ||  
| [l] ||  
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Ł, ł
! rowspan="2" | Ł, ł || rowspan="2" | {{glagolitic|ª, º}}
| [l] || style="text-align:left;" | Inter-vocally, word-initially and if followed by a consonant.
| [l] || style="text-align:left;" | Inter-vocally, word-initially and if followed by a consonant.
|-
|-
| [j], [i̯] || style="text-align:left;" | Word-finally and if preceded by a consonant.
| [j], [i̯] || style="text-align:left;" | Word-finally and if preceded by a consonant.
|-
|-
! M, m
! M, m || {{glagolitic|M, m}}*
| [m] ||  
| [m] ||  
|-
|-
! MM, Mm, mm
! MM, Mm, mm ||
| [mː] ||  
| [mː] ||  
|-
|-
! N, n
! N, n || {{glagolitic|N, n}}
| [n] ||  
| [n] ||  
|-
|-
! NN, Nn, nn
! NN, Nn, nn ||
| [nː]
| [nː]
|-
|-
! O, o
! O, o || {{glagolitic|O, o}}
| [o], [oː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [o], [oː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! Ö, ö
! Ö, ö || {{glagolitic|Ę, ę}}
| [ø], [øː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [ø], [øː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! P, p
! P, p || {{glagolitic|P, p}}
| [p] ||  
| [p] ||  
|-
|-
! PP, Pp, pp
! PP, Pp, pp ||
| [pː] ||  
| [pː] ||  
|-
|-
! R, r
! R, r || {{glagolitic|R, r}}
| [ɾ] ||  
| [ɾ] ||  
|-
|-
! RR, Rr, r
! RR, Rr, r ||
| [r], [ɾː] || style="text-align:left;" | The trill is sometimes classified as a geminate flap/tap.
| [r], [ɾː] || style="text-align:left;" | The trill is sometimes classified as a geminate flap/tap.
|-
|-
! S, s
! S, s || {{glagolitic|S, s}}
| [s] ||  
| [s] ||  
|-
|-
! SS, Ss, ss
! SS, Ss, ss ||
| [sː] ||  
| [sː] ||  
|-
|-
! Š, š
! Š, š || {{glagolitic|Ü, ü}}
| [ʃ] ||  
| [ʃ] ||  
|-
|-
! T, t
! T, t || {{glagolitic|T, t}}
| [t] ||  
| [t] ||  
|-
|-
! TT, Tt, tt
! TT, Tt, tt ||
| [tː] ||  
| [tː] ||  
|-
|-
! U, u  
! U, u || {{glagolitic|U, u}}
| [u], [uː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [u], [uː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! Ü, ü
! Ü, ü || {{glagolitic|Q, q}}
| [y], [yː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
| [y], [yː] || style="text-align:left;" | Long only in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! Ů, ů
! Ů, ů || {{glagolitic|Ą, ą}}
| [u] || style="text-align:left;" | Never occurs in stressed syllables.
| [u] || style="text-align:left;" | Never occurs in stressed syllables.
|-
|-
! Ŭ, ŭ
! Ŭ, ŭ || {{glagolitic|Ë, ë}}
| [u̯], [w] || style="text-align:left;" | The non-vocalic part in diphthongs, sometimes classified as [w]
| [u̯], [w] || style="text-align:left;" | The non-vocalic part in diphthongs, sometimes classified as [w]
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | V, v
! rowspan="2" | V, v || rowspan="2" | {{glagolitic|V, v}}
| [ʋ] || style="text-align:left;" | An approximant, not a fricative.
| [ʋ] || style="text-align:left;" | An approximant, not a fricative.
|-
|-
| [u̯], [w] || style="text-align:left;" | When followed by a consonant, forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel.
| [u̯], [w] || style="text-align:left;" | When followed by a consonant, forms a diphthong with the preceding vowel.
|-
|-
! W, w
! W, w || {{glagolitic|Ø, ø}}
| [w], [u̯] || style="text-align:left;" | The non-vocalic version an alternative classification of the sound.
| [w], [u̯] || style="text-align:left;" | The non-vocalic version an alternative classification of the sound.
|-
|-
! Y, y
! Y, y || {{glagolitic|Ă, ă}}
| [ə] || style="text-align:left;" | Usually never long, even if stressed.
| [ə] || style="text-align:left;" | Usually never long, even if stressed.
|-
|-
! Z, z
! Z, z || {{glagolitic|Z, z}}*
| [z], [s] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless in word-final syllables.
| [z], [s] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless when word-final.
|-
|-
! Ž, ž
! Ž, ž || {{glagolitic|Y, y}}
| [ʒ], [ʃ] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless in word-final syllables.
| [ʒ], [ʃ] || style="text-align:left;" | Voiceless when word-final.
|-
|-
|}
|}
Notes:
* the letter {{glagolitic|Ç - č}} can also be written as {{glagolitic|Ŏ - œ}}. The Latin equivalent is Č - č in both cases.
* the letter {{glagolitic|M - m}} can also be written as {{glagolitic|Μ - ñ}}. The Latin equivalent is M - m in both cases.
* the letter {{glagolitic|Z - z}} can also be written as {{glagolitic|Ż - ż}}. The Latin equivalent is Z - z in both cases.
* Glagolitic for Q - q is {{glagolitic|Ĥ - š}}
* Glagolitic for X - x is {{glagolitic|Ѵ - ѵ}}


==Grammar==
==Grammar==
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<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


[[Category:Karnišna]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Conlangs]][[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Karnišna]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:Slavic languages]][[Category:A posteriori]]
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