Naeng/Literature

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Windermere/Lexicon

Windermere/Swadesh list

Naeng/Literature
Created byIlL, Praimhín
SettingVerse:Tricin
  • Naeng/Literature
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Windermere is a conlang based on similarities between Hebrew and Mon-Khmer languages, such as final stress, minor syllables and overall head-initial syntax. It is also meant to have a mutation system, like both Celtic and Hebrew.

In-universe, Windermere was used as a classical language until it was absorbed and subsumed by Eevo.

Introduction

Windermere was originally created by Praimhín for the Fifth Linguifex Relay. It is currently being revived and adapted as a classical language in Talma (replacing Netagin which I'm dissatisfied with) - this version will also be more synthetic than the original creator envisioned.

Phonology

Orthography

Consonants

  • Ϫϫ Շչ Ɑᶑ Ѡϙ Ғғ Ѵѵ Ƌժ Ƨƨ ſʗ = p b f t d th c g ch
  • Ɨɟ ʢє Ϯ₼ = m n ng
  • Ϟɥ Ɔɔ Պɱ Ҕҕ Ʌʎ = s ł ts tł ș
  • Էէ Ӿӿ Գƪ Քƍ Ֆⱷ Пп = r w y h l ʔ

Vowels

·:;ı›˫⸗ = ă u ü i o e a

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Lateral Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ ng /ŋ/
Plosive tenuis b /p~b/ d /t~d/ g /k~g/ ' /ʔ/
aspirated p /pʰ~bʰ/ t /tʰ~dʰ/ c /kʰ~gʰ/
Affricate ts /ts̻/ /tɬ/
Fricative spirant f /f~v/ th /θ~ð/ ch /x~ɣ/
nonspirant s /s̻/ ł /ɬ/ ș /s̺~ʃ/ h /h/
Resonant w /w/ r /r/ y /j/ l /ʟ/

In Eevo, pʰ p f tʰ t θ kʰ k x ts̻ s̻ tɬ ɬ s̺ m n ŋ ʟ r w j h ʔ are borrowed as p b f/v t d þ/ð c g ç ts s tx x z m n ŋ l r v j h ∅

[cf. OHG /s̺/ > Modern German /z/ ]

Mutations

Vowels

a e i o u ø y a e i o u oy ü

iə eə uə oə yə ie ea uo oa üe

ə ă (in unstressed syllables)

In Eevo these are borrowed as:

a e i o w ø u

ia ee wa oo ua

y

Stress

Stress is invariably final.

Phonotactics

Zero and C are the only permitted word-final codas.

Morphology

Nouns

Pronouns

  • 1sg: rie
  • 2sg: łen (masculine), łes (feminine)
  • 3sg: in (masculine), is (feminine), tan (inanimate)
  • 1pl: ămrie (exclusive), bang (inclusive)
  • 2pl: łănam
  • 3pl: ănam (animate), tănam (inanimate)

Verbs

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources