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''' | '''Páuluòbeng''' (''yi bPáuluòbeng'') is a minority language closely related to [[Ciètian]], but is distinct enough to be regarded as a separate language. It is inspired by Mandarin and Yorkshire English. | ||
Páuluòbeng is the most tonal spoken Talmic language (even more tonal than [[Anbirese]]). | |||
Figure out how to assign tones | Figure out how to assign tones | ||
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Final schwa > tone split | Final schwa > tone split | ||
dr tr sr > | dr tr sr > zh ch sh; zhil, zhim, zhin, zhing > zhul, zhum, zhun, zhung | ||
''lr̀'' /lɛ̂ː(ɹ)/ = sap, syrup | ''lr̀'' /lɛ̂ː(ɹ)/ = sap, syrup | ||
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''ted'' /təʔ/ = beautiful | ''ted'' /təʔ/ = beautiful | ||
'' | ''dùun'' /tû:n/ = far | ||
''duāilig'' /ˈtwɑ́ːljəʔ/ = to demand, to pester | ''duāilig'' /ˈtwɑ́ːljəʔ/ = to demand, to pester | ||
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''ái'' /ɑ̌ː/ 'gold' | ''ái'' /ɑ̌ː/ 'gold' | ||
''Áiзaan'' /ɑ̌ːzǣːn/ '(a name)' | |||
''neħdir'' /nəhtjə/ = chain | ''neħdir'' /nəhtjə/ = chain | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Mandarin/Ufirlandisg | Mandarin/Ufirlandisg consonants; Yorkshire vowels | ||
====Tones==== | ====Tones==== | ||
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====Vowels==== | ====Vowels==== | ||
Baoluoveng doesn't like closing diphthongs very much, unlike Standard | Baoluoveng doesn't like closing diphthongs very much, unlike Standard Ciètian. | ||
Short vowels: | Short vowels: | ||
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*ai ee uai uee ie üe /ɑː~aɪ eː waɪ~wɑː weː jeː ɥøː/ | *ai ee uai uee ie üe /ɑː~aɪ eː waɪ~wɑː weː jeː ɥøː/ | ||
**[aɪ] is the Canadian-raised allophone of /ɑː/ | **[aɪ] is the Canadian-raised allophone of /ɑː/ | ||
*au iau oo ioo / | *au iau oo ioo /æː~əʊ jæː~əʊ oː joː/ | ||
**[əʊ] is the Canadian-raised allophone of / | **[əʊ] is the Canadian-raised allophone of /æː/ | ||
*ii uu üü /(j)iː uː (ɥ)yː/ | *ii uu üü /(j)iː uː (ɥ)yː/ | ||
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=====Linking R===== | =====Linking R===== | ||
*Example of linking R: ''yi χazr àard'' [jɪ ˈxazə ɹ‿æ̂ːʔ] 'the big flower' (cf. [[ | *Example of linking R: ''yi χazr àard'' [jɪ ˈxazə ɹ‿æ̂ːʔ] 'the big flower' (cf. [[Ciètian]]: ''ye χazerr àrd'' [jə ˈxazər ʔɔɯt]) | ||
*No linking R: ''yi búuθ àard'' [jɪ ˈpǔːħ æ̂ːʔ] 'the big cave' (cf. [[ | *No linking R: ''yi búuθ àard'' [jɪ ˈpǔːħ æ̂ːʔ] 'the big cave' (cf. [[Ciètian]]: ''ye bùθa àrd'' [jə ˈpuːhə ʔɔɯt]) | ||
====Mutations==== | ====Mutations==== | ||
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====Pluralization patterns==== | ====Pluralization patterns==== | ||
#sg. null > pl. -r /ə/: The regular pattern. | #sg. null > pl. -r /ə/: The regular pattern. | ||
#*''bpràan'' /bræ̂:n/ 'a corner' > ''bpràanr'' /bræ̂:nə/ | |||
#sg. level tone > pl. rising tone: Common for nouns whose stems contain a *ð (Tigol ṫ) or *γ (Tigol ċ). | #sg. level tone > pl. rising tone: Common for nouns whose stems contain a *ð (Tigol ṫ) or *γ (Tigol ċ). | ||
#*''hāar'' /xǣ:/ 'a flower' > ''hǎar'' /xæ̌:/ 'flowers' | #*''hāar'' /xǣ:/ 'a flower' > ''hǎar'' /xæ̌:/ 'flowers' | ||
#sg. falling tone > pl. rising: for nouns already ending in r | #sg. falling tone > pl. rising: Common for nouns already ending in r | ||
#*''àavr'' /ˈæ̂ːvə/ 'a book' > ''áavr'' /ˈæ̌ːvə/ 'books' | #*''àavr'' /ˈæ̂ːvə/ 'a book' > ''áavr'' /ˈæ̌ːvə/ 'books' | ||
#sg. null > pl. -n /ən/: For nouns which were monosyllabic in Tigol. | #sg. null > pl. -n /ən/: For nouns which were monosyllabic in Tigol and ended in a vowel. | ||
#*''tèe'' /tʰe:/ 'a valley' pl. ''tèen'' /tʰêːn/ 'valleys' | #*''tèe'' /tʰe:/ 'a valley' pl. ''tèen'' /tʰêːn/ 'valleys' | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives take plurals | Adjectives take plurals like nouns, and have the same pluralization patterns as nouns. | ||
*'' | *''shàan'' /ʂæ̂:n/ 'true (sg)' > ''shàanr'' /ʂæ̂:nə/ 'true (pl)' (~ [[Eevo]] ''tŋawm'' 'true') | ||
*'' | *''zhùu'' /tʂû:/ 'red (sg)' > ''zhùun'' /tʂû:n/ 'red (pl)' (~ [[Eevo]] ''dru'' 'copper') | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
There is a binary system of present vs. past. The past tense requires ergative syntax to be used, like in Anbirese and Ciètian. | |||
The ergative particle is ''u'' /ʊ/. | |||
====Tonal ablaut patterns==== | ====Tonal ablaut patterns==== | ||
#present level > past rising (verbs ending in consonants) | |||
#present any tone > past -n (verbs ending in vowels) | |||
#*''shuò'' 'digs' (~Eevo ''troh'' 'to oppose'); ''shuōn'' 'dug' | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||
[[Category:A priori]] | |||