Quame languages: Difference between revisions

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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Lexicon]]
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]
{{Infobox language family
{{Infobox language family
| region      = Traditionally all over Schrubstiempf and in western Kuderau; today worldwide
| setting    = [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]
| name        = Quihum
| creator    = User:IlL
| familycolor = PfK
| region      = Txapoalli, Talma, Etalocin; today worldwide
| family      = One of Hussmauch's primary language families
| name        = Quame
| protoname  = [[Proto-Quihum]]
| altname    = Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman, Northwestern
| child1 = [[Pfeunic languages|Pfeunic]]
| familycolor = Quame
| child2 = [[Talmic languages|Talmic]]
| family      = One of Tricin's primary language families
| child3 = [[Naquic languages|Naquic]]
| protoname  = [[Proto-Quame]]
| child4 = [[Shoeic languages|Shoeic]]
| child5 = [[Kammalic language|Kammalic]]
| child6 = Sesamic
| child7 = Witcanic
}}
}}


The '''Quihum languages''' ('''Quih''') are moderately inflecting languages that use mainly suffixing, ablaut, and infixing morphology. They are descended from [[Proto-Quihum]] ('''PQuih'''). It is inspired by Indo-European and Pacific Northwest languages.
The '''Quame languages''' ([[Eevo]]: ''brits Cłem'', from ''*kʷēm'', the reconstructed word for 1), also known as '''Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman''', are a major language family in [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]]. It is well-established that that [[Naquic languages|Naquic]] and [[Talmic languages|Talmic]] form a Naquo-Talmic family; the relationship of other languages to Naquo-Talmic is conjectured by some but not well-established.
 
The Quame urheimat is surmised to be somewhere in Etalocin (the union of Clofabolocin and [[Verse:Tricin/Dodellia|Dodellia]]). Proto-Quame was spoken 3000 years ago.
 
Proto-Quame phonology is inspired by classical IE languages (esp. Greek and Proto-Celtic) and Tsez.
 
==Family tree==
* Quame
** [[Talmic languages]]
** [[Roshterian]]
** [[Nurian]]
** [[Naquian]]
** [[Wiobian]]
** [[Aevehāne]]
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
The following inventory of consonants is reconstructed for PQ and is now accepted by the majority of Trician scholars.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! rowspan="2" |Dental
! rowspan="2" |Alveolar
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! colspan="2" |Velar
! colspan="2" |Uvular
! rowspan="2" |Glottal
|-
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>labialized</small>
! |<small>plain</small>
! |<small>labialized</small>
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''*m'''
| '''*n'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! |<small>plain (asp.)</small>
|
| '''*t'''
| '''*T'''
|
| '''*k'''
| '''*kʷ'''
| '''*q'''
| '''*qʷ'''
| '''*{{aleph}}'''
|-
! |<small>ejective</small>
|
| '''*tʼ'''
| '''*Tʼ'''
|
| '''*kʼ'''
| '''*kʷʼ'''
| '''*qʼ'''
| '''*qʷʼ'''
|
|-
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''*b'''
| '''*d'''
| '''*D'''
|
| '''*g'''
| '''*gʷ'''
| '''*ɢ'''
| '''*ɢʷ'''
|
|-
! colspan="2" style="" |Fricative
| '''*φ'''
| '''*s'''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Resonant
|
| '''*l'''
| '''*r'''
| '''*y''' /j/
|
| '''*w'''
|
|
|
|}
 
===Vowels===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
! style="width: 90px; "|
! style="width: 90px; " |Front
! style="width: 90px; " |Central
! style="width: 90px; " |Back
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''*i *ī'''
| 
| '''*u *ū'''
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''*e *ē'''
| 
| '''*o *ō'''
|-
! style="" |Open
|
| '''*a *ā'''
|
|}
 
===Suprasegmentals===
Stress was phonemic.
 
===Phonotactics===
Rules:
*Grassmann's Law operates in many descendants.
 
==Grammar==
===Typology===
No case, number + classifier marking articles, clusivity (very un-IE)
 
OVS; focus prominent; Wackernagel clitics
=== Classifiers ===
*qon, pl. stē = animates (humans, more "animate" animals like pets)
*ṭēn, pl. yes = honorific form of ne
*kwon, pl. φrī = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi, "lower" animals, pests
*φās, pl. nē = generic inanimates
*smār, pl. smin = tiny, point-like objects; mass nouns
*oyr, pl. φal = long, thin objects
*φū, pl. zoy = flat sheets
*gī, pl. krūh = food items
*rāw, pl. sya = abstractions; intellectual works such as art, books, ...
*kmāh, pl. lū = manmade structures: houses, buildings, cities; tools
** Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals.
 
==Derivational morphology==
* ''-sa'': "Caland" suffix
* Compounding (head-final)
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Quame languages|*]][[Category:Proto-languages]]


==Phylogeny==
{{clade
|label1=[[Proto-Quihum]]
|1={{clade
  |label1=[[Proto-Talmic]]
  |1={{clade
      |1=Modern [[Talmic languages]]
      }}
  |2={{clade
      |1=[[Pfeunic languages|Proto-Pfeunic]]
      }}
  |label3=Proto-Naquic
  |3={{clade
    |label1=[[Naquian]]
    |1={{clade
        |1=[[Xaetjeonw]]
        |2=[[Atzòpic]]
        |3=[[Tizian]]
        }}
    |2=[[Phoshic languages|Phoshic]]
    }}
  |label4=[[Proto-Kammalic]]
  |4={{clade
    |1=[[Kammalian]]
    |2=[[Hmooby-Doo]]
    |3=[[Czechmate]]
    |label4=geminates > ejectives
    |4={{clade
        |1=[[Dholuomite]]
        |2=fricativeless Ubykh
        |3=Japanese-esque
        }}
    |label5=Bantu gib
    |5=Manx-ish
    |6=[[Trây]]
    }}
  |label5=[[Shoeic languages|Proto-Shoeic]]
  |5={{clade
    |label1=[[Boot Polish]]
    |1={{clade|1=[[Reboot Polish]]
        |2=[[Kashoebian]]
        }}
    |2=Salish-Russian hybrid
    |3=Hiberno-Salish
    }}
  |6=[[Sesamic languages|Sesamic]]
  |7=Witcanic
  |8=[[Adetsib]] (''ʔAdəʔcʼib'')
  |9=[[Blingit]]
  |10=[[Tuna Saanich]]
  }}
}}


[[Category:Language families|Q]]
[[Category:Language families|Q]]

Latest revision as of 23:55, 9 October 2022

Quame languages/Lexicon

Quame languages/Swadesh list

Quame
Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman, Northwestern
Created byIlL
Geographic
distribution		Txapoalli, Talma, Etalocin; today worldwide
Linguistic classificationOne of Tricin's primary language families
Proto-languageProto-Quame

The Quame languages (Eevo: brits Cłem, from *kʷēm, the reconstructed word for 1), also known as Naquo-Bjeheondo-Talman, are a major language family in Tricin. It is well-established that that Naquic and Talmic form a Naquo-Talmic family; the relationship of other languages to Naquo-Talmic is conjectured by some but not well-established.

The Quame urheimat is surmised to be somewhere in Etalocin (the union of Clofabolocin and Dodellia). Proto-Quame was spoken 3000 years ago.

Proto-Quame phonology is inspired by classical IE languages (esp. Greek and Proto-Celtic) and Tsez.

Family tree

Phonology

Consonants

The following inventory of consonants is reconstructed for PQ and is now accepted by the majority of Trician scholars.

Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
plain labialized plain labialized
Nasal *m *n
Plosive plain (asp.) *t *T *k *kʷ *q *qʷ *ʔ
ejective *tʼ *Tʼ *kʼ *kʷʼ *qʼ *qʷʼ
voiced *b *d *D *g *gʷ *ɢ *ɢʷ
Fricative *φ *s
Resonant *l *r *y /j/ *w

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close *i *ī *u *ū
Mid *e *ē *o *ō
Open *a *ā

Suprasegmentals

Stress was phonemic.

Phonotactics

Rules:

  • Grassmann's Law operates in many descendants.

Grammar

Typology

No case, number + classifier marking articles, clusivity (very un-IE)

OVS; focus prominent; Wackernagel clitics

Classifiers

  • qon, pl. stē = animates (humans, more "animate" animals like pets)
  • ṭēn, pl. yes = honorific form of ne
  • kwon, pl. φrī = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi, "lower" animals, pests
  • φās, pl. nē = generic inanimates
  • smār, pl. smin = tiny, point-like objects; mass nouns
  • oyr, pl. φal = long, thin objects
  • φū, pl. zoy = flat sheets
  • gī, pl. krūh = food items
  • rāw, pl. sya = abstractions; intellectual works such as art, books, ...
  • kmāh, pl. lū = manmade structures: houses, buildings, cities; tools
    • Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals.

Derivational morphology

  • -sa: "Caland" suffix
  • Compounding (head-final)
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