Schlaub

Schlaub/Lexicon
Schlaub/Swadesh list

Schlaub
Ntzog Schlaub
Pronunciation	[/ⁿz̪o̤˧ ɬəʊ˥˩/]
Created by	Praimhín, IlL
Setting	Verse:Tricin
Language family	Hlou-Shum Schlaub

Schlaub (English: /(h)loʊ/ loh; natively: Ntzog Schlaub /ⁿtsʰo̤˧ ɬəu˥˩/; Windermere: brits Ław) is a Bjeheondian tonal language, inspired by Hmong and German. It is the largest of the Hlou-Shum languages.

Background

As folk etymology has it, the name of the Hlou (Schlaub) people comes from the word schlaub 'temperate', thus 'of the temperate lands'.

Diachronics

Hlou merged Proto-Hlou-Shum ai au with ei ou into ei au /əɪ əʊ/. Even i u in some open syllables turned into ei au.

Rimes with glottal stop finals come from Proto-Hlou-Shum final stops.

ä > au; äh > oh

ë > ä; ëi > ei; ëh > äh

Phonology

Vowels

Hlou has 5 basic vowel qualities, but also has a number of diphthongs and nasal vowels.

a e i o u ä ö = /a e i o u ã~ɛ̃ õ/

ah eh ih oh uh äh öh = /aʔ eʔ .../ [only occurs with -Ø, -n, -l tones]

ei ie au äu = /əi~ai iə~ia əu~au əũ~aũ/

Consonants

Hlou has about 65 initials.

Hlou initials

		Labial		Lamino- dental	Apico- alveolar		Post- alveolar	Retroflex		Velar		Labio- velar	Glottal
		plain	lateral		plain	lateral		plain	lateral	plain	lateral
Nasal	voiceless	schm m̥			schn n̥			schnr ɳ̊
	voiced	m m	ml mˡ		n n	nl nˡ		nr ɳ
Plosive	tenuis	b p	bl pˡ		d t	dl tˡ		dr ʈ	drl ʈˡ	g k	gl kˡ		ʔ
	aspirated	p pʰ	pl pˡʰ		t tʰ	tl tˡʰ		tr ʈʰ	trl ʈˡʰ	k kʰ	kl kˡʰ
	prenasalized	mb ᵐb	mbl ᵐbˡ		nd ⁿd			ndr ᶯɖ		ng ᵑɡ	ngl ᵑɡˡ
		mp ᵐpʰ	mpl ᵐpˡʰ		nt ⁿtʰ			ntr ᶯʈʰ		nk ᵑkʰ	nkl ᵑkˡʰ
Affricate	tenuis			dz ts̪	ds ts̺		dx tʃ
	aspirated	pf pɸ		tz ts̪ʰ	ts ts̺ʰ		tx tʃʰ
	prenasalized			ndz ⁿdz̪	nds ⁿdz̺		ndx ⁿdʒ
		mpf ᵐpɸ		ntz ⁿts̪ʰ	nts ⁿts̺ʰ		ntx ⁿtʃʰ
Continuant	voiceless	f f	fl fˡ	z s̪	s s̺	schl ɬ	x ʃ	schr ʂ		sch ɧ		schw ʍ	h h
	voiced	v v				l l	j ʒ	r ʐ~ɻ				w w

Tone

Schlaub has 8 tones, indicated by final letters in Schngellstein's orthography.

Orthography	Tone	Example
∅	mid level / mid checked (33~32)	lau /ləu˧/ 'to plant'
-n	low level / low checked (21~11)	laun /ləu˨˩/ 'to smile'
-l	high level / high checked (45~55)	Laul /ləu˦˥/ 'song'
-b	high falling (53~51)	Laub /ləu˥˩/ 'spring (season)'
-d	dipping / low falling (313~31)	Laud /ləu˧˩˧/ 'shoe'
-g	breathy mid level (33 + breathy)	laug /lə̤u˧/ 'to knit'
-s	rising (25)	laus /ləu˨˥/ 'to receive'
-ß	broken rising (3ˀ5)	Lauß /ləu˧ˀ˥/ 'wrinkle'

Approximate tone frequencies: n ~ l > 0, b ~ s > g > ß ~ d

Orthography

Grammar

Hlou is anslytic and SVO, and is head-initial:

Xan mpes Nän sein.

1SG drink water PROG

I am drinking water.

Dahn dsaul weg zu Mpfein ab zu Schnod.

/taʔ˩ ts̺əu˦˥ we̤˧ s̪u˧ ᵐpɸəi˨˩ əu˧˩ s̪u˧ n̥o˨˥/

1PL speak about VN love and VN hate

We speak about love and hate.

Are you saving it for me? = Zied dsohl ja nun xan aus? (2SG save 3SG.inan for 1SG INTERR)

we love him so we are welcoming him = Dahn mpfein so weil dahn nkeiß zu Schleib an so sein (1PL love 3SG.anim CONJ 1PL celebrate VN come GEN 3SG.anim PRES.PROG)

Pronouns

Personal

Person	Singular	Dual	Plural
1	xan	bluß	dahn
2	zied	jehn	schlag
3	so (animate) ja (inanimate)	nleib	zug
2, 3 (respectful)	Sie

Demonstrative

Correlatives

	What	This	That	Any
Pronominal	nab	naus	nein	nan
Place	drab	draus	drein	dran
Manner/Extent	rab	raus	rein	ran

Prepositions

• bis = in, at
• je = from
• nun = for
• ob = vocative
• weg = about
• wie = to
• wen = like

Auxiliaries

• hab = causative

Particles

• sein = present progressive
• hin = past
• bei = future
• ihn = imperative
• mal = cohortative
• ab = interrogative (sentence final)
  • eh = tag question (sentence final)
• da = exclamatory
• viel = softening
• eh = negative
• schon = prohibitive
• los = inchoative
• wohl = emphatic

Conjunctions

• aus = and
• in = or
• leid = but
• von = relative clause
• tun = complement clause
• daß = if
• weil = then, so, therefore

Nouns

ein = definite article

die = indefinite article

Words are pluralized by reduplication: Ndol Ndol = people

Verbs and adjectives

Adverbs can be formed from verbs via reduplication.

Classifiers

Schlaub does not use classifiers, unlike other languages in the region.

Numerals

1-10: die, beid, lähn, schred, kaß, traun, heid, ntzob, glaub, weiß

100: trleh

1000: schöd

Schm-reduplication

Hloh uses schm-reduplication, which works just like schm-reduplication in English, except that the schm-reduplicant is often repeated.

"Leid xan dzahl heb die Nöl da!" = but I COP just a noob EXCL "Nöl schmöl schmöl, zied mbuh ngäs man wohl!" = noob schmoob schmoob you can make_it EMPH

Fossilized morphology

• PHS s-
  • Schlähn 'tribe' < lähn 'three'
  • schlaub 'temperate' < Laub 'spring'
  • Schwiß 'plain' < wiß 'flat'
• PHS -ʔ (reflected by tone change)
  • -∅ > -b: Laub 'spring' < lau 'to plant'
  • -g > -d: Lied 'art song' < lieg 'to tell a lie; (obsolete) to express'

Poetry

[Under construction]

Example of a rhyme scheme [the poem is gibberish]:

Original	IPA	English
Mpfein schwie ein Ntzähl aus Tsub, Leid wen Bläuß dran, mal Schlub von trlin. Väd mleib weg die Gleiß hin, Raus ein Pfehl nun schraß Xin taub tlub. Daß zu Mläus ein Zeig Pfaß, blein Eib zu Mböd bis Dlaß, klaub wie raug Mlob weil schraß zied Glub. Daß zu Ves ein Drläub flein, Wohl ndso ein Ndxäuß schred sein, Pfehl zag tzau die Vaul blein raus Schmub. Daß zu Vein Nklaub ein Nlag, Aus zu Nlöb pfeib je Schmag ven Waud, schnriß, ob Dlau! dran flän Schaud, klöh xan haud wie Trob, haud nun Tsub. Mpfein schwie ein Tzahl aus Tsub, Leid wen Bläuß dran, mal Schlub von trlin. Väd mleib weg die Gleiß hin, Raus ein Pfehl nun schraß Xin taub tlub.	/ᵐpɸəi˨˩ ʍiə˧ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿts̪ʰãʔ˥ ʔəu˧˩ ts̺ʰu˥˩/ /ləi˨˥ we˨˩ plə̃u˧ˀ˥ ʈa˨˩ ma˦˥ ɬu˥˩ vo˨˩ ʈɬi˨˩/ /vã˨˥ mləi˥˩ we̤˧ tiə˧ kləi˧ˀ˥ hi˨˩/ /ɻəu˧˩ ʔəi˨˩ pɸeʔ˥ nu˨˩ ʂa˧ˀ˥ ʃi˨˩ tʰau˥˩ tɬʰu˥˩/

Sample text

Tower of Babel

Bis Ndreib nein ein Xal dzeb flog die Ntzog ab die zu Wel meid hin.

/pi˨˥ ᶯɖəi˥˩ nəi˨˩ ʔəi˨˩ ʃa˦˥ ts̪e˥˩ flo̤˧ tiə˧ ⁿts̪ʰo̤˧ ʔəu˨˥ tiə˧ s̪u˧we˦˥ məi˨˥ hi˨˩/

LOC time that DEF world whole have INDEF language CONJ INDEF VN speak common PAST

Now the whole world had one language and a common speech.

Leid [bis Glied] zu Ndxub an ein Ndol Ndol wie Schnähn zug raug die Schwiß bis Xi-Na ab [nlub man] drein hin.

/ləi˧˩ pi˨˥ kliə˧˩ s̪u˧ⁿdʒu˥˩ ʔa˨˩ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿdo˦˥ⁿdo˦˥ wiə˧ n̥ãʔ˩ s̪ṳ˧ ɻə̤u˧ tiə˧ ʍi˧ˀ˥ pi˧˩ ʃi˧na˧ ʔəu˧˩ nlu˥˩ma˨˩ ʈəi˨˩ hi˨˩/

but [as] VN move GEN DEF person person PREP east 3PL find INDEF plain PREP Shinar CONJ [settle] there PAST

As people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there.

Ab ein Ndol Ndol tlau wie veß, "Ob bus Ngu ab nlaß zug [schlög schlög] mal."

/ʔəu˨˥ ʔəi˨˩ ⁿdo˦˥ⁿdo˦˥ tɬʰəu˧ wiə˧ ve˧ˀ˥, "o˥˩ pu˧˩ ᵑɡu˧ ʔəu˧˩ nla˧ˀ˥ s̪ṳ˧ ɬõ̤˧ɬõ̤˧ ma˦˥"/

CONJ DEF person person say PREP one_another, VOC make brick CONJ fire_ceramic 3PL [throughly] COHORT

They said to each other, "Come, let's make bricks and bake them thoroughly."

Zug [raug Mlob] Ngu [bis rohn] Pfaub ab Schrähl [bis rohn] [Kis Mbeh] hin.

/s̪ṳ˧ ɻə̤u˧mlo˥˩ ᵑɡu˧ pi˨˥ɻoʔ˩ pɸəu˥˩ ʔəu˧˩ ʂãʔ˥ pi˨˥ɻoʔ˩ kʰi˨˥ᵐbeʔ˧ hi˨˩/

3PL use brick instead_of stone and tar instead_of mortar PAST

They used brick instead of stone, and tar for mortar.

Ab zug tlau, "Ob ntsaus die Mbihl nun dahn ab bis ja die Nklohl von Schmauß [raug man] Ntse mal.

/ʔəu˧˩ s̪ṳ˧ tɬʰəu˧, "ʔo˥˩ ⁿts̺ʰəu˧˩ tiə˧ ᵐbiʔ˥ nu˨˩ taʔ˩ ʔəu˧˩ pi˧˩ ʒa˧ tiə˧ ᵑkʰloʔ˥ vo˨˩ m̥əu˧ˀ˥ ɻə̤u˧ma˨˩ ⁿts̺ʰe˧ ma˦˥/

and 3PL say, VOC build INDEF city for 1PL and in it a tower REL top reach DEF sky COHORT

And they said: "Come, let's build a city for ourselves and a tower in it, whose top would reach the sky.

Rein dahn kla xaus Ntrob mal. In dzas dahn bloß mpeib dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb bei.

That way we will make a name for ourselves; otherwise we will be scattered over the whole world."

Leid ein Schwed schleib mpfau [...] hin.

But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower the people were building.

Ein Schwed tlau, [...]

The Lord said, "If as one people speaking the same language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be impossible for them.

[...]

"Come, let us go down and confuse their language so they will not understand each other.”

Ab ein Schwed mpeib zug je drein dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb ab zug vus ntsaus ein Mbihl hin.

So the Lord scattered them from there over all the earth, and they stopped building the city.

Weil ja flog Ntrob Mba-Mbä — dsäus drein ein Schwed hab drleß ndäul ein Ntzog an ein Xal dzeb hin.

That is why it was called Babel — because there the Lord confused the language of the whole world.

Je drein ein Schwed mpeib zug dseil dseil ein Xal dzeb hin.

From there the Lord scattered them over the face of the whole earth.