Umbrean/Modality: Difference between revisions

From Linguifex
Jump to navigation Jump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 115: Line 115:
| He '''must'nt not''' leave.
| He '''must'nt not''' leave.
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |  
! rowspan=2 | Possible Irrealis
| rowspan=4 | Subjunctive
| rowspan=4 | Subjunctive
| rowspan=2 | Positive
| rowspan=2 | Positive
| Positive
| Positive
|  
| '''COULD'''(x)
|  
| The state of things is possible and might be the case
| He '''could''' be there
|-
|-
| Negative
| Negative
|  
| '''COULD'''(¬x)
|  
| The state of things is possible and might not be the case
| He '''could''' be '''not''' there
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 |  
! rowspan=2 | Counter-factual
| rowspan=2 | Negative
| rowspan=2 | Negative
| Positive
| Positive
|  
| ¬'''COULD'''(x)
| The state of things shouldn't be as it is but might be the case anyway
|  
|  
|-
|-
| Negative
| Negative
|  
| ¬'''COULD'''(¬x)
| The state of things shouldn't be as it is and might be not the case aswell.
|  
|  
|-
|-

Revision as of 17:50, 24 April 2013



Name Modal Form Mood Modal
Polarity
Polarity Logic[*] Meaning English example
Requestal Base Optative Positive Positive REQ(x) Subject requests the action You may leave
Negative REQ(¬x) Subject requests the negation of the action You may not leave
Negative Positive ¬REQ(x)
Negative ¬REQ(¬x)
Possibility Subjunctive Positive Positive POSSI(x) The speaker deem the action to be possible He might be there
Negative POSSI(¬x) The speaker deem the negation of the action to be possible He might not be there
Impossibility Negative Positive ¬POSSI(x) The speaker deem the action to be impossible He can't be there
Negative ¬POSSI(¬x) The speaker deem the negation of the action to be impossible He can't not be there
Ability Abilative Indicative Positive Positive ABIL(x) It is deemed that the subject has the ability to perform the action He is able to walk there
Negative ABIL(¬x) It is deemed that the subject has the ability to perform the negation of the action He is able to not walk there
Inabilaty Negative Positive ¬ABIL(x) It is deemed that the subject has the inability to perform the action He isn't able to walk there
Negative ¬ABIL(¬x) It is deemed that the subject has the inability to perform the negation of the action He isn't able to not walk there
Permission Optative Positive Positive PERM(x) The subject has the permission to perform the action He may walk there
Negative PERM(¬x) The subject has the permission to perform the negation of the action He may not walk there
Prohibitive Negative Positive ¬PERM(x) The subject is forbidden the permission to perform the action He must not leave.
Negative ¬PERM(¬x) The subject is forbidden to perform the negation of the action He must'nt not leave.
Possible Irrealis Subjunctive Positive Positive COULD(x) The state of things is possible and might be the case He could be there
Negative COULD(¬x) The state of things is possible and might not be the case He could be not there
Counter-factual Negative Positive ¬COULD(x) The state of things shouldn't be as it is but might be the case anyway
Negative ¬COULD(¬x) The state of things shouldn't be as it is and might be not the case aswell.
Deduction Hypothetical Indicative Positive Positive
Negative
Negative Positive
Negative
Advisability Optative Positive Positive ADVI(x) The subject is adviced to perform the action "You should talk to him"
Negative ADVI(¬x) The subject is adviced to perform the negation of the action "You shouldn't talk to him"
Inadvisability Negative Positive ¬ADVI(x) The subject is adviced against performing the action
Negative ¬ADVI(¬x) The subject is adviced against performing the negation of the action
Conditional Subjunctive Positive Positive
Negative
Negative Positive
Negative
Neccesity Gerundive Indicative Positive Positive MUST(x) It is neccisery for the subject to perform the action "You must walk there"
Negative MUST(¬x) It is neccisery for the subject to perform the negation of the action action "You must not walk there"
Lack of Neccesity Negative Positive ¬MUST(x) It isn't neccisery for the subject to perform the action "You don't have to walk there"
Negative ¬MUST(¬x) It isn't neccisery for the subject to perform the negation of the action "You don't have to not walk there"
Expectation Optative Positive Positive EXPT(x) The subject is expected to perform the action "You ought to go home"
Negative EXPT(¬x) The subject is expected to perform the negation of the action "You ought to go not home"
Unexpectation
Suprise/Admirative
Negative Positive ¬EXPT(x) The subject isn't expected to perform the action "oh, You went home!"
Negative ¬EXPT(¬x) The subject isn't expected to perform the negation of the action "oh, You didn't go home!"
Probabitive Subjunctive Positive Positive PROB(x) The subject probably will/has/is performing the action "He ought to be there"
Positive PROB(¬x) The subject probably will/has/is performing the negation of the action "He ought to be not there"
Doubative Negative Positive ¬PROB(x) It is doubtful the subject has/is/will perform the action "He ought not to be there"
Positive ¬PROB(¬x) It is doubtful the subject has/is/will perform the negation of the action action "He ought not to be there"
Name Umbrean English
Construct Past Present Future
Verb Form Mood
Requests Base Optative ---- can, could, will, would
Possibility Subjunctive may have, might have, could have may, might, could
Impossibility Subjunctive mood + Negation couldn’t have couldn’t, can’t
Ability/Availability Abilative Indicative could, was/were able to can, am/is/are able to will be able to
Permission Optative could, was/were allowed to may, can, could, am/is/are allowed to will be allowed to
Prohibition Subjunctive could not must not, may not, cannot
Advisability Hypothetical Optative should have, ought to have, had better have should, ought to, had better
Inadvisability Optative + Negation
Logical Deduction Indicative must have, have to have, has to have must, have to, has to ----
Conditional Subjunctive English Conditional[*]
Expectation Gerundive Optative should have, ought to have should, ought to
Necessity Indicative had to must, have to, has to will have to
Lack of Necessity Indicative + Negation didn’t have to don’t have to, doesn’t have to won’t have to
Probative Subjunctive
Doubative Subjunctive + Negation