User:Ceige/PIElist

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Sound changes

Vowel Outcomes

PIE Xárəykə Old-Whatevs New-Whatevs
ey áy e > [e] [é]
oy ày ae > [E] [è]
ew áw eo > [ʌ] [ó]
ow àw o > [o] [ò]
i əy i > [i] [i]
u əw u > [u] [u~ɯ]
e, o á, à a > [a] [á, à]
Ø ə Ø, eu [ə~ɯ] [ə~ɯ]
VHy Vhi Vi [_i]
Vhu Vhu Vu [_u]

Consonant Outcomes

PIE Xárəykə Old-Whatevs New-Whatevs
p pʰ_́ pʰ_́
t tʰ_́ tʰ_́
k kʰ_́ kʰ_́
kʷʰ kʷʰ_́ k(w)ʰ_́
s tʰi tsʰ_́ tsʰ_́ > chʰ_́
kʰi chʰ, kyʰ chʰ_́, kyʰ_́, kʰ_́ Chalked down to microdialectal variation
bh b pʰ_̀ ~ VbV
dh d tʰ_̀ ~ VbV
gh g kʰ_̀ ~ VbV
gʷh g gʷʰ k(w)ʰ_̀ ~ Vg(w)V
ǵh gi chʰ_̀, kyʰ_̀, kʰ_̀ ~ VjV, VgyV, VgV Microdialectal variation
b pº, mRV p [b]_́ ~ VppV
d t [d]_́ ~ VttV
g k [g]_́ ~ VkkV
kʷº [g(ʷ)]_́ ~ Vkk(w)V
ǵ kºi ch j_́, gy_́, k_́ ~ VcchV, VkkyV, VkkV Microdialectal variation
h₁ hi s s, Vs~zV
h₂ h h h
h₃ hw hw hw~f, Vw~uV Sometimes hw/f is perserved medially
h₂i həi hi hy, Vy~iV Sometimes hy/y is preserved medially
m m m m Dialectally sometimes denasalised initially
n n n n Dialectally sometimes denasalised initially
y y y y
w w w w
wi w(ə)y ~y? ~i~y?
r, l r, l r~l l, VrV