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Vėtuhapamarėska: Difference between revisions

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Vėtuhapamarėska (view source)

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|image= POMORZE_XII-copy.png
|image= POMORZE_XII-copy.png
|imagesize= 250px
|imagesize= 250px
|name= ''Old Pomorian language''
|name= Old Pomorian
|nativename=''(Vėtuhapamarėska gålba)''
|nativename=Vėtuhapamarėska gålba
|pronunciation=/ˈʋeː.tʊ.ɦɑ.pɑ.ˈma:.reː.skɑ/
|pronunciation=ˈʋeː.tʊ.ɦɑ.pɑ.ˈma:.reː.skɑ
|-
|creator=User:Raistas
|creator=[[User:Raistas|Raistas]]
|setting=''[[Verse:Pamarija|Parallel World]]''
|setting=''Parallel World''
|-
<!--|speakers=
<!--|speakers=
<nowiki>|</nowiki> <big>Vėtuhapamarėska gålba</big>
<nowiki>|</nowiki> <big>Vėtuhapamarėska gålba</big>
|date=-->
|date=-->
|familycolor=Indo-European
|familycolor=Indo-European
|fam1=[[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|ancestor=[[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor=[[w:Proto-Indo-European language|Proto-Indo-European]]
|ancestor2=[[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]]
|ancestor2=[[w:Proto-Balto-Slavic language|Proto-Balto-Slavic]]
|ancestor3=[[w:History of Proto-Slavic#Pre-Slavic|Early Proto-Slavic]]
|ancestor3=[[w:History of Proto-Slavic#Pre-Slavic|Early Proto-Slavic]]
|script=[[w:Latin script|Latin]]
|script1=Latn
|-
|notice=IPA
|notice=IPA
}}
}}
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* Phonetically speaking sequences of a vowel and an approximant were not real diphthongs, but they also were descending or ascending and took part in ablaut.
* Phonetically speaking sequences of a vowel and an approximant were not real diphthongs, but they also were descending or ascending and took part in ablaut.
===Prosody===
===Prosody===
Old Pomorian was a pitch-accented language. Little can be found out about its stress from the few attestations but it is generally considered to be similar to modern Pomorian. There were also two different types of accent - acute and circumflex, but it is not accepted whether acute was the falling and circumflex - the rising accent (the accent system is speculated to be reversed in modern Pomorian). According to the newest data and the research of extinct southern dialects there could actually be three distinct accents, all of which having long or short variation. Some scholars even propose that Old Pomorian had broken tone similar to Danish stød or Latvian lauzta intonacija which then became a long acute accent in modern language. But this topic still needs more research, yet nothing can be stated for sure.
Old Pomorian was a pitch-accented language. Little can be found out about its stress from the few attestations but it is generally considered to be similar to modern Pomorian. There were also two different types of accent - acute and circumflex. According to the newest data and the research of extinct southern dialects there could actually be three distinct accents, all of which having long or short variation. Some scholars even propose that Old Pomorian had broken tone similar to Danish stød or Latvian lauzta intonacija which then became a long circumflex accent in modern Western dialects. But this topic still needs more research, yet nothing can be stated for sure.
 
===Ablaut===
===Ablaut===
As in Early-Proto Slavic, Old Pomorian also retained productive ablaut alterations, although they had been reduced early in its history. Some new alterations appeared instead and ablaut is still mostly productive even in the modern language. Here the alterations are listed:
As in Early-Proto Slavic, Old Pomorian also retained productive ablaut alterations, although they had been reduced early in its history. Some new alterations appeared instead and ablaut is still mostly productive even in the modern language. Here the alterations are listed:
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|}
|}


'''-s (masculine) -ū(n) (feminine), -n/t/s (neuter)'''
'''-s (masculine) -ū (feminine), -n/t/s (neuter)'''


{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
{|class=wikitable style=text-align:center
|-
|-
!
!
! colspan=3| zmū́n = human being
! colspan=3| zmū́ = human being
! colspan=3| mḗns = moon
! colspan=3| mḗns = moon
|-
|-
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|-
|-
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|align="right"|'''Nominative'''
|zm'''ū́n''' || zm'''ène''' ||zm'''ènes/ènīs'''
|zm'''ū́''' || zm'''ène''' ||zm'''ènes/ènīs'''
|mḗn'''s''' || mḗn'''ese''' ||mḗn'''enes/esās'''
|mḗn'''s''' || mḗn'''ese''' ||mḗn'''enes/esās'''
|-
|-
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| *-am, *-ā 1 || -wā || -ema/-eme
| *-ām, *-ū 1 || -wā || -emas/-eme
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| -esi/-ēi || -tā || -ete
| -esēi/-ēi || -tā || -ete
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| -eti || -te || -anti
| -eti || -tes || -anti
|-
|-
! colspan=4| Athematic
! colspan=4| Athematic
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| *-mì || -wā́ || -mà
| *-mì || -wā́ || -màs
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| -sei || -tā́ || -tè
| -sēi || -tā́ || -tè
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| -ti || -te || -ànti
| -ti || -tes || -ànti
|}
|}
|
|
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| -aun/-un || -wai || -āme
| -an/-un || -wai || -āme
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| *-ēis, *-eis 2 || -wa || -āte
| *-ēis, *-eis 2 || -tāi || -āte
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| -ē || -we || -ēn
| -e || -tes || -ēn
|-
|-
! colspan=4| Sigmatic
! colspan=4| Sigmatic
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| -uhu || -hawai || -hāme
| -uhun || -hawai || -hāme
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| *-hēis, *-heis 2 || -sta || -āste
| *-his, *-hēis 2 || -stā || -āste
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| -hēs || -ste || -hēn
| -hēs || -stes || -hēn
|}
|}
|
|
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| *-sjam, *-sjā 1 || -siwā || -esima/-esime
| *-sjām, *-sjū 1 || -siwā || -esimas
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
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|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| -siti || -site || -sjanti
| -siti || -sites || -sjanti
|-
|-
!colspan=4| *(Continuous) 3
!colspan=4| *(Continuous) 3
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|-
|-
! 1st
! 1st
| *-ensja(m) || -ensiwā || -ensjema/-ensjeme
| *-ensjū || -ensiwā || -ensjemas
|-
|-
! 2nd
! 2nd
| -ensjei/-ensēi || -ensitā || -ensjete
| -ensjēi/-ensēi || -ensitā || -ensjete
|-
|-
! 3rd
! 3rd
| -ensiti || -ensite || -ensjanti
| -ensiti || -ensites || -ensjanti
|}
|}
|}
|}
'''Notes:'''
'''Notes:'''
# Both endings could be reconstructed for 1st person singular in present tense. The former ending is from the Western dialects, the latter - from the Eastern ones.
# Both endings could be reconstructed for 1st person singular in present tense. The former ending is from the Western dialects, the latter - from the Eastern ones. The Eastern form with an '''ū''' is expected from simple phonological development, while the Western '''ām''' is explained by an innovation, shared with Slavic languages, however it doesn't mean that the change happened in early Proto-Slavic, otherwise there would be no differences in endings between the dialects.
# According to the modern language the ''-ēis'' ending is reconstructible for 2nd person singular in past tense, but the form ''-ei'' was attested. However it is not precisely known whether the ''-ei(s)'' ending was real or it could be a misspelling.
# According to the modern language the ''-ēis'' ending is reconstructible for 2nd person singular in past tense, but the form ''-ei'' was attested. However it is not precisely known whether the ''-ei(s)'' ending was real or it could be a misspelling.
# It is not know how exactly the ''en'' suffix functioned, it could indicate a process or duration of an action. It is not found anywhere except this tense.
# It is not know how exactly the ''en'' suffix functioned, it could indicate a process or duration of an action. It is not found anywhere except this tense.
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===To Early and Old Pomorian===
===To Early and Old Pomorian===
* *ś, *ź > *s, *z, a change shared with West Baltic and Proto-Slavic.
* *ś, *ź > *s, *z, a change shared with West Baltic and Proto-Slavic.
* *ē, *ō > *ī, *ū before a final sonorant.
* *ē, *ō > *ī, *ū before a final sonorant and sometimes at the end of the word. This change was blocked in some cases by analogical leveling, like in dual number.
* *eu > *jau
* *eu > *jau
* *ā and *ō > *ā, a change shared with Proto-Slavic.
* *ā and *ō > *ā, a change shared with Proto-Slavic and West Baltic (in unstressed positions only).
* *ā > *ū before labial consonants.
*-as > *-es (in Baltic remained as *-as, in Slavic changed into *-əs and then into *-ъ except Old Novgorodian, where it became -e)
* *š > *x
* *ā > *ū before labial consonants, but was blocked due to an analogical leveling in ''-āti'' endings before labials and its conjugation. Similar change happened in Old Prussian.


These changes happened before the IIIth century CE. It was the time when Early Pomorian separated from Early Proto-Slavic while still remaining a dialect of it. Some loanwords from Proto-Germanic and old Indo-Iranian languages and then also from Old Gothic were entering the language during this time. There were some changes in morphological structure but nothing major had happened by the VIIIth century, when the palatalization of velars started similar to the [[w:Slavic first palatalization|first Slavic palatalization]].
These changes happened before the IIIth century CE. It was the time when Early Pomorian separated from Early Proto-Slavic while still remaining a dialect of it. Some loanwords from Proto-Germanic and old Indo-Iranian languages and then also from Old Gothic were entering the language during this time. There were some changes in morphological structure but nothing major had happened by the VIIIth century, when the palatalization of velars started similar to the [[w:Slavic first palatalization|first Slavic palatalization]].
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