Verse:Lõis/Sketchbook

Sprachbünde

British

• Phonological features inspired by Proto-Inuit -> Greenlandic sound changes
• Evidentiality
• (Split) ergativity

Paleo-Iranian

Retroflex consonants

South India and Southeast Asia

No retroflexes? Pandoga and Palkhan would be typologically unusual

Ethio-IE and Ethio-Semitic

Habesīnan is an Indo-European language, spoken in Ethiopia in Lõis. In modern times it's mostly used as a liturgical and classical language, with the majority of the population speaking Togarmite.

Paḷkhan

Inspired by Kannada and Marathi

Some nativized (tadbhava) Sanskrit words

• ṇnima [ɽ̃n̪imɐ] "full moon" <- *puṇnima <- Sanskrit pūrṇimā
• pyaḷda "forest" <- ati-vṛddha "overgrown"
• mhoṇa "monk" <- śramaṇa

Proto-Palkhan -> Palkhan has an almost consistent stress shift to the second syllable causing the first syllable to get elided; this creates the retroflex-dental clusters and wreaks havoc with the morphology if there happen to be prefixes

separate words for numbers from 1 to 99

Palkhan borrows more from Sanskrit (even some derivational affixes) than Pandoga

Indian grammatical tradition

Includes historical linguistics? they may study the relationship between Greek and Sanskrit and develop a deep orthography that fits both (that could be Panini's claim to fame in Lõis!)

Polish Azalic

Inspired by Scots and Yiddish

Mixolydian

From PIE; t d dh -> tʰ d t

Inspirations: Baltic, Albanian

PIE: h₂áu̯ei̯ h₁i̯osméi̯ h₂u̯l̥h₁náh₂ né h₁ést, só h₁éḱu̯oms derḱt. só gʷr̥hₓúm u̯óǵʰom u̯eǵʰed; só méǵh₂m̥ bʰórom; só dʰǵʰémonm̥ h₂ṓḱu bʰered.

• Proto-Mixolydian (tentative name): avī yasmī wilnō ne estʰ, sa ečʰwās derčitʰ. sa girrų wačą wečetʰ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āčʰu peretʰ. (to thematize)
  • Old Nomadic Mixolydian (with Grimm): avī yasmī wilnō ne est, sa ešwās deršiθ. sa girrų wačą wečeθ, sa mēǰą parą; sa manį āšu pereθ.
    • Levantine Mixolydian: contributed some words to English
  • Classical Mixolydian ("tentum" language, with Grassmann): avyō, kʰō vilnǭ ne tare, retʰvās vaide, mą girrų vaθą veθei, mą mēðą perą veθei; tʰu mą nērą kʰirsvą perei. Greek transcription: αϝιώ, χώ ϝιλνώμ νε ταρε, ρεθϝάς ϝαιδε. μαμ γιρρυμ ϝαϸαμ ϝεϸει, μαμ μέζαμ περαμ ϝεϸει, θυ μαμ νέραμ χιρσϝαμ περει.

Verbs

between Greek and Lithuanian

mediopassive marked with -i

Declension

• wolf: wilkʰas, wilkʰą, wilkʰasya, wilkʰai, wilkʰātʰ, wilkʰai; wilkʰās, wilkʰās, wilkʰą̄, wilkʰamas, wilkʰamis, wilkʰasu
• chair: selwō, selwǭ, selwōs, selwōi, selwōtʰ, selwōi; selwōs, selwǭs, selwōwą̄, selwōmas, selwōmis, selwōsu (~ silva in Latin!)
• gift: dōną, dōną, dōnasya, dōnai, dōnātʰ, dōnai; dōnō, dōnō, dōną̄, dōnamas, dōnamis, dōnasu
• i-stems (extremely uncommon)

The neuter gender merges into the masculine in Classical Mixolydian. Levantine Mixolydian around the 10th century is about as analytic as Hindi.

Morphosyntax

Mixolydian has the accusative and infinitive construction found in Latin and Ancient Greek, and in Classical and Levantine Mixolydian the accusative and infinitive construction by itself is the most common way of expressing the optative.

Lexicon

ρεθϝας means 'horse' in Classical and reθwas means 'wheel' in Nomadic

smas/ainas, dwā, tʰrīs, kʰetʰwār, pʰenkʰe, swečʰs, septʰį, ačtʰau, newį, dečʰį -> Classical mas/ainas, dvā, tʰrīs, ketʰvār, penkʰe, vetʰs, septʰį, attʰau, nevį, detʰį

dūras: faint, soft (drifted from "distant")

leupyą (Nomadic): hobby (calqued from Old Togarmite)