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Nankôre: Difference between revisions
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Created subsection to explain the Inverse and Irrealis markers
(Created subsection to explain the Inverse and Irrealis markers) |
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====Copula Forms ==== | ====Copula Forms ==== | ||
In terms of morphological complexity, the copula performs more functions than the verb. The copula, in addition to redundantly mark the Inverse voice, also encodes tense, number, mood, and causation through a complex series of affixation | In terms of morphological complexity, the copula performs more functions than the verb. The copula, in addition to redundantly mark the Inverse voice, also encodes tense, number, mood, and causation through a complex series of affixation. Note the irregular Indicative Hodiernal tense form; the Inverse marker does ''not'' lengthen as it does for the rest of the paradigm. | ||
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| style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitahán | | style="width:64.01pt; " | tápsipnitahán | ||
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===== Copula Affixes ===== | |||
The Inverse marker ''ta-'' indicates lower animate NP is the Agent acting on a higher animate NP whose role is that of Patient. The marker occurs in two locations: as a clitic to the first verb of the VP, and as a bound prefix to the copula ''itá'''. In conjunction with the infix ''-n-'', the bound form of the Inverse mnarker encodes plurality of the LA Agent as well via vowel lengthening in open syllables, or compensatory stress in closed syllables. The Hodiernal tense is an exception: the vowel of the Inverse marker neither undergoes vowel lengthening, nor does it receive compensatory stress. This is presumably because the tense marker ''-ô-'' suppresses lengthening of a preceding vowel according to Nankôre phonological rules, thus moving the stress rightward. | |||
The suffix ''-h'' occurs in all future forms. This suffix is the Irrealis, cognate with the Minhast Irrealis marker ''-š''. In addition to marking the future tenses, it is used also to mark conditional clauses, clauses marked with evidentials/modals for events not directly experienced by the speaker, and other specialized constructs. | |||
==== Verbal Forms ==== | ==== Verbal Forms ==== | ||