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Valian: Difference between revisions
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===Phonotactics=== | ===Phonotactics=== | ||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
Like other languages by [[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]] | Like other languages by [[User:Chrysophylax|Chrysophylax]] Valian seems to have a strong dislike for syllable-initial consonant clusters - that is, no onset consonant clusters have been discovered so far. | ||
Syllables can at most be reduced to (C<sub>1</sub>)V(C<sub>2</sub>), where C<sub>1</sub> can be any valid onset consonant (see list), V can be any single or valid combination of vowels (see list of tri- and diphthongs), and C<sub>2</sub> can be any valid onset consonant or cluster (see [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#Phonotactics#Clusters|this list]]). | Syllables can at most be reduced to (C<sub>1</sub>)V(C<sub>2</sub>), where C<sub>1</sub> can be any valid onset consonant (see list), V can be any single or valid combination of vowels (see list of tri- and diphthongs), and C<sub>2</sub> can be any valid onset consonant or cluster (see [[{{FULLPAGENAME}}#Phonotactics#Clusters|this list]]). | ||
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns in | Nouns in Valian can be inflected for number, gender, and possession. Unlike the pronouns, they are not inflected for case ever. Instead, Valian requires noun-heavy sentences to obey a quite fix word order to mark objects and subjects. | ||
====Gender==== | ====Gender==== | ||
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=====Dual===== | =====Dual===== | ||
The dual is used only for things that naturally form pairs such as eyes, twins, etc. It is thus not very common outside a very specific semantic area. Nevertheless, it is often utilised when referring to body parts. Care must be taken to remember that only the dual is correct here. The dual marker ''-id'' may seem a bit strange at first to those who have delved into the phonology of | The dual is used only for things that naturally form pairs such as eyes, twins, etc. It is thus not very common outside a very specific semantic area. Nevertheless, it is often utilised when referring to body parts. Care must be taken to remember that only the dual is correct here. The dual marker ''-id'' may seem a bit strange at first to those who have delved into the phonology of Valian. It is not too surprising when one takes into account that this is a relatively new development – the old dual was ''-idü'' – traces of which can be seen in certain set phrases such as "''{{term|riimidüinä}}!''", 'an attractive person, a hottie'. | ||
:''nee suurana '''haaval-id rangaha-id''''' | :''nee suurana '''haaval-id rangaha-id''''' | ||
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E.g. | E.g. | ||
{{ | {{Valian silma declension|silma}} | ||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
Pronouns are quite distinct from nouns in morphological analysis. For one, they decline for three cases: nominative ({{sc|nom}}), genitive-dative ({{sc|gen-dat}}), and oblique({{sc|obl}}). They are also inflected for number, but unlike true nouns they never receive marking for possession nor gender. This means that pronouns are one of the freer elements in | Pronouns are quite distinct from nouns in morphological analysis. For one, they decline for three cases: nominative ({{sc|nom}}), genitive-dative ({{sc|gen-dat}}), and oblique({{sc|obl}}). They are also inflected for number, but unlike true nouns they never receive marking for possession nor gender. This means that pronouns are one of the freer elements in Valian and sentences composed primarily of pronouns need not follow the otherwise so rigid subject-verb-object word order. | ||
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{| class="mw-collapsible bluetable" | {| class="mw-collapsible bluetable" | ||
!style="background:#699BB0" colspan="10"| | !style="background:#699BB0" colspan="10"| Valian personal pronouns | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="background:#489DC2" colspan="2" | number | ! style="background:#489DC2" colspan="2" | number | ||
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====Tenses==== | ====Tenses==== | ||
=====Present===== | =====Present===== | ||
The present is generally used for denoting actions that are taking place in the now and is also used for forming the future tense in conjunction with specific adverbs. Unlike English which has a distinction between "I'm going" and "I go", | The present is generally used for denoting actions that are taking place in the now and is also used for forming the future tense in conjunction with specific adverbs. Unlike English which has a distinction between "I'm going" and "I go", Valian uses the same form for both. For thematic verbs, the present tense set of inflexions consists of ''-te, -ke, -na, -teen, -keen, -nän'' For athematic verbs, add the linking vowel ''-i-'' and the thematic endings. Thus ''magate'', ''magake'', ''magana'', ''magateen'', ''magakeen'', ''maganän'' for the verb ''magaan''. | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||