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Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
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→Vowels - Camiyāṃsai
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! rowspan=2 | Low !! <small>Oral</small> | ! rowspan=2 | Low !! <small>Oral</small> | ||
| || '''''a''''' | | || '''''a''''' ä<sup><small>2</small></sup><br/>'''''ā''''' äː<sup><small>2</small></sup> || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Br.-voiced</small> | ! <small>Br.-voiced</small> | ||
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Table notes: | Table notes: | ||
# In modern Chlouvānem, the distinction between '''o''' and '''å''' is purely orthographical. | # In modern Chlouvānem, the distinction between '''o''' and '''å''' is purely orthographical. | ||
# Chlouvānem '''a''' is a central vowel and is better transcribed as [ä]. However, for simplicity's sake, it will always be transcribed, phonemically and phonetically, as /a/ [a] hereafter. | |||
Chlouvānem vowels have very little allophony, always having values pretty close to their IPA representations' usual positions in the vowel trapeze. As Chlouvānem (and most of its descendants, which are the true native languages for the majority of Chlouvānem speakers) is a syllable-timed language, and stressed and unstressed syllables are barely (if at all) distinguished, unstressed vowel reduction is basically nonexistent.<br/>The most notable instances of vowel allophony are: | |||
* /ɛ/ | * /ɛ ɛː/ lower to [æ æː] before /ʀ/ - e.g. ''kauchlærīn'' [kaʊ̯c͡ɕʰɴ̆æːʀʲiːŋ] "professor"; | ||
* /ɔ/ is realized as [oː] word-finally ( | * /ɔ/ is realized as a mid or, for some speakers, high-mid vowel ([o̞] or even [o]) when preceding any of '''l lь r rь c ch j jh''' - e.g. ''jålkha'' [ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆qʰa～ɟ͡ʑo̞ɴ̆kʰa] "cold". It is also realized as [oː] (high-mid and long) word-finally. This is, however, rare, mostly only found in borrowings or Eastern toponyms - e.g. ''Paramito'' [paʀamʲitoː] (a city in the Far East); | ||
* /u/ is moderately fronted - usually to [ʉ] - after palatalized consonants and /j/ (explaining why /y/ or similar vowels are usually borrowed as /ju/). | * /u/ is moderately fronted - usually to [ʉ] - after palatalized consonants and /j/ (explaining why /y/ or similar vowels are usually borrowed as /ju/ or /ʲu/) - e.g. ''yutia'' [jʉtʲa] "area, direction" | ||
The variants of Chlouvānem spoken by the Chlouvānem minorities in Kŭyŭgwažtov, Soenyŏ-tave, and other countries of the former Kaiṣamā have acquired, through language contact, the front rounded vowels /y ø/ - they are present in loans from the majority languages of those areas (cf. in Kŭyŭgwaž Chlouvānem ''köndegura'' / | The variants of Chlouvānem spoken by the Chlouvānem minorities in Kŭyŭgwažtov, Soenyŏ-tave, and other countries of the former Kaiṣamā have acquired, through language contact, the front rounded vowels /y ø/ - they are present in loans from the majority languages of those areas (cf. in Kŭyŭgwaž Chlouvānem ''köndegura'' /køndeguʀa/ "mountain road", ''nüvka'' /nyʋka/ (a typical dish) < Kŭy. ''köndŭgŭr'', ''nüvŭk''), as well as in peculiar sound changes from the standard pronunciation (Kŭy.Chl. /y/ for standard /ju/ and /ʲu/, e.g. ''yutia'' "area, direction" /(j)ytʲa/). | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||