8,551
edits
Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Relative clauses
| Line 427: | Line 427: | ||
Chlouvānem relative clauses are nonreduced and work exactly the same way as adjectival verbs do: both clauses are independent. Time, place, and similar things are expressed with a distal correlative (see the [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Correlatives|table of correlatives]]).<br/> | Chlouvānem relative clauses are nonreduced and work exactly the same way as adjectival verbs do: both clauses are independent. Time, place, and similar things are expressed with a distal correlative (see the [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Correlatives|table of correlatives]]).<br/> | ||
The structure is thus as follows: | The structure is thus as follows: | ||
: ''nanā jāyim sēyet mešē | : ''nanā jāyim sēyet mešē lilyā buneya.'' | ||
: that.<small>DIR</small>. girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. <small>2S.ERG</small>. see-<small>IND.PRES.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. <small>1S.GEN.</small> older_sister.<small>DIR.SG</small>. | : that.<small>DIR</small>. girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. <small>2S.ERG</small>. see-<small>IND.PRES.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. <small>1S.GEN.</small> older_sister.<small>DIR.SG</small>. | ||
: That girl you see is my older sister. | : That girl you see is my older sister. | ||
| Line 436: | Line 436: | ||
: I don’t know/understand what I see. | : I don’t know/understand what I see. | ||
: '' | : ''lilyā ñæltah līlekhaitom tesmudhiṣya ātiya lēyet lairkeikom khlavasiṣya''. | ||
: <small>1S.GEN</small>. sister.<small>DIR.SG</small>. Līlekhaitē-<small>DAT</small>. depart_with_plane-<small>IND.FUT.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. then. <small>1S.ERG</small>. airport-<small>DAT.SG</small>. go_with.<small>IND.FUT.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | : <small>1S.GEN</small>. sister.<small>DIR.SG</small>. Līlekhaitē-<small>DAT</small>. depart_with_plane-<small>IND.FUT.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. then. <small>1S.ERG</small>. airport-<small>DAT.SG</small>. go_with.<small>IND.FUT.3S.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | ||
: When my sister takes the plane to Līlekhaitē, I will go with her to the airport. | : When my sister takes the plane to Līlekhaitē, I will go with her to the airport. | ||
| Line 446: | Line 446: | ||
The same strategy is used for attributes — ''kamilire pluta'' "blue bag" or "bag that is blue", including participial-like structures such as the following ones: | The same strategy is used for attributes — ''kamilire pluta'' "blue bag" or "bag that is blue", including participial-like structures such as the following ones: | ||
: ''lilei ''' | : ''lilei '''pryemęlya''' pluta'' - the bag which has been given back by the person (literally: "by the person it has been given back, the bag") | ||
: ''plutu ''' | : ''plutu '''pritēmęlya''' lila'' - the person who has given back the bag | ||
: ''plutu dhurvāneiti ''' | : ''plutu dhurvāneiti '''prikevemęlya''' lila'' - the person for whose benefit the bag has been given back to the police | ||
: ''plutu ītulom ''' | : ''plutu ītulom '''prituremęlya''' lila'' - the person for whose misfortune the bag has been given back to the thief | ||
: ''håmarṣūvī '''nīpanotē''' pluta'' - the bag in which the keys lie | : ''håmarṣūvī '''nīpanotē''' pluta'' - the bag in which the keys lie | ||
: ''plutu ''' | : ''plutu '''primbyemęlya''' lila'' - the person who has been given back the bag | ||
: ''plutua | : ''plutua demye maihei '''primbyemęlya''' lila'' - the person who has been given back the bag by his/her own daughter | ||
: ''ītulu lāṇṭaṃrye lilei '''utugamǣ''' pluta'' - the bag with which the thief has been hit on the head by the person | : ''ītulu lāṇṭaṃrye lilei '''utugamǣ''' pluta'' - the bag with which the thief has been hit on the head by the person | ||
This "attributive" construction is very commonly used. In fact, the first example in this section may be more commonly found as ''sēyet mešē jāyim | This "attributive" construction is very commonly used. In fact, the first example in this section may be more commonly found as ''sēyet mešē jāyim lilyā buneya'' (or ''mešite jāyim lilyā buneya''). | ||
Such constructions can also be used where English uses gerundive constructions: | Such constructions can also be used where English uses gerundive constructions: | ||
# ''plutu | # ''plutu demye maihei primbyemęlya lila hånyadaikirek.'' | ||
#: bag-<small>ACC.SG</small>. one's_own-<small>ERG</small>. daughter-<small>ERG</small>. give.back-<small>IND.PERF.3.EXTERIOR-DAT</small>. person.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be_happy-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | #: bag-<small>ACC.SG</small>. one's_own-<small>ERG</small>. daughter-<small>ERG</small>. give.back-<small>IND.PERF.3.EXTERIOR-DAT</small>. person.<small>DIR.SG</small>. be_happy-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.INTERIOR.COMMON</small>. | ||
#: The person, having been given back the bag by his/her own daughter, was happy. | #: The person, having been given back the bag by his/her own daughter, was happy. | ||
# ''ālīce guṃsek | # ''ālīce guṃsek lilyā pamih uyūṭarumi rileyek.'' | ||
#: that.way. cut-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. my.<small>DIR</small>. finger.<small>DIR.SG</small>. operation-<small>GEN.SG</small>. need-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | #: that.way. cut-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. my.<small>DIR</small>. finger.<small>DIR.SG</small>. operation-<small>GEN.SG</small>. need-<small>IND.PAST.3SG.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | ||
#: My finger, having been cut that way, needed an operation. | #: My finger, having been cut that way, needed an operation. | ||
# ''panaɂetatimu læmilāṇe arūppumei ilakatū | # ''panaɂetatimu læmilāṇe arūppumei ilakatū læmilila menire memiṃsūyiṣya.'' | ||
#: pole_position-<small>ACC.SG</small>. championship-<small>LOC.SG</small>. rival-<small>ERG.SG</small>. take-<small>IND.PERF.3.EXTERIOR-ANTIBEN</small>. driver.<small>DIR.SG</small>. tomorrow. risk-<small>NECESS-IND.FUT.3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | #: pole_position-<small>ACC.SG</small>. championship-<small>LOC.SG</small>. rival-<small>ERG.SG</small>. take-<small>IND.PERF.3.EXTERIOR-ANTIBEN</small>. driver.<small>DIR.SG</small>. tomorrow. risk-<small>NECESS-IND.FUT.3.EXTERIOR.PATIENT</small>. | ||
#: The driver, being disadvantaged as (his/her) championship rival has taken pole position, will have to take some risks tomorrow. | #: The driver, being disadvantaged as (his/her) championship rival has taken pole position, will have to take some risks tomorrow. | ||