8,617
edits
Atlantic/Older version: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m
→Distinctive features
| Line 37: | Line 37: | ||
/l/ was later reintroduced into the language through Arabic loans and later Latin and Greek learned reborrowings – cf. ''luua'' "dialect" from Arabic لغة ''luḡa''. | /l/ was later reintroduced into the language through Arabic loans and later Latin and Greek learned reborrowings – cf. ''luua'' "dialect" from Arabic لغة ''luḡa''. | ||
Atlantic palatalized /k ɡ/ as most Western Romance languages did, to /ts dz/; /ts/ also resulted from <small>-TI-</small> and <small>-TR-</small> (but not <small>-STR-</small>) clusters. These were later deaffricated to /s z/ in most dialects, but a few Numidian ones still retain the affricates. See <small>RATIŌNEM</small> > ''raçon'' "reason, cause" /raˈtson/ > /raˈson/, <small>TRIA</small> > ''çìa'' "three (disj.)" /ˈtsi.a/ > /ˈsi.a/, <small>GELĀRE</small> > ''giuòi'' "to freeze" /dziˈwoi̯/ > /ziˈwoi̯/. <small>-DI-</small> developed differently depending on whether it was followed by a front or by a non-front vowel. Before non-front vowels, the palatal element was lost so that it developed as regular intervocalic /d/ (see below); before front vowels, it palatalized to /dz/ much like <small>-TI-</small> did; cf. <small>NVMIDIAM</small> > *Numida > ''Numìua'' "Numidia" /nuˈmiwa/ and <small>NVMIDIĒNSEM</small> > ''numigens'' /numiˈdzens/ > /numiˈzens/ "Numidian". | |||
Intervocalic lenition of stops also follows the Western Romance pattern: unvoiced stops become voiced and voiced stops become fricatives, with original /d/ becoming */ð/ > /w/ and original /ɡ/ becoming */ɣ/ > /w/ or */ɣ/ > /j/ according to nearby vowels: | |||
: <small>CAPERE</small> > *cabi > ''cab'' "to understand" | |||
: <small>VĪTAM</small> > ''uaida'' "life" | |||
: <small>CRVCEM</small> > *crugi > ''ecrug'' "cross" | |||
: <small>QVOQVE</small> > *pubi > ''pub'' "also" | |||
: <small>CABALLVM</small> > *caual > ''cauài'' "horse" | |||
: <small>PEDEM</small> > *piði > ''piu'' "foot" /piu̯/ | |||
: <small>FRIGIDVM</small> > */wriɣiðu/ > ''uriu'' "cold" | |||
: <small>MAGVM</small> > */maɣu/ > ''mau'' "nomad"<ref>Originally "magician, fortune-teller", this term came to identify wandering fortune-tellers. | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||