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West Carpathian grammar: Difference between revisions
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====Infinitive X==== | ====Infinitive X==== | ||
The infintive X is obsolete in modern day speech and can often be found only in one verb ''jiedi'' "to know", the infinitive of which is ''jīnki'' and means "as far as it is known". Personal endings can be added to it (this feature developed later after the division of the Carpathian languages), the most commonly used ''jīngin'' "as far as I know" or ''jīnginka'' "as far as we know". | The infintive X is obsolete in modern day speech and can often be found only in one verb ''jiedi'' "to know", the infinitive of which is ''jīnki'' and means "as far as it is known". Personal endings can be added to it (this feature developed later after the division of the Carpathian languages), the most commonly used ''jīngin'' "as far as I know" or ''jīnginka'' "as far as we know". | ||
===Verb types=== | |||
There are ten inflection verb types. Every verb belongs to a certain type according to its verb stem. Nine types are regular, since verbs belonging to these types have predictable basic changes in conjugation. The following table shows some of these changes, which define the conjugation pattern (''vinsatuare''): | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Type | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Example | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | 1<sup>sg</sup> Pres. | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | 3<sup>sg</sup> Past | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | 2<sup>sg</sup> Imp. | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Infinitive III | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Infinitive V | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Infinitive I | |||
! class="hintergrundfarbe6" | Translation | |||
|- | |||
| I-a | |||
| māli | |||
| mālel | |||
| māluvā | |||
| mālkē | |||
| malmōn | |||
| mālinna | |||
| -i | |||
| to talk | |||
|- | |||
| I-b | |||
| kuoidi | |||
| kuil | |||
| kuoiduvā | |||
| kuoikē | |||
| kuimōn | |||
| kuoinna | |||
| -ji/-di | |||
| to melt | |||
|- | |||
| I-c | |||
| niähti | |||
| nēllel | |||
| niähtuvā | |||
| nēlkē | |||
| nēllemēn | |||
| niähtinnä | |||
| -hpi/-hti/-hci/-hki | |||
| to give | |||
|- | |||
| I-d | |||
| miänti | |||
| miännel | |||
| miäntuvā | |||
| miänkē | |||
| miännemēn | |||
| miäntinnä | |||
| -mpi/-nti/-nki/-sti | |||
| to recall | |||
|- | |||
| II | |||
| poadi | |||
| paol | |||
| poaduvā | |||
| poadekē | |||
| paomōn | |||
| poadinna | |||
| -ädi/-adi | |||
| to fall | |||
|- | |||
| II-b | |||
| pirki | |||
| piril | |||
| pirjivā | |||
| pirjikē | |||
| pirimēn | |||
| pirkinnä | |||
| -rki/-lki/-ski | |||
| to remain | |||
|- | |||
| III | |||
| kārui | |||
| kārul | |||
| kāruvā | |||
| kārukē | |||
| kārumōn | |||
| kāruinna | |||
| -ei/-ui | |||
| to be green | |||
|- | |||
| IV | |||
| ňiheškai | |||
| ňiheššal | |||
| ňiheškavā | |||
| ňiheškakē | |||
| ňiheššamōn | |||
| ňiheškainna | |||
| -kai | |||
| to have fish | |||
|- | |||
| V | |||
| varvekui | |||
| varveul | |||
| varvekuvā | |||
| varvekukē | |||
| varveumōn | |||
| varvekuinna | |||
| -kui | |||
| to paint | |||
|- | |||
| VI | |||
| rūhtei | |||
| rūkkēl | |||
| rūhtevā | |||
| rūhtekē | |||
| rūkkēmōn | |||
| rūhteinna | |||
| -tei | |||
| to make clothes | |||
|- | |||
| VII | |||
| soveähtei | |||
| soveällel | |||
| soveähtevā | |||
| soveähtekē | |||
| soveällemōn | |||
| soveähteinna | |||
| -ahtei | |||
| to go skiing | |||
|- | |||
| VIII | |||
| näissi | |||
| näisel | |||
| näissevā | |||
| näiskē | |||
| näisemēn | |||
| näissinnä | |||
| -si | |||
| to be able to swim | |||
|- | |||
| IX | |||
| pellekei | |||
| pellekil | |||
| pellekeivā | |||
| pelleikkē | |||
| pellekimōn | |||
| pellekīnna | |||
| -kei | |||
| to want to sing | |||
|- | |||
| X | |||
| terväi | |||
| tervän | |||
| terväjä | |||
| tervē | |||
| tervämēn | |||
| terväinnä | |||
| -äi/-ai | |||
| to need | |||
|} | |||
[[Category:Carpathian languages]] | [[Category:Carpathian languages]] | ||