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Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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→"Paired" particles
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Chlouvānem does not have "paired" particles as English does, because they are translated in different ways: | Chlouvānem does not have "paired" particles as English does, because they are translated in different ways: | ||
* "both... and..." is translated by the adverb '''peimęe''' (the same), either in the form "X Y no peimęe" or in "X ..., Y peimęe": | * "both... and..." is translated by the adverb '''peimęe''' (the same), either in the form "X Y no peimęe" or in "X ..., Y peimęe": | ||
:: ''jādāh lañekaica no peimęe | :: ''jādāh lañekaica no peimęe nanau draikate'' – both Jādāh and Lañekaica did that. | ||
:: ''nāniu uyųlaṃte : māru peimęe'' – I have eaten both the bread and the mango. | :: ''nāniu uyųlaṃte : māru peimęe'' – I have eaten both the bread and the mango. | ||
* "neither... nor..." requires the sentence to be built in a different way, namely "not X, and also not Y", where "also not" is translated in two different ways: 1) by the particle '''gūta''' (more formal); or 2) with the adverb ''peimęe'' - therefore building a sentence that is exactly like the "both X and Y" but negative. | * "neither... nor..." requires the sentence to be built in a different way, namely "not X, and also not Y", where "also not" is translated in two different ways: 1) by the particle '''gūta''' (more formal); or 2) with the adverb ''peimęe'' - therefore building a sentence that is exactly like the "both X and Y" but negative. | ||
:: ''jādāh | :: ''jādāh nanau gu dṛkte ša : lañekaica gūta'' – neither Jādah nor Lañekaica did that. Literal translation: Jādāh didn't do it, and Lañekaica also [didn't]. | ||
:: ''nāniu gu uyųlaṃte ša : māru peimęe'' – I have eaten neither the bread nor the mango. Literally: I haven't eaten the bread, and the same for the mango. | :: ''nāniu gu uyųlaṃte ša : māru peimęe'' – I have eaten neither the bread nor the mango. Literally: I haven't eaten the bread, and the same for the mango. | ||
* "either... or..." is easily translated by the exclusive or (''mbu''). It is commonly only used after the second term, but it can be put after every term for emphasis: | * "either... or..." is easily translated by the exclusive or (''mbu''). It is commonly only used after the second term, but it can be put after every term for emphasis: | ||
:: ''jādāh (mbu) lañekaica mbu | :: ''jādāh (mbu) lañekaica mbu nanau dṛkte'' – either Jādah or Lañekaica did it. (note the singular verb) | ||
===Emphatic particles=== | ===Emphatic particles=== | ||