Sharqi: Difference between revisions

*The ''(a/i)'' after ''F'' is dropped if possible, even if phonotactics require the ''F'' to be changed - e.g. ''katab'' "he wrote", ''ay tigtib'' "do not write". On the other hand, the ''(a/i)'' or ''[a]'' after ''C'' is generally dropped only if that will lead to no consonant changes - e.g. ''yikatabuu'' "they write" (not ''*yikadbuu'').

| <center>1S</center> || <center>'''''iFaC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''iqad[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''iF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''iqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FaCaLku'''''</center> || <center>''qadalku''</center>|| <center>'''''FaCiíLay'''''</center> || <center>''qadiílay''</center>||<center>'''''íF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''íqdal''</center> || <center>'''''íF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''íqdal''</center>

| <center>2S</center> || <center>'''''tiFaC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''tiqad[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CíL'''''</center> ||  <center>''tiqdíl''</center>||<center>'''''FaCaLka'''''</center> || <center>''qadalka''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiíLag'''''</center> || <center>''qadiílag''</center>|| <center>'''''FíCaL'''''</center> || <center>''qídal''</center>|| <center>'''''tíF(i)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''tíqdal''</center>

| <center>3SM</center> || <center>'''''yiFaC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''yiqad[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CíL'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FaC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''qad[a]l''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiíLaw'''''</center> || <center>''qadiílaw''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdal''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdal''</center>

| <center>3SF</center> || <center>'''''tiFaC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''tiqad[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''tiF(i)CíL'''''</center> ||  <center>''tiqdíl''</center>||<center>'''''FaC(a)Lad'''''</center> || <center>''qadlad''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiíLaad'''''</center> || <center>''qadiílaad''</center>|| <center>'''''tíF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''tíqdal''</center>|| <center>'''''tíF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''tíqdal''</center>

| <center>1P</center> || <center>'''''niFaC[a]L'''''</center> || <center>''niqad[a]l''</center>|| <center>'''''niF(i)CíL'''''</center> ||  <center>''niqdíl''</center>|| <center>'''''FaCaLna'''''</center> || <center>''qadalna''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiíLan'''''</center> || <center>''qadiílan''</center>|| <center>'''''níF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''níqdal''</center>|| <center>'''''níF(a)CaL'''''</center> || <center>''níqdal''</center>

| <center>IMP</center> || <center>'''''yiFaC(a)Las'''''</center> || <center>''yiqadlas''</center>|| <center>'''''yiF(i)CíLas'''''</center> || <center>''yiqdílas''</center>|| <center>'''''FáC(a)Las'''''</center> || <center>''qádlas''</center> || <center>'''''FaCiíLays'''''</center> || <center>''qadiílays''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CiLas'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdilas''</center>|| <center>'''''yíF(a)CiLas'''''</center> || <center>''yíqdilas''</center>-->

**y: ''iy'' becomes ''ii'' before a consonant - e.g. ''al tiibas'' "she/it does not dry" (from ''*tiybas'').

**Ø: preceding ''i'' becomes ''a'' in the imperfect and is lengthened in the jussive - e.g. ''yaahal'' "it is enough" (from ''*yiØahal''), ''ay yiihil'' "let it not be enough" (from *''yiØhil'').

**A guttural letter (''G'': ', h, c, x): when intervocalic, preceding short vowel assimilates to following vowel - e.g. ''yaxamal'' "he carries" (from ''*yixamal'')<!--, ''ay tacrif'' "don't rest" (from ''ticrif'')-->.

***''yi(i)'' becomes ''ii'' - e.g. ''ay tikiid'' "do not walk/go" (from ''*tikyid'').

***''ayii'' becomes ''ey'' - e.g. ''keýdaw'' "him walking/going" (from ''*kayiídaw'').

***''wi(i)'' becomes ''uu'' (and makes preceding ''i'' into ''u'') - e.g. ''ay tukuun'' "do not become" (from ''*tikwin'').

***''awii'' becomes ''oy'' - e.g. ''koýnaw'' "him being" (from ''*kawiínaw'').

***''Øi(i)'' becomes ''ii''<!--or aa?''--> - e.g. ''ay tiliig'' "don't send" (from ''*tilØig'').

***''aØii'' becomes ''ay'' - e.g. ''láygaw'' "him sending" (from ''*laØiígaw'').

***''aGii'' in gerundive becomes ''iGii'' - e.g. ''mixiiraw'' "him being kind/merciful"

***''yuu'' becomes ''uu'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinasuún'' "they forget" (from ''*yinasyuún'').

**''iyuu'' becomes ''uu'' - e.g. ''ay tisilluún'' "do not pray ''(pl.)''" (from ''*tisilliyuún'')

***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCíy-'' (''FaCií-'' before a consonant).

***''wuu'' becomes ''uu'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yacafuún'' "they forgive" (from ''*yicafwuún'').

***''awuu'' becomes ''ow'' - e.g. ''yiqandhoẃn'' "they get a fever" (from ''*yiqandhawuún'').

***''iwuu'' becomes ''uu''  e.g. ''ay ticfuún'' "do not forgive ''(pl.)''" (from ''*ticfiwuún'')

***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCúw-'' (''FaCuú-'' before a consonant).

***''Øuu'' becomes ''uu'' after a consonant - e.g. ''yinashuún'' "they take/lift" (from ''*yinashØuún'').

***''aØuu'' becomes ''ow'' - e.g. ''yuwaddoẃn'' "they finish" (from ''*yiwaddaØuún'')

***''iØuu'' becomes ''uu''  e.g. ''ay tinshuún'' "do not take/lift ''(pl.)''" (from ''*tinshiØuún'')

***The gerundive takes the base ''FaCíy-'' (''FaCií-'' before a consonant).

**G: Preceding short vowel assimilates to following vowel - e.g. ''yi

*For quinquiliteral verbs, replace ''C'' with ''CaCC''/''CiCC'' (with the vowel corresponding to the bracketed one) - e.g. ''dhamastar'', ''yidhamastar'', ''yidhimistír'' "complete". If one of the consonants is ''w'' or ''y'', the aforementioned simplifications apply and the unnecessary ''a''/''i'' is not added - e.g. ''targoon'', ''yitargoon'', ''yuturguún'', ''targuúmaw'' "translate" (from ''*taragwam'', ''*yitaragwam'', ''*yitirigwím'', ''*taragwiímaw''). In forms where no simplifications can take place, however, the extra vowel is added - e.g. ''tar<b>a</b>gwaámi'' "translator".