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→Morphophonology
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<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | ||
===Morphophonology=== | ===Morphophonology=== | ||
====Word-final devoicing==== | |||
The following changes affect voiced stops, fricatives, and affricates when they occur word-finally: | |||
*'''b''' /b/, '''bj''' /d͡ʒ/: devoiced to /p, t͡ʃ/ after nasals; otherwise devoiced and fricatized to /f, ʃ/. | |||
*'''d''' /d/, '''g''' /ɡ/, '''gj''' /d͡ʒ/: devoiced to /t, k, t͡ʃ/ after consonants; devoiced and fricatized to /θ, x, ʃ/ after vowels. | |||
*'''dj''' /z/: devoiced and defricatized to /t͡s/ after nasals; otherwise devoiced to /s/. | |||
*'''g''' /j/: devoiced and fricatized to /ʃ/ | |||
*'''z''' /z/: devoiced to /s/ | |||
====Palatalization==== | |||
====Addition of -t-==== | |||
These changes occur in the past stem of class 1 weak verbs (where '''-d-''' becomes '''-t-''' after obstruents) and the second person singular past indicative of strong verbs (which has the ending '''-t'''). Before applying these changes to class 1 weak verbs, remove the '''-j-''' in the present stem. | |||
*p, b + t → ft | |||
*nt, nd + t → nt | |||
*t, d, z + t → st | |||
*k, nk, g, ng + t → ht. This leads to the following changes to the preceding vowels ('''N''' represents a dropped nasal): | |||
**u + ht → åht | |||
**i + ht → äht | |||
**ou, uN + ht → uht | |||
**ei, iN + ht → iht | |||
**e/i /ə/ → aht | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Cases=== | ===Cases=== | ||