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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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→Past and perfect
m (→gam and īgam) |
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Note that the “impact on the present” meaning and the use of evidentials are independent from each other. Using a first inferential, for example, does not change the implications given by the use of perfect or past, though the actual interpretation is often heavily dependent from context: | Note that the “impact on the present” meaning and the use of evidentials are independent from each other. Using a first inferential, for example, does not change the implications given by the use of perfect or past, though the actual interpretation is often heavily dependent from context: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = jāyim palyu | | phrase = jāyim palyu junyukte. | ||
| gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PAST-3SG.INF1.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | | gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PAST-3SG.INF1.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | ||
| translation = Apparently, the girl painted her [own] face. | | translation = Apparently, the girl painted her [own] face. | ||
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Past tense coupled with the first inferential means that it can be assumed that the girl painted her own face sometime in the past; e.g. the girl is now painting her face, and given the way she does it, it’s reasonable to believe it’s not her first time. | Past tense coupled with the first inferential means that it can be assumed that the girl painted her own face sometime in the past; e.g. the girl is now painting her face, and given the way she does it, it’s reasonable to believe it’s not her first time. | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = jāyim palyu | | phrase = jāyim palyu ujunyuɂate. | ||
| gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PERF-INF1-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | | gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PERF-INF1-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | ||
| translation = Apparently, the girl has painted her [own] face. | | translation = Apparently, the girl has painted her [own] face. | ||
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The second inferential changes the speaker’s deduction, but not the implications given by tenses: | The second inferential changes the speaker’s deduction, but not the implications given by tenses: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = jāyim palyu | | phrase = jāyim palyu junyebikte. | ||
| gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PAST-INF2-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | | gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PAST-INF2-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | ||
| translation = Apparently, the girl painted her [own] face, but probably didn't. | | translation = Apparently, the girl painted her [own] face, but probably didn't. | ||
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Second inferential with past tense, mostly implying the same situation as before, but while she, or something she did, had made the speaker believe she had already painted her face at least once in the past, the way she’s doing it makes think that she probably never did. | Second inferential with past tense, mostly implying the same situation as before, but while she, or something she did, had made the speaker believe she had already painted her face at least once in the past, the way she’s doing it makes think that she probably never did. | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
| phrase = jāyim palyu | | phrase = jāyim palyu ujunyebyate. | ||
| gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PERF-INF2-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | | gloss = girl.<small>DIR.SG</small>. face-<small>ACC.SG</small>. paint.<small>IND.PERF-INF2-3SG.EXTERIOR-AGENT</small>. | ||
| translation = Apparently, the girl has painted her [own] face, but probably didn't. | | translation = Apparently, the girl has painted her [own] face, but probably didn't. | ||