Eighth edition lekma: Difference between revisions

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Eighth edition lekma (view source)

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  A conlang autonym lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature of language, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, to make it, is to learn about languages.
  A conlang, autonym lekma /ˈɥexmä/ is an experimental miniature of language, Type (aiming): being low amount of distinct categories, half of lexicon are adoption of low Germanic languages, to make it, is to learn about languages.




  contents: +nouns(intransitive), +adjective nouns(monotransitive), +demonstrative nouns(have plural forms), +verbal nouns(transitive, ditransitive), +coverbal nounsparticle(). +enclitics: (nominal), (adjectival), (plural), (motion in once), (habitual), (subjunctive), (processive), (perfective).
  contents: {{green|n}}ouns(intransitive), {{green|a}}djective nouns(monotransitive), {{green|d}}emonstrative nouns(have plural forms), {{green|v}}erbal nouns(transitive, ditransitive), {{green|c}}overbal nouns(particle). {{green|e}}nclitics: (nominal), (adjectival), (plural), (motion in once), (habitual), (subjunctive), (processive), (perfective).


{|nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, (demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
{|nouns: +morpheme nouns(that are intransitives), +adjective nouns(monotransitives), +demonstrative nouns(which have plurals), +verbal nouns(that are transitives, ditransitives), +verb-derived particle nouns(that are prepositions, connectives). +enclitics(they turn nouns to full nouns):demontratives same as aboves, nominal suffix: e/∅/, (demostrative)-hen/ɦen/(plural), adjectival suffix: a,ä.har/ɦä/,/e/ s/s/, verbal suffix: hen/en/(motion in once), hel/ɦel/(habitual, nominaliser), had/ɦät/(subjunctive) dan/ŋdɐ/(processive) nin/nin/(perfective), an,en,ne,, vowel to nasalise+/ŋen/.
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Phoneme inventory
Phoneme inventory
{| |
{| |
! |<small>Consonants</small>
! |<small>{{blue|Consonants}}</small>
! |<small>Bilabial</small>
! |<small>Bilabial</small>
! |<small>Labio-dental</small>
! |<small>Labio-dental</small>
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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Nasal</small>
| mam(m) ||  ||  || nan(n, ɲ) ||  ||  || uâu,aau(ŋ) ||  ||  
| {{blue|m}}a{{blue|m}}(m) ||  ||  || {{blue|n}}a{{blue|n}}(n, ɲ) ||  ||  || uâ{{blue|u}}(ŋ) ||  ||  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Plosive</small>
| bab(b-p) ||  || dad(d-t) ||  ||  ||  || cac(k-ɡ) ||  || aâe(ʔ)
| {{blue|b}}a{{blue|b}}(b-p) ||  || {{blue|d}}a{{blue|d}}(d-t) ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|c}}a{{blue|c}}(k-ɡ) ||  || {{blue|a}}âe(ʔ)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Affricate</small>
|  ||  ||  || zae(d͡z-t͡s) || tât(ʈ͡ʂ) ||  ||  ||  ||  
|  ||  ||  || {{blue|z}}ae(d͡z-t͡s) || {{blue|t}}â{{blue|t}}(ʈ͡ʂ) ||  ||  ||  ||  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Fricative</small>
|  || fâf(f) ||  || sas(s-ɕ) || xax(ç-ʂ) ||  ||  || kak(χ-x, k) || hah(ɦ, null)
|  || {{blue|f}}â{{blue|f}}(f) ||  || {{blue|s}}a{{blue|s}}(s-ɕ) || {{blue|x}}a{{blue|x}}(ʂ-ç) ||  ||  || {{blue|k}}a{{blue|k}}(x, k) || {{blue|h}}a{{blue|h}}(ɦ, null)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Trill</small>
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || rae(ʀ-r) || aar(ɐ̯, null)
|  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|ra}}e(ʀ-r) || aa{{blue|r}}(ɐ̯, null)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Approximant</small>
|  || vàe(ʋ) ||  ||  ||  || iáe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||  
|  || {{blue|và}}e(ʋ) ||  ||  ||  || {{blue|i}}áe(ʝ) ||  ||  ||  
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Lateral approximant</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Lateral approximant</small>
|  || aàe,aaè(u̯) ||  || lal,uàe(ɥ-ʎ, l) ||  || aáe,aaé(i̯) ||  ||  ||  
|  || {{blue|a}}àe,aa{{blue|è}}(u̯) ||  || {{blue|l}}a{{blue|l}},{{blue|u}}àe(ɥ-ʎ, l) ||  || {{blue|a}}áe,aa{{blue|é}}(i̯) ||  ||  ||  
|}
|}




{| |
{| |
! colspan="1" |<small>Vowels</small>
! colspan="1" |<small>{{blue|Vowels}}</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Front</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small>
! colspan="2" |<small>Central</small>
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|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Close</small>
| aie(i) || aüe(y) || aei,aíe(ɐi̯) || aúe(u̯ɐ) || aui(ɯɨ) || aue(u)
| a{{blue|i}}e(i) || a{{blue|üe}}(y) || a{{blue|ei}},a{{blue|í}}e(ɐi̯) || a{{blue|ú}}e(u̯o) || a{{blue|ui(}}ɯɨ) || a{{blue|u}}e(u)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Mid-open</small>
| aee,eäe(e) || aöe(ø) ||  || aeu,aóe(ɐu̯) ||  || aoe(o)
| a{{blue|e}}e,e{{blue|ä}}e(e) || a{{blue|ö}}e(ø) ||  || a{{blue|eu}},a{{blue|ò}}e(ɐu̯) ||  || a{{blue|ô}}e(o)
|-
|-
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
! style="text-align: left;"|<small>Open</small>
|  ||  || aae(ä) ||  || aao,aôe(ʌ) ||  
|  ||  || a{{blue|a}}e(ä) ||  || a{{blue|ao}},a{{blue|o}}e(ʌ) ||  
|}
|}


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  phonotactics
  phonotactics
  CV(V)C
  CV(V)C
  gemination is simplified, affecting vowel before it to lengthen.
  gemination lengthens nearby phoneme.
  tone slightly rises at beginning of a phrase.
  tone slightly rises at beginning of a phrase.
{| i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|}
{| i(ǀ) start citing, (end cite), before a loanword, ǃ(ǂ) exclamation|}
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{|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" |{{blue|gloss}}{{green|the agent of a transitive verb}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}!  style="width:90px;"{{green|possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "||-! style="text-align: center; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! style="text-align: center; "|uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| You! style="text-align: center; "|hia/ɦiä/| sia/siä/| nia/niä/| hia/ɦiä/| hias/ɦiäs/| sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/| hians/ɦiäns/| They (singular)! colspan="1" |{{blue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive form}}connective form}}{{blue|noun-like form}}{{blue|gloss}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|present/habitual}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is futural}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|-ing, /if}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is incomplete}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is completed}}! style="text-align: center; "|sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! style="text-align: center; "|bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| baat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| balnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,raise
{|! colspan="1" |{{blue|noun root}}! colspan="1" |the agent of a transitive verb!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the subject/locative of an intransitive verb}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the direct/indirect object of a verb}}!  style="width:90px;"{{green|possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural form}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|plural possessive form}}!  style="width: 90px; "||-! style="text-align: center; "|uac/ʋɐk/| sac/sɐk/| nac/nɐk/| uac/ʋɐk/[ʔɐk]|uacs/ʔäks/|sacen/säːgen/,nacen/näːgen/,uacen/ʔäːgen/| uacens/ʔäːgens/| I! style="text-align: center; "|uue/ʋyː/| sue/syː/| nue/nyː/| uue/ʋyː/[ʔyː]| uues/ʋyːs/[ʔyːs]| suen/syːen/,nuen/nyːen/,ʋuen/ʔyːen/| uuens/ʔyːens/| You! style="text-align: center; "|hia/ɦiä/| sia/siä/| nia/niä/| hia/ɦiä/| hias/ɦiäs/| sian/siän/,nian/niän/,hian/ɦiän/| hians/ɦiäns/| They (singular)! colspan="1" |{{blue|verb root}}indicative form}}subjunctive form}}connective form}}{{blue|noun-like form}}{{blue|gloss}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|present/habitual}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is futural}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|-ing, /if}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is incomplete}}!  style="width: 90px; "|{{green|the motion is completed}}! style="text-align: center; "|sel/sel/| ser/sel/| seat/seɦät/| sad/säːt/| selnd/selindɐ/| selnt/selint/| be! style="text-align: center; "|bal/bäl/| bar/bäl/| baat/päɦät/| bad/päːt/| balnd/pälindɐ| balnt/pälint/| have! |tel/tel/| ter/tel/| teat/teɦät/| tad/täːt/| telnd/telindɐ/| telnt/telint/| hang,raise
|}
|}


Neubalhhonn
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