Lifashian: Difference between revisions

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Lifashian (view source)

Revision as of 13:02, 19 April 2019

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→‎Morphology
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==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
====1st declension (masculine)====
The first declension of Lifashian contains most masculine nouns, inherited or borrowed. The nominative singular, citation form, ends in ''-as'', ''-s'', ''-sy'', or has no ending.
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''mísy'' (√míˤsy-) "moon, month"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| mísy || mísy'''i'''
|-
! Genitive
| mísy'''é''' || mísy'''ám'''
|-
! Dative
| mísy'''í''' || mísy'''uwi'''
|-
! Accusative
| mísy'''om''' || mísy'''ás'''
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''bíras'' (√bíˤr-) "husband"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| bír'''as''' || bír'''i'''
|-
! Genitive
| bír'''é''' || bír'''ám'''
|-
! Dative
| bír'''í''' || bír'''uwi'''
|-
! Accusative
| bír'''om''' || bír'''ás'''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''liws'' (√liw-) "god, God"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| liw'''s''' || liw'''i'''
|-
! Genitive
| liw'''é''' || liw'''ám'''
|-
! Dative
| liw'''í''' || liw'''uwi'''
|-
! Accusative
| liw'''om''' || liw'''ás'''
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''bátur'' (√bátur-) "man"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| bátur || bátur'''i'''
|-
! Genitive
| bátur'''é''' || bátur'''ám'''
|-
! Dative
| bátur'''í''' || bátur'''uwi'''
|-
! Accusative
| bátur'''om''' || bátur'''ás'''
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}
====2nd declension (feminine)====
The second declension contains most feminine nouns. Their citation form always ends in '''-á'''.
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''líssyá'' (√líssy-) "rain"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| líssy'''á''' || líssy'''ehes'''
|-
! Genitive
| líssy'''ehi''' || líssy'''ehám'''
|-
! Dative
| líssy'''ehí''' || líssy'''ábi'''
|-
! Accusative
| líssy'''am''' || líssy'''ehás'''
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''ninfá'' (√ninf-) "woman"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ninf'''á''' || ninf'''ehes'''
|-
! Genitive
| ninf'''ehi''' || ninf'''ehám'''
|-
! Dative
| ninf'''ehí''' || ninf'''ábi'''
|-
! Accusative
| ninf'''am''' || ninf'''ehás'''
|}
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{{col-end}}
====3rd declension (neuter)====
The third declension contains nearly all neuter nouns, and its forms in the genitive and dative are identical to the first declension. Its citation form ends in ''-am'' for all native words and some borrowings, or in a vowel plus ''-n'' in other borrowings. Such ''-n'' was often part of the stem in the donor language, but has been treated as an inflection in Lifashian.
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{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''biryam'' (√biry-) "action, operation, work, job, task"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| biry'''am''' || biry'''á'''
|-
! Genitive
| biry'''é''' || biry'''ám'''
|-
! Dative
| biry'''í''' || biry'''uwi'''
|-
! Accusative
| biry'''am''' || biry'''á'''
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''zimestán'' (√zimestá-) "winter"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| zimestá'''n''' || zimest'''á'''
|-
! Genitive
| zimestá'''e''' || zimestá'''m'''
|-
! Dative
| zimestá'''i''' || zimestá'''uwi'''
|-
! Accusative
| zimestá'''am''' || zimest'''á'''
|}
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{{col-end}}
====4th declension (masculine, feminine)====
Words of the fourth declension are either masculine or feminine. Their citation form ends in ''-é''.
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{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''máté'' (√mát-) "mother" (f)'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| mát'''é''' || mát'''iri'''
|-
! Genitive
| mát'''ors''' || mát'''irám'''
|-
! Dative
| mát'''irí''' || mát'''orbi'''
|-
! Accusative
| mát'''irom''' || mát'''irás'''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''faté'' (√fat-) "father" (m)'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| fat'''é''' || fat'''iri'''
|-
! Genitive
| fat'''ors''' || fat'''irám'''
|-
! Dative
| fat'''irí''' || fat'''orbi'''
|-
! Accusative
| fat'''irom''' || fat'''irás'''
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}
====5th declension (neuter)====
The fifth declension, mostly unproductive, contains neuter nouns whose lemma forms end in ''-é''. They are clearly distinct from 4th declension ones.
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''jommé'' (√jomm-) "people, folk"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| jomm'''é''' || jomm'''é'''
|-
! Genitive
| jomm'''i''' || jomm'''enám'''
|-
! Dative
| jomm'''í''' || jomm'''embi'''
|-
! Accusative
| jomm'''é''' || jomm'''é'''
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}
====6th declension (masculine)====
Words of the sixth declension are predominantly masculine, ending in ''-i'' in their citation form; its plural forms are the same as in the first declension. Some borrowings are also included in this declension.
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{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''limmi'' (√limm-) "lake"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| limm'''i''' || limm'''i'''
|-
! Genitive
| limm'''i''' || limm'''ám'''
|-
! Dative
| limm'''í''' || limm'''uwi'''
|-
! Accusative
| limm'''im''' || limm'''ás'''
|}
{{col-break}}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''''ábádi'' (√ábád-) "city"'''
|-
! !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! Nominative
| ábád'''i''' || ábád'''i'''
|-
! Genitive
| ábád'''i''' || ábád'''ám'''
|-
! Dative
| ábád'''í''' || ábád'''uwi'''
|-
! Accusative
| ábád'''im''' || ábád'''ás'''
|}
{{col-break}}
{{col-end}}
==Syntax==
==Syntax==
==Vocabulary==
==Vocabulary==
Lili21
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